The current natural/chemical materials and innovative technologies in periodontal diseases therapy and regeneration: A narrative review

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a persistent condition that damages tooth-related structures and causes tooth loss. It can be seen as gingivitis or periodontitis. Approximately 80% of adults suffer from gingivitis worldwide. Bacteria are essential for the development of this destructive disease. Although many of these bacteria are normal oral microflora, some risk factors help them produce biofilm, which causes inflammation in the oral cavity. Numerous therapeutic approaches are used to treat periodontal disease, minimize its symptoms, and possibly restore lost tissues, including behavioral-change techniques, systemic and local chemical drugs (chlorhexidine, zinc oxide, and silver-containing materials), and different kinds of surgeries. Natural materials comprise various chemical structures that have several biological activities. Therefore, they are at the center of attention in this decade. Herbal medicines have been used to manage periodontal disease, owing to their general safety and efficacy. Some of these studies are performed on volunteer patients, and some of them on laboratory animals. In this review, the results of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial studies (Recent decade) of chemical and herbal medicinal materials were collected to treat periodontal diseases to help future studies. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd