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آمایش سرزمین (20087047) (مقالات آماده انتشار)
Rural tourism, as one of the most important strategies for sustainable development, plays a key role in enhancing the economic, social, and cultural conditions of rural areas. With its diverse territorial capabilities, Khuzestan Province has a high potential for rural tourism development. However, the optimal use of these capabilities requires proper identification and prioritization. Therefore, the present study focuses on the typology and prioritization of territorial capabilities for rural tourism development in Khuzestan. In line with the research goal, a purposive sample of 35 experts from seven provincial organizations was selected to answer the questionnaire. At first, a geodatabase was created based on statistical data from censuses, statistical yearbooks, and provincial plans to identify the types of territorial capabilities needed for rural tourism development in the province. Then, the collected data were classified according to an indexation process. The result of this method’s implementation was the extraction of 280 variables in the form of 14 indices representing territorial capabilities. For prioritizing these indices, the final coefficients obtained from the average scores of multi-criteria decision-making weighting methods showed that natural, agricultural, and handicraft capabilities received the highest coefficients, ranging from 0.26 to 0.24. Moreover, the results of implementing multi-criteria decision-making ranking techniques and the aggregation method for counties zoning based on territorial capabilities related to rural tourism development revealed that Dezful, Ahvaz, and Andimeshk, with scores ranging between 0.00 and 2.00, achieved the best rankings. Additionally, the analysis of the final territorial capabilities map using a Geographic Information System showed that the share of high, medium, and low capabilities classes in the province was 33.3% or ten districts, 23.3% or seven districts, and 43.3% or thirteen districts, respectively. This means that nearly half of the province is in an unfavorable condition regarding the availability of such capabilities.
Researches in Earth Sciences (20088299) 12(3)pp. 100-116
Introduction: Livability is a general concept that is associated with a number of other concepts and words, such as sustainability, quality of place and healthy community. Livable settlements define habitat as a suitable place for work and life. Livability theory was based on Abraham Maslow's work on human needs. The increasing importance of livability is due to increased awareness of unsustainable life patterns and unhealthy and unsustainable consumption, which in the long term reduces the capacity of environmental resources for supporting the population. In the field of quality of life this theory has been generally developed by Wienhown who believes that people are happier and are more satisfied in a community that meets their needs better. In general, the livability coin has two faces: Livelihoods and ecological stability. Thus, one of the dimensions of livability is stable livelihood. One of the solutions for increasing the sustainability of rural livelihoods is livelihoods diversity. This phenomenon leads to poverty reduction due to the emphasis on better job opportunities for empowerment of rural households. Livelihood diversity is an effective strategy for dealing with economic and environmental stresses and a tool for poverty reduction. One of the examples of livelihood diversity is border exchange in border settlements. The definition of border exchange, its environmental result and its role in the sustainability or instability of rural settlements is discussed here forth. Material and Methods: Kurdistan province is geographically located between northern 34° 44' to 36° 30' latitude and 45° 31' to 48° 16' longitude. Currently, Kurdistan Province has 10 counties, 27 districts, and 29 towns. Kurdistan Province, with an area of 28203 square kilometers, is located adjacent to the eastern part of Iraq. Villages with border license totaling 10817 households have been studied as a statistical society. In the present research, in terms of research methodology we used both quantitative and qualitative methods. For theoretical framework, both livability theory and livelihood diversity theory have been used. In order to investigate the research problem, a deductive strategy was used and for collecting data two conventional methods of library studies (books, theses, journals, the results of censuses, relevant statistics, photographs, pictures, films, documentaries, etc.) and surveying were used. For statistical analysis of quantitative data, SPSS software and related statistical tests such as independent T and Wilcoxon were used. For analysis of qualitative data, researcher's views, opinions of scholars, statements by the officials of the city's and field investigations have been used. Result and discussion: The average of the effects of border exchanges on the stability of villages before and after the temporary border marketplace was 22.77 and 17.62, respectively, which had a mean difference of 5.15 before and after the construction of temporary border markets. Also, the standard deviation of border exchanges before and after the construction of temporary border marketplace is 2.84 and 1.36, respectively. To examine the effect of temporary border marketplace, the Wilcoxon test was used. The results showed that the average rating in the period before the construction of temporary border markets (45.22) was for environmental destruction and the results were higher than the average of the group after the construction of temporary border marketplace (13.5). Therefore, it can be said that with construction of temporary border markets, environmental results, including the destruction of forest areas and its implications were reduced. The value of the Wilcoxon test is (8.05) and its significance level is 0.05 at 0.000. Based on the significance level, the difference between the dependent variable in two periods before the construction of the temporary border marketplace and after the construction of temporary border marketplace, it is meaningful. Therefore, the first hypothesis of the research on the existence of a relationship between border exchanges and environmental evolution and the second hypothesis regarding the positive results of border exchanges in the livability of the settlements of the border villages of Kurdistan province after the construction of temporary border marketplaces are confirmed. Livelihood diversity is an effective strategy for dealing with economic and environmental stresses and a tool for poverty reduction. One example of the diversification of rural livelihoods is border exchange; the phenomenon of border exchanges is now in legal ways, including temporary marketplaces, border licenses and electronic border credit cards. This phenomenon is an appropriate alternative for diversifying rural livelihoods, fair distribution of income, population stability, socioeconomic and spatial justice, protection of the environment, especially the preservation of forested areas. Applied studies show that reliance on non-agricultural livelihood diversity strategies are beneficial due to increase in household income. In this framework, border exchange is one of the examples of diversification of rural livelihoods with positive economic results. On the other hand, as it is derived from the questionnaires, the use of pressurized irrigation and reduction of water losses in the fields, the participation of local people in environmental NGOs, for example the Green Chia Association, participation in forest fire extinguishing, along with reduced fertilizer and pesticide use in agricultural fields, reduced animal hunting, reduced overharvesting, reduce of human waste and animal waste in the rural range and out of rural range, reduce in the population's dependence on forests and pastures are quite evident. Conclusion: It is obvious that with changes in the financial and income resources of the border residents, the desire to improve livelihoods and increase satisfaction has expanded. The development of environmental protection, such as decreasing environmental destruction, reduction of pesticide and fertilizer use, increasing participation in non-governmental environmental institutions, participation in firefighting, reducing the unconventional use of forests and their products and decreasing disposal of human and animal waste in the rural environment and forest arenas are positive environmental impacts of border exchanges. Obviously, if this phenomenon is extended to other parts of the county, with the improvement of livelihoods, the fields of cultural, political, physical and environmental development will accrete and increase. An adverse event caused by rising income is construction of garden houses and villas, mostly with urban residents. With necessary means such as educating people, coherent supervision in the areas of desirability can be managed. Therefore, the diversification strategy of rural livelihoods based on the capability of each region, using the potential of the border is a useful solution. This strategy reduces livability limitations of rural settlements. © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.
Land Use Policy (02648377) 109
The development of rural areas, from various aspects, has always been of interest for researchers in less developed communities. These studies, according to the way governments look at development issues, have led the governments to make decisions and implement plans for how to manage rural areas (called politics); the process of studying, planning, as well as making decision and ultimately implementation in the rural environment is called rural policy-making. In Iran, different decisions have always been made to develop rural areas. In this study, we sought to identify the characteristics of policy-making and governance of rural areas and to understand the causes of their inefficiency in order to provide an appropriate model for policy-making and management of rural areas in Iran. Using thematic analysis, the themes of policy-making for managing the rural areas of Iran were investigated. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and studying the related documents. The findings showed three categories of pervasive themes: contexts; influential factors, and outcome dimensions. These three shape the basic concepts and organize themes for appropriate policy-making. In fact, based on the results, policy is appropriate for managing Iran's rural areas; it pays attention to the context and specific characteristics of the rural identity and environment, considers the role of external factors in decision-making and policy outcomes, is aware of the consequences of the previous policies, and leads to stability in policies. © 2021
International Journal Of Energy Economics And Policy (21464553) 10(3)pp. 1-13
In the present study, a novel passive solar system—a designed sunspace in combination with solar chimney (SS)—is implied to work out the concerns of energy requirement in the terraced rural dwellings of Iran. Renewable plans for heating need to be implemented before regarding mechanical facilities. Due to the southern orientation of most rural homes moreover, dwelling slope it is likely to use sunlight in most hours of the day. Hence, the SS system with an area of 4 m2 on the southern side of the building is considered. The simulation was performed through the EnergyPlus software and verified by experimental data. On the basis of the results, applying the SS system in buildings can magnify the amount of heat obtained. This is a practical plan to assist in space heating in cold months. Moreover, natural night ventilation over the SS can reduce the cooling load during hot seasons. The results additionally indicate that the highest energy-saving for heating and cooling observed in January and July respectively. Lastly, the annual economic advantage of the SS system with respect to power conservation will be 14.3% accordingly the increased cost for installing the SS will be retrieved by 8 years generally. © 2020, Econjournals. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of water saturation is one of the critical parameters in reservoir engineering and as the primary source, petrophysical log data is used in evaluation of water saturation in the reservoir. The main goal in this study is to revise the most commonly used practical correlations for cementation factor with our 571 data set from 45 different wells in South West of Iran. Moreover, by comparing the correlations for interpreting petrophysical logs in a sample well, we concluded that in the formations in high porosity range, there is no significant difference in water saturation calculation between different correlations. But for low-porosity formations, the difference is very noticeable. © 81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019. All rights reserved.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences (discontinued) (18667538) 7(1)pp. 241-251
Selection of potential areas for mineral exploration is a complex process and needs many diverse criteria. Combining analytic hierarchy process (AHP) modeling with geographic information system (GIS) provides an effective means for studies of mineral potential mapping evaluation. Fuzzy AHP is an extension of conventional AHP and by using fuzzy theory is obtained the advantage rather AHP method. In this paper to provide, potential mapping for Cu porphyry mineralization used fuzzy AHP and GIS in the Ahar-Arasbaran areas, several criteria, such as geology, geochemical and geophysical data, alteration, and faults were used. Each criterion was evaluated with the aid of fuzzy AHP and mapped by GIS. The method allowed a mixture of quantitative and qualitative information with group decision. The results and its validation demonstrate the acceptable outcomes for copper porphyry exploration. © 2012 Saudi Society for Geosciences.
Journal of the Geological Society of India (00167622) 83(4)pp. 457-465
One of the major strengths of a GIS is the ability to integrate and combine multiple layers of geoscience data for producing mineral potential maps showing favorable areas for mineral exploration. Once the data is prepared properly, the GIS, jointly with other statistical and geostatistical software packages, can be used to manipulate and visualize the data in order to produce a mineral prospectivity map. Many spatial modeling techniques can be employed to produce mineral potential maps. This paper demonstrates a technique to define favorable areas for REE mineralization with AHP technique using geological, geochemical, geophysical, alteration and faults density spatial data in the Kerman-Kashmar Tectonic Zone of central Iran. The AHP is a powerful and flexible multi-criteria decision-making tool for dealing with complex problems where both qualitative and quantitative aspects need to be considered. This approach is knowledgedriven method and can be applied in other areas for conventional use in mineral exploration. © GEOL. SOC. INDIA.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences (discontinued) (18667538) 6(1)pp. 177-185
At this paper, we studied about the rock quality of Shirinrud dam site by engineering seismology. Shirinrud dam site is located 80 km far from Kerman and 18 km far from Hojadk village. The dam and its constructions are established in the Bidu Formation which consists of seven rock units, and the refraction profiles were surveyed on Jb3/2, Jb4, and Jb5 rock units. To evaluate the rock mass quality and basement topography at this site, nine refraction seismic profiles by primary waves and two refraction seismic profiles by secondary waves were surveyed. We used some methods such as Palmer method, the reciprocal method, plus-minus method, etc. to process and interpret data. Based on investigations, primary wave velocity in unit Jb3/2 varies between 2,100 and 2,200 m/s, in unit Jb4 is between 2,100 and 4,200 m/s, and in unit Jb5 is between 2,500 and 3,000 m/s. The Q values on these three units are 0. 05, 1. 2, and 1. 9, and the rock mass rating (RMR) values are 27. 1, 40. 5, and 33. 5, respectively. With respect to wave velocity, Q, and RMR values, the units Jb3/2, Jb4, and Jb5 are evaluated as very weak, intermediate, and weak, respectively. © 2011 Saudi Society for Geosciences.
Life Science Journal (discontinued) (10978135) 10(SUPPL. 5)pp. 340-343
The aim of the present research is to study and analyze the relationship between firm sixe and return rate and risk in firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The question posed is that what effect does the firm size has on return and risk. Thus, we will deal with studying the relationship between risk and return and firm size in bourse companies to identify whether big companies are more appropriate for investment or the small ones? Since market value of the firm's stocks was considered as the firm size (independent variable in the present research, the research results will show whether purchasing the stocks of companies with more market values will result in more earnings for the investors or purchasing stocks of companies with low market values? Additionally the risk of these two groups of companies will be investigated. In the present research we considered some criteria to select our sample and chose 84 bourse companies during the time period between 2007 and 2011 and studied the relationships between the variables mentioned by using the statistical software E-Views. According to the results the existence of a linear relationship between firm size and return was approved for the years 2008 and 2009 and the existence of a linear relationship between firm size and systematic risk index was approved for the years 2008, 2009, and 2011. Meanwhile, in all the cases above, the relationship between firm size and return and systematic risk index was direct and the regression line slope was estimated to be positive.
Life Science Journal (discontinued) (10978135) 10(SUPPL.1)pp. 349-353
The goal of the present research paper is to study the effect of cash flow on investment levels in companies. 75 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange were investigated for their performances during the years between 2004 and 2010. The year 2008 was assumed to be the index year. In this paper the effects of four variables related to operational cash flow, financial supply and investment on investments' levels were studied. These variables are operational incomes, operational profit, debt ratio, and change in tangible fixed assets. The results of the regression test showed that cash flow, previous operational incomes, operational profit, and the ratio of debts and tangible fixed assets have a positive and meaningful effect on investment levels in companies but the future operational income does not affect companies' investments.
Pazand, K. ,
Aliniya, F. ,
Ghanbari, Y. ,
Hassani, H. ,
Aghavali, N. Arabian Journal of Geosciences (discontinued) (18667538) 5(5)pp. 1021-1029
Platinum group elements (PGE) enrichment occurs in Zn-Cu and Ni-rich ophiolities in a number of geological settings. Platinum group elements (PGE) mineralization in Pyroxenite from the Faryab ophiolities of Zagros belt in south Iran was studied. The ophiolite rocks represent blocks of Tethyan oceanic crust that were emplaced on the continental margin during the late Cretaceous period. Much of lower ophiolitic section is composed of homogeneous harzburgite, while upper sections harzburgite interlayer with dunite and pyroxenite are included. This study focused on pyroxenite that includes most of sulfide mineralization in Faryab. More than 500 samples were investigated from polished thin sections; that cover all area of Faryab. The sulfide phases include pyrrhotite, pentlandite, millerite, violarite, smythite, and heazlewoodite. The results show that in almost all the samples Os is below the 2 ppb detection limit, Platinum values vary from <5 to 91 ppb and the light PGE (Ru, Rh, and Pd) relative to the heavy PGE (Os, Ir, and Pt) are more concentrated. Calculation showed that in pyroxenites Pd-Pt is occurring with orthopyroxenite and Rh-Os is occurring in clinopyroxenite. Ni/Pd ratios in Faryab vary between 7 and 356 and Pd/Ir ratio is 0.1-27. This indicates that in Faryab area partial melt of mantle occurred. Pd/Rh ratio in Faryab is 0.1-11, and Pd/Pt varies between 0.2 and 1.5. Pd/Ir ratio in Faryab decreases and shows that PGE in Faryab occurred. © Saudi Society for Geosciences 2011.
Environmental Earth Sciences (18666299) 65(7)pp. 2207-2207
Environmental Earth Sciences (18666299) 67(4)pp. 1131-1143
The chemical analysis of 83 water wells in the Marand area, Azarbaijan Province NW of Iran was evaluated to determine the hydrogeochemical processes and ion concentration background in the region. Over the entire area, the dominated hydrochemical types are Ca + Mg + SO 4 + Cl, Ca + SO 4, Na + Cl and Ca + Mg + HCO 3. Based on the total hardness, the softness of the groundwater is determined. According to electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), the most dominant classes are C3-S1, C3-S2, C4-S2 and C2-S1. The major ion concentrations are below the acceptable level for drinking water. The groundwater salinity hazard is medium to high, but the Na hazard is low to medium; with regard to irrigation water, the quality is low to medium. So, a drainage system is necessary to avoid the increase of toxic salt concentrations. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
Environmental Earth Sciences (18666299) 65(3)pp. 871-879
The chemical analysis of 59 water wells in Meshkinshar area, Ardabil province NW of IRAN has been evaluated to determine the hydrogeochemical processes and ion concentration background in the region. The dominated hydrochemical types are Na-SO4, Ca-HCO3, Na-HCO3 and Na-Cl in the whole area. Based on the total hardness, the groundwater is soft. According to electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio, the most dominant classes are C1-S1, C2-S1 and C3-S1. The major ion concentrations are below the acceptable level for drinking water. The groundwater salinity hazard is medium to high but the Na hazard is low to medium and in regard of irrigation water the quality is low to medium. So the drainage system is necessary to avoid the increase of toxic salt concentrations. © Springer-Verlag 2011.
Applied Geomatics (1866928X) 4(3)pp. 173-186
Fuzzy model as a knowledge-driven approach relies on the geologist's input to weight the importance of each data layer as it relates to the particular exploration model being used. In this paper we described a fuzzy model that uses a linear membership function for deriving fuzzy membership values of input evidential maps. The five multiclass evidential maps described were fuzzified using the linear membership function. The evidential maps and classes were ranked on the basis of our knowledge and information about REE mineralization in the study area. The model is demonstrated for mapping REE mineralization potential in an area in the Kerman-Kashmar Tectonic Zone (KKTZ), which separates the Yazd block to the west and the Tabas block to the east in Central Iran. At the fuzzy model described in this paper, we used four γ values to decrease the noise, and we applied selected optimum γ to predict potentially mineralized zones, which occupy less than 6 % of the study area. © Società Italiana di Fotogrammetria e Topografia (SIFET) 2012.
Geochemistry (00092819) 71(4)pp. 397-402
This research is based on the application of stream sediments to mineral exploration. Identifying the geochemical anomalies from background is a fundamental task in exploration geochemistry. This paper applied the element concentration-area (C-A) model, to separating the geochemical anomalies from background based on a fractal approach and for the compilation of geochemical mapping from stream sediment samples (n= 620) of the Ahar region (Iran), where some Cu mineralization occurs. Comparisons of the known copper occurrences against the anomalous area created using thresholds from C-A method illustrate these hits. All of known Cu mineralizations and moreover defines two extra Cu anomaly districts. Additional sampling (n= 186) around new Cu anomaly confirms this anomaly within the district. © 2011 Elsevier GmbH.
Natural Resources Research (15207439) 20(4)pp. 251-262
Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method for multi-index evaluation has special advantages, while the use of geographic information systems (GIS) is suitable for spatial analysis. Combining AHP with GIS provides an effective approach for studies of mineral potential mapping evaluation. Selection of potential areas for exploration is a complex process in which many diverse criteria are to be considered. In this article, AHP and GIS are used for providing potential maps for Cu porphyry mineralization on the basis of criteria derived from geologic, geochemical, and geophysical, and remote sensing data including alteration and faults. Each criterion was evaluated with the aid of AHP and the result mapped by GIS. This approach allows the use of a mixture of quantitative and qualitative information for decision-making. The results of application in this article provide acceptable outcomes for copper porphyry exploration. © 2011 International Association for Mathematical Geology.
Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Applied Earth Science (17432758) 119(4)pp. 220-226
Multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis (MCACA) is developed in this paper, and then used to extract the main advantages of multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, and to unify the R- and Q-mode cluster analysis for a large data set. A systematic program to recognise the regional geochemical patterns is built up based on this method. With this program, the complex tasks for data interpretation could be achieved by simple processes, and important geochemical information could be displayed by a single diagram, i.e. the dendrogram. As a case study, the regional geochemical pattern recognition for the Ravar 1: 100 000 sheet in the Kernam Province is discussed. The results show that many hidden geochemical patterns related to the lithologies, structures and prospecting targets are revealed by the geochemical map, and that the main geochemical patterns are related to certain geological patterns. By finding contrasts between geochemical patterns and geological patterns, the MCACA results assist the geological mapping in this area. Stream sediment geochemical data obtained in regional geochemical exploration in Iran provide useful information regarding geology and other factors, and the method described in this paper provides a new way to examine this type of resource. © 2010 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining and The AusIMM.
