Properties of Citrullus Colocynthis as a Pulpotomy Medicament: An Animal Study

Abstract

Introduction: As the carcinogenic properties of formocresol spark global concern, the exploration of safer alternatives becomes paramount in pediatric dentistry. This study assesses the efficacy of Citrullus colocynthis extract, recognized for its potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial qualities, as a potential substitute in pulpotomy treatments. Methods and Materials: Employing a controlled experimental design, eight New Zealand white rabbits underwent pulpotomy using either the traditional formocresol or the novel Citrullus colocynthis extract. Following the treatments, comprehensive histological assessments were performed to evaluate inflammatory responses, tissue necrosis, and morphological changes in pulp cells. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS, utilizing Chi-square and Mann Whitney tests to ascertain statistical significance. Results: Statistically significant disparities were evident in the levels of inflammation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and morphological changes of pulp tissue cells, with the Citrullus colocynthis extract group showing more pronounced adverse effects. In contrast, rates of necrosis did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: Despite its notable anti-inflammatory properties, Citrullus colocynthis extract induced significant adverse cellular reactions in pulpotomy applications. While promising as a therapeutic agent, its potential cellular toxicity suggests a cautious approach to clinical usage in dental treatments, warranting further investigation and optimization for safety. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Open.