The Progress of Molybdenum Disulfide 2D Nanosheets as Bionanocarriers for Drug Delivery Systems: A Groundbreaking Approach with Multiple Therapeutic Applications

Abstract

This research examines the use of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets in drug delivery and cancer treatment, highlighting their unique characteristics, including anisotropy, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. It discusses various synthesis techniques, surface modifications, and diverse drug delivery systems that incorporate MoS2, underscoring its notable absorbance in the near-infrared spectrum and its magnetic properties, which enhance its efficacy in photothermal therapy and biosensing. Despite the increasing interest in MoS2 for biomedical applications, challenges remain in its functionalization, particularly when compared to graphene, due to its more complex structure. This review emphasizes the necessity for environmentally friendly synthesis methods, scalable production techniques, and the incorporation of targeting ligands to improve the therapeutic effectiveness and biocompatibility of MoS2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, it highlights crucial research areas that explore biosafety, long-term effects, metabolic pathways, and the clinical potential of MoS2 in bioimaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). Ultimately, it is essential for researchers to collaborate to advance the clinical application of MoS2 in nanomedicine and to develop innovative therapeutic strategies. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.