Synthesis, characterization, and bioactivity evaluation of biphasic calcium phosphate nanopowder containing 5.0 mol% strontium, 0.6 mol% magnesium, and 0.2 mol% silicon for bone regeneration

Abstract

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramics have shown efficacy for bone repair because of their controllable degradation rate that can be modified by chemical composition and phase ratio. To develop a new BCP ceramic in this work, 5.0 Sr, 0.6 Mg, and 0.2 Si (all in mol%) triple-substituted BCP powder was synthesized and calcined at 550 to 750 °C. The obtained results confirmed the presence of substituted ions in the product and also showed that powder calcined at 650 °C consisted of hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanoparticles with a weight ratio of ~ 60/40. The apatite layer with a rod-like morphology was formed on the surface of the sample fabricated from this powder after 28 days of soaking in SBF at ~ 37 °C. Also, the substituted ions showed positive effects on viability and the alkaline phosphatase activity of MG63 cells. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Materials Research Society.