Analytical system frequency response model with virtual synchronous wind turbines

Abstract

The present paper devises a second-order system frequency response (SFR) model for power systems integrating virtual synchronous variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs). The inertial response model of full converter VSWTs, in which grid-side converters are controlled using a virtual synchronous generator concept, is developed. The derived model is incorporated into the traditional SFR model deployed to estimate the frequency behaviour of the synchronous generators following infeed loss contingencies. The proposed SFR model formulates interaction between the VSWTs rotor speed reduction and the system frequency drop. The system loads inertia is also included in the SFR model. Additionally, an analytical approach to derive the suggested SFR model for the large power system including VSWTs with different capacities and operating points is presented. Solving the proposed model gives the analytical functions for estimating deviations in the system frequency as well as VSWTs rotor speed variations. Finally, the accuracy of the devised SFR model is verified through the time-domain simulations of a modified IEEE 39-bus system. Particularly, impact of the VSWTs virtual inertia on the efficiency of the proposed SFR model is studied. © 2021 The Authors. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology