Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen regeneration in a microbial electrosynthesis system by Enterobacter aerogenes

Abstract

Costly cofactors such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH) are essential to have high activity in many redox enzymatic processes. Cofactor regeneration methods have been suggested to improve the economic aspects of the system. Here, we introduce a microbial electrosynthesis process to regenerate NADH in a two-chamber set-up with Enterobacter aerogenes biofilm as the bio-cathode. The effects of several important factors on the regeneration efficiency were studied and the highest NADH regeneration yield was achieved equal to 65 % at the potential of −1.5 V and the initial NAD+ concentration of 1 mM after 8 h of operation. The regenerated cofactor was highly enzymatically active (93 ± 4 %) which was a great merit of the process. Studying the kinetics of regeneration revealed that the electron transfer rate to the biofilm was the limiting factor. We tried to remove the limitation through co-culturing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and producing more electrochemical active compounds in the biofilm. Although, this modification was not effective for the regeneration yield, it showed that the external potential implicitly influenced the regeneration process by changing the internal microbial cell metabolic fluxes. Finally, it can be concluded that the microbial electrosynthesis is a promising green process for NADH regeneration. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.