TRANSPORTATION IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES (21999287)(2)
This study investigates the impact of public transportation infrastructure on property values in Mashhad, Iran, utilizing a hedonic pricing model to analyze both commercial and residential sectors. The findings reveal that proximity to major transport hubs, specifically railway stations and terminals, significantly enhances property values, with commercial properties within 1000 m of these hubs commanding premiums of 29.8% and 25.6%, respectively. This underscores the critical role of transport accessibility in shaping the commercial real estate market. In contrast, metro stations and bus stops show no significant impact on commercial property values, likely reflecting the inadequacies of Mashhad's current public transportation system. In the residential sector, the influence of transport infrastructure varies by property type: apartment values increase by 19.5% and 13.3% in proximity to railway stations and terminals, while villas experience a 32.5% value boost per kilometer closer to a railway station. These results highlight the differentiated impact of transportation infrastructure on property types, emphasizing the particular importance of rail connectivity for higher-end residential properties. The study concludes with a call for targeted urban planning and policy interventions to modernize and expand Mashhad's public transportation network, making it more functional and attractive to a wider population, and suggests avenues for future research on additional urban factors influencing property values and the drivers of high-value commercial transactions.
Introduction: Coronary Artery disease (CAD) is influenced by genetic factors, environment and culture behavior. The aim of the present study was to evaluate some non-modifiable risk factors of coronary heart disease such as sex, age, family history and consanguineous marriage.
Methods: This is a case-control study. The study population consisted of 200 fifteen or more years old. Data were collected on 200 patients with positive angiography and 200 control subjects with negative angiography. Positive angiography was defined as coronary diameter cut greater than 50%. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 11.5. In this study, data were collected through a checklist. Logistic regression and stratification were used to determine the impact of age, gender, family history, and consanguinity on the risk of stenosis.
Results: The percentage of men in patients and controls were 89% and 29%, respectively. As to gender, a significant association was found between patients and controls of CAD (CI 95%, 4.014-10.052, OR 6.352). Gender was determined as a risk factor for CAD. Family history of myocardial infarction did not show a significant effect on the artery stenosis. As to consanguinity of the parents, there was no significant association between patients and controls of CAD (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: These researches show that ageing increases the risk of coronary heart stenosis; also, females are more than men protected against this disease. The impact of family history of myocardial infarction and consanguineous marriage were not associated with of CAD.
Senemar, S., Saffari, B., Sharifkazemi, M.B., Bahari, M., Jouyan, N., Dehaghani, E.D., Yavarian, M.
EXCLI Journal (16112156)12pp. 437-448
Elevated level of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) has been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Furthermore, numerous studies have documented the influences of a common polymorphism (C677T) of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) on homocysteine levels. However the relationship between this mutation and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has remained as a controversial issue. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between C677T polymorphism of MTHFR gene, plasma total Hcy levels and the number of affected vessels as a criterion for the extent of CAD. MTHFR genotypes and plasma homocysteine (HCY) concentrations were examined in 231 patients and 300 healthy subjects who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of Hcy levels whereas logistic regression model was built to determine the association of Hcy quartiles with the risk of CAD adjusted for risk factors. The prevalence of MTHFR genotypes was similar between CAD patients and non-CAD individuals while the geometric mean of Hcy values was significantly higher in patient group (14.13 ± 4.11 μmol/l) than in control group (10.19 ± 3.52 μmol/l) (P < 0.001). Moreover, unlike the MTHFR polymorphism, Hcy concentration increased with increasing number of stenosed vessels and the CAD risk increased about 2 folds in the top two Hcy quartiles (≥ 17.03 and 13.20-17.02 μmol/l) compared with the lowest quartile (≤ 9.92 μmol/l) after controlling for conventional risk factors (P<0.001 for both). Our data suggest that hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) is significantly associated to CAD risk increase as well as to the extent of coronary atherosclerosis.
Saffari, B., Jouyan, N., Bahari, M., Senemar, S., Yavarian, M.
EXCLI Journal (16112156)11pp. 407-415
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2 (PAI-2) is a serine protease inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system produced predominantly by the macrophages and monocytes. It has been demonstrated that fibrinolysis regulation has a great importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques. Thus in the current investigation, we sought to determine whether Ser 413/Cys polymorphism (rs6104) of PAI-2 gene could be associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors. Ser 413/Cys polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP technique using Mwo I restriction enzyme for 184 men under 50 years of age and 216 women less than 55 years of age who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography. Data on the history of familial myocardial infarction or other heart diseases, hypertension, and smoking habit were collected by a simple questionnaire. Fasting levels of blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also measured by enzymatic methods. Frequencies of the Ser 413 and Cys 413 alleles were 0.760 and 0.240 in the whole population, respectively. The PAI-2 gene variant analyzed was not significantly associated with either the prevalence of premature CAD or the classical risk factors of CAD development such as diabetes, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, hypertension, familial history of heart dysfunction or smoking.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2 (PAI-2) is a serine protease inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system produced predominantly by the macrophages and monocytes. It has been demonstrated that fibrinolysis regulation has a great importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques. Thus in the current investigation, we sought to determine whether Ser(413)/Cys polymorphism (rs6104) of PAI-2 gene could be associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors. Ser(413)/Cys polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP technique using Mwo I restriction enzyme for 184 men under 50 years of age and 216 women less than 55 years of age who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography. Data on the history of familial myocardial infarction or other heart diseases, hypertension, and smoking habit were collected by a simple questionnaire. Fasting levels of blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also measured by enzymatic methods. Frequencies of the Ser(413) and Cys(413) alleles were 0.760 and 0.240 in the whole population, respectively. The PAI-2 gene variant analyzed was not significantly associated with either the prevalence of premature CAD or the classical risk factors of CAD development such as diabetes, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, hypertension, familial history of heart dysfunction or smoking.
Glutathione S-transferase is a family of multifunctional detoxification enzymes which are mainly cytosolic that detoxify natural and exogenous toxic compounds by conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione, an endogenous tripeptide, is important as either a reducing agent or a nucleophilic scavenger. This molecule alleviates the chemical toxicity in plants by reaction of glutathione S-transferase, and its conjugates can be transported to vacuole or apoplast. The plant soluble glutathione S-transferases grouped today into seven distinct Phi, Tau, Zeta, Theta, lambda, dehydroascorbate reductase, and tetrachlorohydroquinone dehalogenase classes. In this study, bioinformatics analysis of glutathione S-transferase gene in barley was carried out using Tau-class of barley glutathione S-transferase sequences in NCBI GenBank and isolated sequence. DNA extraction, primer design, PCR, electrophoresis, column purifica-tion, DNA sequencing and analysis by some software led to identify new sequences of Tau-class of glutathione S-transferase from barley, which is similar to Tau GST of the diploid wheat. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the three barley GST genes showed that they have 99% identity with each other but only 45% identity with the new GST. This sequence was submitted to NCBI GenBank with FI131240 accession number.
