Type: Article
Serum levels of oxidative stress, IL-8, and pepsinogen I/II ratio in Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer patients: potential diagnostic biomarkers
Journal: BMC Gastroenterology (1471230X)Year: 2025Volume: Issue: 1Pages: 3508 - 3525
Nasier-Hussain M. Samanje J.N. Mokhtari K. Nabi-Afjadi M. Fathi Z. Hoseini A. Bahreini E.Afshar H.Afshar H.Behrouz B.Yazdanmehr M. Adibi N. Adibi N. Amini K.Jalali Asadabadi S.a Afshari A. Shakhniya F.Nourmohammadi Abadchi A.a Rohani S. Rohani S. Ghasemzadeh M. Saberi F. Saberi F. Ghasemi N. Rezvanian M. Sadeghi-Aliabadi H. Hadizadeh F. Hadizadeh F.
Abstract
Background and aim: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori), a gram-negative bacterial pathogen associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. This study investigates potential factors in the incidence of gastric cancer in patients with H.pylori, including oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, serum pepsinogens (PG) of I and II, and PG-I/PG-II ratio. Methods: The study comprised individuals with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection, gastric cancer patients, and healthy individuals. Biochemical parameters such as FBS (fasting blood sugar), lipid profile, and liver and kidney functional factors were evaluated using colorimetric techniques. Oxidative markers such as total oxidant status (TOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified through colorimetric methods. IL-8, PG-II, and PG-II levels were also determined using the ELISA technique. Results: Individuals with H. pylori infection exhibited elevated levels of IL-8 (940.5 ± 249.7 vs. 603.4 ± 89.1 pg/ml, P < 0.0001) and oxidative species (5.47 ± 0.7 vs. 1.64 ± 0.7 nM, P < 0.05) compared to gastric cancer patients, who, despite having lower levels of IL-8 and oxidative species, showed higher levels of MDA. H.pylori patients exhibited significantly higher levels of PG-I (7.28 ± 2.1 vs. 2.61 ± 1.4 ng/ml, P < 0.001), PG-II (3.21 ± 1 vs. 2.6 ± 0.6 ng/ml, P < 0.001), and the PG-I/PG-II ratio (2.27 ± 1.2 vs. 1 ± 0.4, P < 0.001) compared to gastric cancer patients. The findings were substantiated using various data analysis platforms such as Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN (The University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis), cBioPortal, and TIMER (Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource). These parameters could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for screening and therapeutic interventions based on the cut-off values derived from ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves for IL-8, PGI, PGII, and PGI/PGII across the three groups. Conclusions: IL-8, PGI, PGII, and PGI/PGII parameters could serve as potential diagnostic markers for the screening and treatment of gastric conditions. © The Author(s) 2024.
Author Keywords
Gastric cancerHelicobacter pyloriOxidative stressPepsinogen-IPepsinogen-I, PG-I/PG-II interleukin-8computational discoverycoronary outcomesGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)non-peptide agoniststype 2 diabeteszinc natural databaseAlexithymiaCoping strategiesGeneral healthcomputational discoverycoronary outcomesGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)non-peptide agoniststype 2 diabeteszinc natural databaseAlexithymiaCoping strategiesGeneral healthcomputational discoverycoronary outcomesGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)non-peptide agoniststype 2 diabeteszinc natural databaseAbemaciclibC-N cross-couplingFedratinibMagnetic catalystMolecular dockingCovid-19lopinavirmolecular dynamic simulationsynthesisEnzyme inhibitionPyrazoleQuinazolinoneα-Glucosidase inhibitorscontrolled drug deliveryhyperthermiamagnetitenanoparticlesstimuli-responsiveEnzyme kinetic studyPyrezoleStructure–activity relationshipSynthesizeα-Glucosidase inhibitorBreast cancerGrowth inhibitionHWJMSCsIn vitro and in vivoSecretomeControlled drug releaseDMAEMADual responsiveNIPAMPEGylationAnti-cancerAnti-oxidantApoptosisFlow cytometryIndoleThiosemicarbazoneCell toxicityFolic acidMCF-7Nanostructured lipid carriersPaclitaxelPolyethylen glycolDissolution rateNanocrystalNanoparticleNanosizingNanosuspension2A peptideCpG dinucleotideExtrachromosomal plasmidPolycistronicReprogrammingHomology modelingLinkerNRCP28Salt bridgeCelecoxibPLGAPulmonary deliveryTaguchi designCopolymerDoxorubicinMicellePluronic® F127Poly (methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid)A-2780-sDNA fragmentationHT-29MDA-MB-231MTT assayCytotoxicityExtractionTaxolTaxus baccataThin layer chromatography (TLC) scannerHeLaMDA-MB-468SulfonamidesCupressusPlatycladusTaxusCancer chemotherapyDrug targetingEstrogen receptorEstrogenic prodrugsK562MCF-7ADRMT-1Spacer groupSteroidsAntitumor agentsHESA-AHuman cancer cellsNatural productAlexithymiaCoping strategiesGeneral healthAcoustic sensingCORDIC algorithmFabry PerotGrapheneOptical fiber sensorHuman healthMeteorological factorsOzone levelTehranPersian GulfSeasonal cycle and circulationThermal expansionFeeling entrapmentpsychological distresspsychology-positivecognitive-behavior therapyempty nesterResiliencyEmotional disorderGeneral anxiety disorderLife experiencesPhenomenologyConcurrent embedded designLifestyleUlcerative colitisMindfulness-based intervention Disease activity Quality of life Ulcerative colitisAcceptance and commitment therapyChronic painPain acceptancePain-related anxietyMigraine headachePatients referred farabi hospitalTension headachecomputational discoverycoronary outcomesGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)non-peptide agoniststype 2 diabeteszinc natural databaseAbemaciclibC-N cross-couplingFedratinibMagnetic catalystMolecular dockingCovid-19lopinavirmolecular dynamic simulationsynthesisEnzyme inhibitionPyrazoleQuinazolinoneα-Glucosidase inhibitorscontrolled drug deliveryhyperthermiamagnetitenanoparticlesstimuli-responsiveEnzyme kinetic studyPyrezoleStructure–activity relationshipSynthesizeα-Glucosidase inhibitorBreast cancerGrowth inhibitionHWJMSCsIn vitro and in vivoSecretomeControlled drug releaseDMAEMADual responsiveNIPAMPEGylationAnti-cancerAnti-oxidantApoptosisFlow cytometryIndoleThiosemicarbazoneCell toxicityFolic acidMCF-7Nanostructured lipid carriersPaclitaxelPolyethylen glycolDissolution rateNanocrystalNanoparticleNanosizingNanosuspension2A peptideCpG dinucleotideExtrachromosomal plasmidPolycistronicReprogrammingHomology modelingLinkerNRCP28Salt bridgeCelecoxibPLGAPulmonary deliveryTaguchi designCopolymerDoxorubicinMicellePluronic® F127Poly (methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid)A-2780-sDNA fragmentationHT-29MDA-MB-231MTT assayCytotoxicityExtractionTaxolTaxus baccataThin layer chromatography (TLC) scannerHeLaMDA-MB-468SulfonamidesCupressusPlatycladusTaxusCancer chemotherapyDrug targetingEstrogen receptorEstrogenic prodrugsK562MCF-7ADRMT-1Spacer groupSteroidsAntitumor agentsHESA-AHuman cancer cellsNatural productAlexithymiaCoping strategiesGeneral healthAcoustic sensingCORDIC algorithmFabry PerotGrapheneOptical fiber sensorHuman healthMeteorological factorsOzone levelTehranPersian GulfSeasonal cycle and circulationThermal expansionFeeling entrapmentpsychological distresspsychology-positivecognitive-behavior therapyempty nesterResiliencyEmotional disorderGeneral anxiety disorderLife experiencesPhenomenologyConcurrent embedded designLifestyleUlcerative colitisMindfulness-based intervention Disease activity Quality of life Ulcerative colitisAcceptance and commitment therapyChronic painPain acceptancePain-related anxietyMigraine headachePatients referred farabi hospitalTension headacheExpert knowledgeinformation literacyinformation-seeking behaviourself-evaluationstate and trait anxietyCooling Laser TherapyLow-Level Laser TherapyMedical engineering, photobiological & photochemicalCarbon nanotube (CNTs)Cell membraneDynamic system modelingMolecular dynamics simulationAdult epileptic patientscognitive impairmentepilepsyexecutive functionsseizure frequencyGlasgow Outcome Scalehypoxic-ischemic brain injuryMLC901modified Rankin ScaleNeuroAiD IIAcute transverse myelitisBarthel indexFampridineMultiple sclerosisAngiogenesisAutoimmune disordersNeuroinflammationVEGFhealth-related quality of lifeIranobservational studyrelapsing-remitting MSsubcutaneous interferon β-1aAnaerobic digestionBio-methane potential testDeveloping countriesIsfahanMunicipal solid wasteOrganic fraction of municipal solid wastePhysical and chemical analysisBC-MAC dualitybroadcast channel (BC)Digital subscriber line (DSL)dirty paper coding (DPC)dynamic spectrum management (DSM)interference channelresource allocationTomlinson-Harashima pre-coder (THP)vectoringgeneralized decision feedback equalizer (GDFE)interference channel (IF)multiple access channel (MAC)Chip-level detectorFrame time-hoppingOptical CDMAOptical orthogonal codesAnalytical optimizationSearch coil magnetometersSignal to noise ratioThermal noiseBandgapDensity functional theorymBJ exchange potential
Other Keywords
AdultAgedBiomarkersBiomarkers, TumorCase-Control StudiesFemaleHelicobacter InfectionsHelicobacter pyloriHumansInterleukin-8MaleMalondialdehydeMiddle AgedOxidative StressPepsinogen APepsinogen CStomach Neoplasmsbiological markercreatininehigh density lipoprotein cholesterolinterleukin 8low density lipoprotein cholesterolmalonaldehydepepsinogen Ipepsinogen IItriacylglycerolbiological markerCXCL8 protein, humaninterleukin 8malonaldehydepepsinogenpepsinogen IItumor markerArticlebiochemical analysiscancer patientcancer riskcase control studychronic liver diseasecohort analysiscolorectal cancercolorimetrycomputer analysisconfounding variablecontrolled studycopy number variationdiagnostic test accuracy studydiffuse large B cell lymphomaDNA microarrayenzyme linked immunosorbent assayfasting blood glucose levelgastroesophageal refluxgene expression profilingglioblastomaHelicobacter infectionHelicobacter pylorihumanhuman tissuehypertensionincidenceischemic heart diseasekidney failurelipid fingerprintingliver and kidney function testlung biopsyoverall survivaloxidative stresspathophysiologyreceiver operating characteristicrectum cancerrecurrence free survivalstomach adenocarcinomastomach cancertumor growthtumor invasiontumor microenvironmentadultagedbloodcomplicationdiagnosisfemalemalemicrobiologymiddle agedstomach tumorDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug DiscoveryGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics Simulationglucagon like peptide 1 receptorglucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonistantidiabetic agentArticlecardiotoxicitycardiovascular diseasecardiovascular riskclinical outcomediabetes mellitusdiabetic patientdrug developmentheart failurehumanhydrogen bondmedicinal chemistrymolecular dockingmolecular dynamicsnon insulin dependent diabetes mellitusoutcome assessmentpharmacophoreprotein structurerisk factorTetrahymena pyriformistoxicitychemistrydrug therapyproceduresalexithymiacase control studycontrolled studycoping behaviorcoping response indexGeneral Health Questionnairehealthmajor clinical studynamed inventories, questionnaires and rating scalesprospective studyskin diseaseToronto Alexithymia scaleDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug DiscoveryGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics Simulationglucagon like peptide 1 receptorglucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonistantidiabetic agentArticlecardiotoxicitycardiovascular diseasecardiovascular riskclinical outcomediabetes mellitusdiabetic patientdrug developmentheart failurehumanhydrogen bondmedicinal chemistrymolecular dockingmolecular dynamicsnon insulin dependent diabetes mellitusoutcome assessmentpharmacophoreprotein structurerisk factorTetrahymena pyriformistoxicitychemistrydrug therapyproceduresalexithymiacase control studycontrolled studycoping behaviorcoping response indexGeneral Health Questionnairehealthmajor clinical studynamed inventories, questionnaires and rating scalesprospective studyskin diseaseToronto Alexithymia scaleDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug DiscoveryGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics Simulationglucagon like peptide 1 receptorglucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonistantidiabetic agentArticlecardiotoxicitycardiovascular diseasecardiovascular riskclinical outcomediabetes mellitusdiabetic patientdrug developmentheart failurehumanhydrogen bondmedicinal chemistrymolecular dockingmolecular dynamicsnon insulin dependent diabetes mellitusoutcome assessmentpharmacophoreprotein structurerisk factorTetrahymena pyriformistoxicitychemistrydrug therapyproceduresCatalystsChemical reactionsCopper compoundsMicrowave irradiationNanocompositesSilica gelAbemaciclibAnti-tumorsC-N cross-couplingCross coupling reactionsCross-couplingsCu-freeFedratinibMagnetic catalystsSynthesisedMolecular modelingAntiviral AgentsCoronavirus 3C ProteasesCoronavirus Protease InhibitorsCOVID-19Cysteine EndopeptidasesDipeptidesEthylenesLopinavirProtease InhibitorsSARS-CoV-2coronavirus proteinase inhibitorethylene derivativeheterocyclic compoundhydroxyethylene derivativelopinavir derivativeunclassified drugantivirus agentcysteine proteinasedipeptidehydroxyethylenephenylalanylphenylalanineproteinase inhibitorbinding sitecontrolled studyCoronavirinaedrug approvaldrug designdrug stabilitydrug structuredrug synthesisFood and Drug Administrationlife cyclenonhumanalpha-GlucosidasesDose-Response Relationship, DrugGlycoside Hydrolase InhibitorsKineticsModels, MolecularMolecular StructurePyrazolesQuinazolinonesSaccharomyces cerevisiaeStructure-Activity Relationshipalpha glucosidaseglycosidase inhibitorpyrazolepyrazole derivativequinazolinone derivativechemical structuredose responseenzymologymetabolismmolecular modelstructure activity relationsynthesisAcrylamidesAntineoplastic AgentsCell Line, TumorDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsDrug LiberationHydrogelsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationHyperthermiaMagnetite NanoparticlesMCF-7 CellsMethacrylatesMethotrexateNanogelsNeoplasmsParticle SizePolymersSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infraredcopolymerhydrogelmagnetite nanoparticlenanocompositeacrylamide derivativeantineoplastic agentdiethylaminoethyl methacrylatedrug carriermethacrylic acidN-isopropylacrylamidepolymerantineoplastic activityantiproliferative activitybreast cancer cell linecancer therapycell viabilitycontrolled drug releasecontrolled release formulationdrug cytotoxicitydrug delivery systemhuman cellhydrodynamicsin vitro studyincubation timelower critical solution temperaturemagnetic fieldpHphase transitionpolymerizationpriority journalsurvival ratetemperature dependencethermotherapydrug effectdrug releaseinfrared spectroscopyMCF-7 cell lineneoplasmtumor cell lineBinding SitesPhenolsProtein BindingSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsSemicarbazones1 [(1,3 dip tolyl 1h pyrazol 4 yl)methylene] 4 phenylsemicarbazide1 [(1,3 diphenyl 1h pyrazol 4 yl)methylene] 4 phenylsemicarbazide1 [[3 (4 hydroxyphenyl) 1 4 tolyl 1h pyrazol 4 yl]methylene] 4 phenylsemicarbazide1 [[3 (4 methoxyphenyl) 1 4 tolyl 1h pyrazol 4 yl]methylene] 4 phenylsemicarbazide1 [[3 (4 nitrophenyl) 1 4 tolyl 1h pyrazol 4 yl]methylene] 4 phenylsemicarbazide4 phenyl 1 [[1 phenyl 3 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 1h pyrazol 4 yl]methylene]semicarbazideacarbosealpha glucosidase inhibitorpyrazole phenyl semicarbazone derivativesemicarbazone derivativephenol derivativeSaccharomyces cerevisiae proteincomputer modelconcentration (parameter)cytotoxicitydrug screeningenzyme kineticsIC50root mean square deviationroot mean square fluctuationstatistical analysissubstitution reactionanimal experimentanimal modelanimal tissuebody weightbreast cancercancer growthcancer transplantationcell isolationeosinophilerythrocytehematocrithematological parametershemoglobin determinationhistopathologyin vivo studyleukocyte countlymphocytemean corpuscular hemoglobinmesenchymal stroma cellmicroscopymonocyte percentagemouseMTT assayneutrophilplatelet countred blood cell distribution widthsecretomicstumor microenvironmenttumor volumexenograftAcrylic monomersAmidesCell cultureEmulsificationEmulsion polymerizationIntegral equationsNanoparticlesSynthesis (chemical)Targeted drug deliveryDMAEMADual responsiveNIPAMPEgylationControlled drug deliveryAscorbic acidBinding energyCell deathFlow cytometryOxidantsPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsScaffolds (biology)Anti-cancerAnti-proliferative activitiesAntioxidant propertiesFlow cytometry analysisIndoleMorphological analysisStructural elementsThiosemicarbazonesDiseasesAntineoplastic Agents, PhytogenicBreast NeoplasmsCell ProliferationCell SurvivalDrug Screening Assays, AntitumorFemaleNanostructuresPaclitaxelSurface PropertiesTocopherolsalpha tocopherolcholesterolfolic acidmacrogolnanostructure lipid carrieroctadecylaminephosphatidylcholinepoloxamernanomaterialtocopherolcancer celldrug formulationdrug targetingemulsionevaporationnanoencapsulationproton nuclear magnetic resonancesustained drug releasezeta potentialbreast tumorpathologysurface propertyaptamerDNA aptamermonoclonal antibodyoligonucleotideRNA aptamerbiosensorcommercial phenomenadiagnostic accuracydiagnostic valuedrug half lifeearly diagnosisglomerulus filtrationhepatitis BHepatitis B virushepatitis CHepatitis C virusmedical technologypatentphysiological processReviewsymptomtreatment responsevirionenhanced green fluorescent proteinplasmid DNAEGFP geneEscherichia coliexpression vectorgenetic transfectionHEK293 cell linehuman cell cultureLIN28 geneNANOG geneOCT4 geneplasmidprotein expressionreporter genereverse transcription polymerase chain reactionRNA extractionSOX2 genestoichiometryWestern blottingarginineaspartic acidchimeric proteinglutamic acidlysineNRC peptidepolypeptide antibiotic agentprotein p28amino acid sequencecomputer programdrug potentiationprotein functionstructural modeltheoretical modelcelecoxibnanocarrierpoly(dextro lactideglycolide)nanoparticleA549 cell linelung cancernanoemulsionnanofabricationnanopharmaceuticsprocess optimizationspray dryingTaguchi designCopolymersCritical micelle concentrationDrug productsNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyCarrier for deliveriesCritical micelle concentration (cmc)DicyclohexylcarbodiimideDoxorubicinDrug-loading efficiencyPluronicsPoly (methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid)MicellesBinding, CompetitiveColorectal NeoplasmsDextransEtoposideFluorescenceInhibitory Concentration 50Microscopy, Electron, TransmissionProton Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyStearatesdextrandextran stearatenanoparticlestearic acidmicellestearic acid derivativecolorectal cancercolorectal carcinomadrug conjugationdrug diffusiondrug uptakeIC 50binding competitioncolorectal tumordrug effectstransmission electron microscopyFerric CompoundsTretinoinferric ionferric oxideretinoic acidMCF 7 cell linecyclooxygenase 2DNA fragmentapoptosiscancer cell culturecancer resistancecolon cancerDNA fragmentationlipophilicityovary canceruterine cervix canceracetonealcoholdichloromethanemethanolplant extracttaxane derivativeTaxus baccata extractcancer cell lineculture mediumextractionHeLa cell linehigh performance thin layer chromatographyK562 cell line4 acetamido 4 fluorophenyl benzenesulfonamide4 acetamido 4 methoxyphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 acetamido 4 methylphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 acetamido 4 phenyl enzenesulfonamide4 amino 4 fluorophenyl benzenesulfonamide4 amino 4 methoxyphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 amino 4 methylphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 amino 4 phenyl benzenesulfonamide4 azido 4 fluorophenyl benzenesulfonamide4 azido 4 methoxyphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 azido 4 methylphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 azido 4 phenyl benzenesulfonamide4 methyl sulfamido 4 fluorophenyl benzenesulfonamide4 methyl sulfamido 4 methoxyphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 methyl sulfamido 4 methylphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 methyl sulfamido 4 phenyl benzenesulfonamidesulfonamidecancer cell destructioncell strain MCF 7HeLa cellConiferophytaCupressusCupressus sempervirensPlatycladusPlatycladus orientalisTaxusTaxus baccata3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromideCupressus sempervirens extractcytotoxic agentPlatycladus orientalis extractbarkcell assaycell strain KBcell strain MDA MB 468coniferdrug identificationdrug isolationfruitIranMink cell focus-forming virus17 aminoxyestrone doxorubicin prodrug3 estrone dodecanedioyl ester doxorubicin prodrugdoxorubicin dodecanedioyl esterestrogen receptorestrone 17 aminododecane doxorubicin prodrugestrone adipoyl ester doxorubicin prodrugprodrugcarbon nuclear magnetic resonancecardiomyopathycell strain K 562chemosensitivitydrug potencydrug selectivitymass spectrometryhesa ametal complexmetal oxidenatural productanimal cellbreast adenocarcinomaconcentration responseethnopharmacologylarynx carcinomapowdertabletuterine cervix carcinomaX ray fluorescencealexithymiacase control studycoping behaviorcoping response indexGeneral Health Questionnairehealthmajor clinical studynamed inventories, questionnaires and rating scalesprospective studyskin diseaseToronto Alexithymia scaleAir PollutantsEnvironmental MonitoringHealth StatusMeteorological ConceptsOzoneTehran [Iran]Atmospheric humidityAtmosphericsSunAir temperatureDiurnal cycleGround-level ozoneHuman healthIndustrial cityMeteorological conditionMeteorological factorsMeteorological parametersOzone levelsRelative humiditiesWind directionsWind speedconcentration (composition)guidelinehealth impactrelative humiditysolar radiationurban atmospherewind directionwind velocityWorld Health Organizationair quality controlambient aircircadian rhythmconcentration (parameters)environmental parametershumidityindustrializationmeteorologypractice guidelineresidential areawindAir pollutionArabian SeaIndian OceanPersian GulfAtmospheric pressureRegression analysisSea levelVelocity measurementannual variationgyreseasonal variationtemperature profilethermal expansionthermohaline circulationtide gaugeupwellingInterannual variabilitySeasonal circulationSeasonal cyclesdThermosteric levelsair-sea interactionatmospheric forcingsea level changespectral analysisAgedBehavior TherapyCognitionCognitive Behavioral TherapyResearch DesignResilience, Psychologicalcase reportclinical articleeffect sizeexperimental designexperimental studyfollow uphuman experimentmalepsychological resiliencemethodologyacceptance and commitment therapyanxietyChronic Pain Acceptance Questionnairepainpain assessmentpain intensityPain Intensity ScalePain Related Anxiety Symptoms Scalequestionnairerandomized controlled trialadulthospitalmiddle agedmigraineprevalencetension headacheworkcorrelation analysisdescriptive researchdisease classificationDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug DiscoveryGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics Simulationglucagon like peptide 1 receptorglucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonistantidiabetic agentArticlecardiotoxicitycardiovascular diseasecardiovascular riskclinical outcomediabetes mellitusdiabetic patientdrug developmentheart failurehumanhydrogen bondmedicinal chemistrymolecular dockingmolecular dynamicsnon insulin dependent diabetes mellitusoutcome assessmentpharmacophoreprotein structurerisk factorTetrahymena pyriformistoxicitychemistrydrug therapyproceduresCatalystsChemical reactionsCopper compoundsMicrowave irradiationNanocompositesSilica gelAbemaciclibAnti-tumorsC-N cross-couplingCross coupling reactionsCross-couplingsCu-freeFedratinibMagnetic catalystsSynthesisedMolecular modelingAntiviral AgentsCoronavirus 3C ProteasesCoronavirus Protease InhibitorsCOVID-19Cysteine EndopeptidasesDipeptidesEthylenesLopinavirProtease InhibitorsSARS-CoV-2coronavirus proteinase inhibitorethylene derivativeheterocyclic compoundhydroxyethylene derivativelopinavir derivativeunclassified drugantivirus agentcysteine proteinasedipeptidehydroxyethylenephenylalanylphenylalanineproteinase inhibitorbinding sitecontrolled studyCoronavirinaedrug approvaldrug designdrug stabilitydrug structuredrug synthesisFood and Drug Administrationlife cyclenonhumanalpha-GlucosidasesDose-Response Relationship, DrugGlycoside Hydrolase InhibitorsKineticsModels, MolecularMolecular StructurePyrazolesQuinazolinonesSaccharomyces cerevisiaeStructure-Activity Relationshipalpha glucosidaseglycosidase inhibitorpyrazolepyrazole derivativequinazolinone derivativechemical structuredose responseenzymologymetabolismmolecular modelstructure activity relationsynthesisAcrylamidesAntineoplastic AgentsCell Line, TumorDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsDrug LiberationHydrogelsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationHyperthermiaMagnetite NanoparticlesMCF-7 CellsMethacrylatesMethotrexateNanogelsNeoplasmsParticle SizePolymersSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infraredcopolymerhydrogelmagnetite nanoparticlenanocompositeacrylamide derivativeantineoplastic agentdiethylaminoethyl methacrylatedrug carriermethacrylic acidN-isopropylacrylamidepolymerantineoplastic activityantiproliferative activitybreast cancer cell linecancer therapycell viabilitycontrolled drug releasecontrolled release formulationdrug cytotoxicitydrug delivery systemhuman cellhydrodynamicsin vitro studyincubation timelower critical solution temperaturemagnetic fieldpHphase transitionpolymerizationpriority journalsurvival ratetemperature dependencethermotherapydrug effectdrug releaseinfrared spectroscopyMCF-7 cell lineneoplasmtumor cell lineBinding SitesPhenolsProtein BindingSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsSemicarbazones1 [(1,3 dip tolyl 1h pyrazol 4 yl)methylene] 4 phenylsemicarbazide1 [(1,3 diphenyl 1h pyrazol 4 yl)methylene] 4 phenylsemicarbazide1 [[3 (4 hydroxyphenyl) 1 4 tolyl 1h pyrazol 4 yl]methylene] 4 phenylsemicarbazide1 [[3 (4 methoxyphenyl) 1 4 tolyl 1h pyrazol 4 yl]methylene] 4 phenylsemicarbazide1 [[3 (4 nitrophenyl) 1 4 tolyl 1h pyrazol 4 yl]methylene] 4 phenylsemicarbazide4 phenyl 1 [[1 phenyl 3 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 1h pyrazol 4 yl]methylene]semicarbazideacarbosealpha glucosidase inhibitorpyrazole phenyl semicarbazone derivativesemicarbazone derivativephenol derivativeSaccharomyces cerevisiae proteincomputer modelconcentration (parameter)cytotoxicitydrug screeningenzyme kineticsIC50root mean square deviationroot mean square fluctuationstatistical analysissubstitution reactionanimal experimentanimal modelanimal tissuebody weightbreast cancercancer growthcancer transplantationcell isolationeosinophilerythrocytehematocrithematological parametershemoglobin determinationhistopathologyin vivo studyleukocyte countlymphocytemean corpuscular hemoglobinmesenchymal stroma cellmicroscopymonocyte percentagemouseMTT assayneutrophilplatelet countred blood cell distribution widthsecretomicstumor microenvironmenttumor volumexenograftAcrylic monomersAmidesCell cultureEmulsificationEmulsion polymerizationIntegral equationsNanoparticlesSynthesis (chemical)Targeted drug deliveryDMAEMADual responsiveNIPAMPEgylationControlled drug deliveryAscorbic acidBinding energyCell deathFlow cytometryOxidantsPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsScaffolds (biology)Anti-cancerAnti-proliferative activitiesAntioxidant propertiesFlow cytometry analysisIndoleMorphological analysisStructural elementsThiosemicarbazonesDiseasesAntineoplastic Agents, PhytogenicBreast NeoplasmsCell ProliferationCell SurvivalDrug Screening Assays, AntitumorFemaleNanostructuresPaclitaxelSurface PropertiesTocopherolsalpha tocopherolcholesterolfolic acidmacrogolnanostructure lipid carrieroctadecylaminephosphatidylcholinepoloxamernanomaterialtocopherolcancer celldrug formulationdrug targetingemulsionevaporationnanoencapsulationproton nuclear magnetic resonancesustained drug releasezeta potentialbreast tumorpathologysurface propertyaptamerDNA aptamermonoclonal antibodyoligonucleotideRNA aptamerbiosensorcommercial phenomenadiagnostic accuracydiagnostic valuedrug half lifeearly diagnosisglomerulus filtrationhepatitis BHepatitis B virushepatitis CHepatitis C virusmedical technologypatentphysiological processReviewsymptomtreatment responsevirionenhanced green fluorescent proteinplasmid DNAEGFP geneEscherichia coliexpression vectorgenetic transfectionHEK293 cell linehuman cell cultureLIN28 geneNANOG geneOCT4 geneplasmidprotein expressionreporter genereverse transcription polymerase chain reactionRNA extractionSOX2 genestoichiometryWestern blottingarginineaspartic acidchimeric proteinglutamic acidlysineNRC peptidepolypeptide antibiotic agentprotein p28amino acid sequencecomputer programdrug potentiationprotein functionstructural modeltheoretical modelcelecoxibnanocarrierpoly(dextro lactideglycolide)nanoparticleA549 cell linelung cancernanoemulsionnanofabricationnanopharmaceuticsprocess optimizationspray dryingTaguchi designCopolymersCritical micelle concentrationDrug productsNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyCarrier for deliveriesCritical micelle concentration (cmc)DicyclohexylcarbodiimideDoxorubicinDrug-loading efficiencyPluronicsPoly (methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid)MicellesBinding, CompetitiveColorectal NeoplasmsDextransEtoposideFluorescenceInhibitory Concentration 50Microscopy, Electron, TransmissionProton Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyStearatesdextrandextran stearatenanoparticlestearic acidmicellestearic acid derivativecolorectal cancercolorectal carcinomadrug conjugationdrug diffusiondrug uptakeIC 50binding competitioncolorectal tumordrug effectstransmission electron microscopyFerric CompoundsTretinoinferric ionferric oxideretinoic acidMCF 7 cell linecyclooxygenase 2DNA fragmentapoptosiscancer cell culturecancer resistancecolon cancerDNA fragmentationlipophilicityovary canceruterine cervix canceracetonealcoholdichloromethanemethanolplant extracttaxane derivativeTaxus baccata extractcancer cell lineculture mediumextractionHeLa cell linehigh performance thin layer chromatographyK562 cell line4 acetamido 4 fluorophenyl benzenesulfonamide4 acetamido 4 methoxyphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 acetamido 4 methylphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 acetamido 4 phenyl enzenesulfonamide4 amino 4 fluorophenyl benzenesulfonamide4 amino 4 methoxyphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 amino 4 methylphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 amino 4 phenyl benzenesulfonamide4 azido 4 fluorophenyl benzenesulfonamide4 azido 4 methoxyphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 azido 4 methylphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 azido 4 phenyl benzenesulfonamide4 methyl sulfamido 4 fluorophenyl benzenesulfonamide4 methyl sulfamido 4 methoxyphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 methyl sulfamido 4 methylphenyl benzenesulfonamide4 methyl sulfamido 4 phenyl benzenesulfonamidesulfonamidecancer cell destructioncell strain MCF 7HeLa cellConiferophytaCupressusCupressus sempervirensPlatycladusPlatycladus orientalisTaxusTaxus baccata3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromideCupressus sempervirens extractcytotoxic agentPlatycladus orientalis extractbarkcell assaycell strain KBcell strain MDA MB 468coniferdrug identificationdrug isolationfruitIranMink cell focus-forming virus17 aminoxyestrone doxorubicin prodrug3 estrone dodecanedioyl ester doxorubicin prodrugdoxorubicin dodecanedioyl esterestrogen receptorestrone 17 aminododecane doxorubicin prodrugestrone adipoyl ester doxorubicin prodrugprodrugcarbon nuclear magnetic resonancecardiomyopathycell strain K 562chemosensitivitydrug potencydrug selectivitymass spectrometryhesa ametal complexmetal oxidenatural productanimal cellbreast adenocarcinomaconcentration responseethnopharmacologylarynx carcinomapowdertabletuterine cervix carcinomaX ray fluorescencealexithymiacase control studycoping behaviorcoping response indexGeneral Health Questionnairehealthmajor clinical studynamed inventories, questionnaires and rating scalesprospective studyskin diseaseToronto Alexithymia scaleAir PollutantsEnvironmental MonitoringHealth StatusMeteorological ConceptsOzoneTehran [Iran]Atmospheric humidityAtmosphericsSunAir temperatureDiurnal cycleGround-level ozoneHuman healthIndustrial cityMeteorological conditionMeteorological factorsMeteorological parametersOzone levelsRelative humiditiesWind directionsWind speedconcentration (composition)guidelinehealth impactrelative humiditysolar radiationurban atmospherewind directionwind velocityWorld Health Organizationair quality controlambient aircircadian rhythmconcentration (parameters)environmental parametershumidityindustrializationmeteorologypractice guidelineresidential areawindAir pollutionArabian SeaIndian OceanPersian GulfAtmospheric pressureRegression analysisSea levelVelocity measurementannual variationgyreseasonal variationtemperature profilethermal expansionthermohaline circulationtide gaugeupwellingInterannual variabilitySeasonal circulationSeasonal cyclesdThermosteric levelsair-sea interactionatmospheric forcingsea level changespectral analysisAgedBehavior TherapyCognitionCognitive Behavioral TherapyResearch DesignResilience, Psychologicalcase reportclinical articleeffect sizeexperimental designexperimental studyfollow uphuman experimentmalepsychological resiliencemethodologyacceptance and commitment therapyanxietyChronic Pain Acceptance Questionnairepainpain assessmentpain intensityPain Intensity ScalePain Related Anxiety Symptoms Scalequestionnairerandomized controlled trialadulthospitalmiddle agedmigraineprevalencetension headacheworkcorrelation analysisdescriptive researchdisease classificationDiagnosisInformation retrievalInformation usePopulation statisticsDemographic variablesExpert knowledgeHealth professionalsInformation literacyInformation seeking behaviorsMental healthMental health servicesSelf evaluationSkill levelsState and trait anxietySurveysBiological organsBiomagnetismCarbon nanotubesCellsComputation theoryCytologyFrequency domain analysisMagnetic nanoparticlesMembranesComputational approachDynamics equationInteraction forcesLarge surface areaMagnetic field profileSystemic deliveriesTime and frequency domainsTrajectory manipulationAnimalsBrain InjuriesDouble-Blind MethodDrugs, Chinese HerbalMedicine, Chinese TraditionalPilot ProjectsTreatment OutcomeChinese medicinal formulamlc 901neuroaidiineuroprotective agentherbaceous agentNeuroaidabdominal discomfortbrain functionbrain injuryChinese medicinedisability severitydouble blind proceduredrug efficacyGlasgow outcome scaleheart arresthypoxic ischemic encephalopathyintensive care unitlength of staynauseaneuroprotectionphysical disabilitypilot studyRankin scaleresuscitationreturn of spontaneous circulationsepticemiaxerostomiaanimal4-AminopyridineMethylprednisoloneMultiple SclerosisMyelitis, TransversePotassium Channel Blockersfampridinepotassium channel blocking agentacute transverse myelitisadd on therapyBarthel indexcorticosteroid therapydaily life activityhospital admissionquadriplegiaquality of lifeunspecified side effectcomplicationmyelitisBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesPrognosisVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Avasculotropinbiological markervasculotropin Ademographydrug pulse therapyenzyme linked immunosorbent assaymyelooptic neuropathynuclear magnetic resonance imagingpredictionprotein blood levelremissionyoung adultAdjuvants, ImmunologicDisability EvaluationInjections, SubcutaneousInterferon beta-1aMultiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingRetrospective StudiesSeverity of Illness IndexSurveys and Questionnairesbeta1a interferonimmunological adjuvantExpanded Disability Status Scalelong term caremultiple sclerosis international quality of life questionnaireobservational studyquality of life assessmentShort Form 36clinical trialdisabilitymulticenter studyphase 4 clinical trialpsychologyretrospective studysubcutaneous drug administrationAnaerobic digestionBiogasChemical analysisDeveloping countriesMethaneSeparationSource separationBio-methane potential testBiogas productionDry anaerobic digestionsIsfahanMechanicalMethane potentialOrganic fraction of municipal solid wastesPhysical and chemical analysisTotal solidsVolatile solidMunicipal solid wasteAlgorithmsGroup theoryResource allocationStructural optimizationBC-MAC dualityBroadcast channelsDirty paper codingDynamic spectrum managementInterference channelsTomlinson-Harashima pre-coder (THP)vectoringTelecommunication linesComputational complexityComputer simulationDecision feedback equalizersMean square errorModemsOptimizationTelephone linesTransmittersDecision feedbackDigital subscriber linesdynamic spectrum management (DSM)interference channel (IF)Multiple access channelsDSLBit error rateComparators (optical)Correlation detectorsFiber optic networksLimitersPhotodetectorsProbabilityPulse position modulationRadio communicationChip-level detectorCorrelation receiverElectrical hard-limiterOptical code division multiple accessCode division multiple accessaccuracybiological modelbone densitybone strengthcementationclinical practicecomputer assisted tomographycurettagedecision support systemdistal femurEditorialfinite element analysisfracture risk assessmentimage processingorthopedic surgeryproximal femurrigidityvoxel based morphometryAspect ratioCapacitanceMagnetic fieldsMagnetometersThermal noiseAnalytical optimizationsInduction coilsOptimum parametersParasitic capacitanceResonance frequenciesSearch coil magnetometersState of the artWeight ratiosSignal to noise ratioAluminaAluminum oxideElectronic density of statesElectronic structureEnergy gapMetalsOxygenAluminum cationCationic vacancyElectron cloudsExchange potentialsLocal orbitalsOxygen atomPorous metal oxidesValence-band maximumsDensity functional theory