Pattern of couples’ childbearing behaviors: a focused ethnographic study in Iran

Abstract

Background: Over the last three decades, the total fertility rate, especially in developing countries like Iran, has dramatically decreased. To make policies and adopt any practical program to increase fertility, it is important to identify the beliefs and values governing couples’ decisions for childbearing. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the pattern of couples’ childbearing behaviors. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2020–2022 using an ethnographic method. Forty three participants were selected using a purposeful sampling method and a maximum variation strategy in Isfahan, Iran. In-depth semi-structured individual interviews, focused group discussions and daily notes were used to collect the data. Braun and Clarke’s approach of thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results: The cultural pattern obtained from data analysis was “reconsidering childbearing based on current lifestyle”. Accordingly, participants believed that they should delay childbearing and have fewer children. Conclusions: Based on research findings, to increase the total fertility rate, policymakers should take into consideration the most significant challenges and cultural factors contributing to couples’ reluctance to childbearing or strengthen factors that can play a substantial role in fostering fertility and childbearing desires. © The Author(s) 2025.