Versatile applications of LIG-based biosensors: from environmental monitoring to biomedical innovations

Abstract

Graphene-based biosensors are recognized as one of the most innovative tools in the fields of biological and medical diagnostics. This paper investigates the laser-induced graphene process and its impact on the electrical and chemical properties of biosensors. By employing advanced laser methods, researchers can finely tune both the architecture and functional characteristics of graphene, thereby improving the sensor’s ability to detect specific substances with greater accuracy and selectivity. We analyze the effects of various laser parameters, including wavelength and power, on the formation of graphene and the performance of biosensors. Experimental results demonstrate that laser-induced biosensors are capable of detecting biological analytes with high accuracy and rapid response times. These advancements contribute to the development of novel technologies for early disease detection and personal health monitoring. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities for further research on laser-induced graphene biosensors will be discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2026.