Medium-term planning of vehicle-to-grid aggregators for providing frequency regulation service

Abstract

Utilization of electric vehicle battery to provide frequency regulation service in electricity markets is a technically feasible and economically attractive idea. The role of aggregators as a middleman between electric vehicle owners and the frequency regulation market has been discussed in the literature. However, the economic interaction between the aggregator and the vehicle owners on division of interests is still a missing point. In this paper, a new pricing model for aggregators of electric vehicles is proposed such that not only its profit is maximized, but also the vehicle owners have sufficient incentives to take part in the offered vehicle-to-grid program. In the proposed model, the aggregator takes into account the depreciation cost of electric vehicle batteries and the cost of net energy transaction between the electric vehicles and the grid and, then, considers these items in settling accounts with vehicle owners. The proposed model has been implemented on PJM frequency regulation market, and the results are discussed in the paper. © 2020 Sharif University of Technology. All rights reserved.