Technoeconomic analysis and market prospects for lignin-driven materials

Abstract

This chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to technoeconomic analysis (TEA) as applied to lignin-derived materials, emphasizing its role in evaluating the feasibility and economic viability of emerging biobased technologies. It systematically presents the TEA framework, covering process modeling, mass and energy balances, capital and operating cost estimation, and profitability metrics such as net present value, internal rate of return, minimum selling price, and payback period. Practical guidance is offered on simulation tools, including Aspen Plus and SuperPro Designer, along with methodologies for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. Special attention is given to technology readiness levels, scale-up considerations, and commercial analysis—highlighting the importance of aligning technical development with market dynamics and investment criteria. Through detailed explanations and real-world case studies the chapter illustrates how TEA supports decision-making across the research, development, and deployment spectrum. Ultimately, it establishes TEA as a critical tool for guiding lignin valorization toward commercially competitive and environmentally sustainable outcomes. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.