Photothermal water splitting

Abstract

This chapter offers a thorough analysis of photothermal water splitting, emphasizing its workings, uses, and material needs. In the introduction, the importance of photothermal processes in the creation of sustainable energy is discussed, along with the technology's potential for producing hydrogen. The processes behind the photothermal effect are explored in detail in this chapter, including thermal vibrations in molecules, nonradiative relaxation in semiconductors, and plasmonic localized heating. These mechanisms are critical for understanding how light energy can be effectively converted into thermal energy to drive chemical reactions. In exploring photothermal catalysis, the chapter discusses various applications, such as solar thermochemical processes, photothermal catalytic hydrogen production from fossil fuels, CO2 conversion, and both the reverse water gas shift and water gas shift reactions. Each application is analyzed for its potential to contribute to cleaner energy solutions and carbon management. Furthermore, the chapter outlines the fundamental requirements for effective photothermal materials, emphasizing attributes such as high broadband adsorption, suitable heat conductivity, low light emission, and high stability of light absorbers. These criteria are essential for optimizing the efficiency and longevity of photothermal systems. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.