New perspectives and challenges

Abstract

This chapter offers a novel perspective on the current challenges and opportunities in hydrogen production and its applications. It opens with an introduction that underscores the significance of shifting towards cleaner energy sources, highlighting hydrogen as a promising alternative fuel due to its ecological advantages. The discussion focuses on photocatalysis as a sustainable and efficient method for utilizing solar energy to generate hydrogen. It further explores photoelectrochemical techniques, which effectively convert solar energy into hydrogen through innovative approaches. In addition, the chapter addresses the concept of plasmonic excitation, which enhances light absorption and boosts the efficiency of photocatalytic processes. The section on Z-scheme photocatalysts illustrates their potential to improve energy conversion by emulating natural photosynthesis. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.