Firouzkouhi, M.,
Alimohammadi n., N.,
Kako, M.,
Abdollahimohammad, A.,
Bagheri g., ,
Nouraei, M. Ethics, Medicine and Public Health (23525533)18
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a social problem. Nurses face ethical challenges in providing care activities related to COVID-19. Aim: Therefore, this study aimed to explore the ethical challenges of nurses in COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This is an integrative review study conducted from 2007 to 2020. Databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science were searched. The results of the eligible studies (12 cases) were analyzed. Results: A total of 228 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria, and 12 articles were selected for analysis. The study units showed that the ethical challenges of nurses in caring for patients with COVID-19 consisted of three areas, including nursing; patient and family; and treatment equipment and facilities. Conclusion: Providing care for patients with COVID-19 pandemic has increased nurses’ ethical challenges. Therefore, nurses need to pay more attention to not face psychological problems and premature burnout. © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS
Politics and Religion Journal (18206581)14(1)pp. 85-101
The necessity for peaceful coexistence today makes clearer the requirement for study on tolerance. The vast region from Central Asia-Khorasan to the Balkans has had its ups and downs for centuries in the study of its historical geography. The diversity of nations and tribes along this path highlights the attention to common cultural components. Meanwhile, the existence of various Sufi groups throughout the history in the region has a special character. The idea of Sufism was essentially based on tolerance and grew into a Peaceful coexistence. However, various Sufi groups have experienced violence at historic junctures by entering the political arena. But it must be said that the distinction between cultural and ideological Sufism has shown peaceful life. This article endeavor to introduce the Sufism growth and development in different regions so that a significant and plausible path can be drawn as a Sufi Road. In addition, the legacy of Sufism has been activated by its cultural image in the areas in question, showing many similarities between different Sufi groups in various countries. The homogeny among the cultural components of Sufism in the geography of the region are a way for dialogue. As a result, one can experience cultural exchange in the form of coexistence and tolerance. © 2020 Authors. Center for Study of Religion and Religious Tolerance, Belgrade, Serbia.
Firouzkouhi, M.,
Zargham-boroujeni, A.,
Nouraei, M.,
Rahnama m., ,
Babaiepur m., Journal of Military Medicine (17357667)17(3)pp. 127-136
Aims: This study aimed to study the effects of imposed war on nursing in Iran, in the midand post-war eras. Methods: This study was done using historical research methodology and oral history method, with in depth reviews. Eighteen nurses who had participated in war were interviewed in order to elaborate on their experiences of war. Results: The themes extracted from the nurses interviews were: introduction of male nurses, the nursing curriculum change due to war, professional deployment of nurses in the second half of war, improving the management skills of the nurses, improvement of the professional nursing, augmenting the emergency and intensive care centers, all of which were presented in narration. Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study, several aspects of war caused many changes in nursing. Skilled nurses were introduced during war who led nursing to being professional and developed.
Firouzkouhi, M.,
Zargham-boroujeni, A.,
Nouraei, M.,
Yousefi, H.,
Holmes, C.A. International Emergency Nursing (1878013X)21(2)pp. 123-128
Background: Nurses have played a major role in taking care of the wounded across the centuries. One of the most important roles of Iranian nurses in wartime has been working in chemical emergency departments. This study investigated the nature of nursing practice in chemical emergency departments created in the context of the Iran-Iraq War fought during 1980-1988. Method: This is a history methodology design with oral history and in-depth interview to detect nurses 'actual experiences in chemical emergency departments while taking care of the chemically injured military forces. Findings: Today's nurses emphasize finding new ways to fulfill the present nursing needs and to combine theory and practice in an appropriate framework.Having a retrospective approach to utilize nurses' experience can well clarify the future way to achieve this goal. Conclusion: This study revealed the way the nurses prepared to take care of the chemically injured in miserable situations and their practice in chemical emergency departments. It highlighted their awareness of wartime nursing and the challenging experiences it brings. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Iranian Studies (00210862)46(3)pp. 415-442
This article reveals the story of Russia's attempts to colonize Astarabad and Mazanderan provinces of Iran in the early twentieth century. By backing and sponsoring Russian settlements there, the Russian government sought to eventually annex the territories in the northeast of Iran. Drawing on Russian and Iranian sources, the article follows the development of the settlements from their spontaneous beginning in 1907 to a state-supported colonization project by 1914. After the Russian government tried to accelerate colonization of the occupied Iranian territories during the First World War, this ambitious project came to an end with the Bolshevik coup of 1917. © 2013 The International Society for Iranian Studies.
Firouzkouhi, M.,
Zargham-boroujeni, A.,
Nouraei, M.,
Yousefi, H.,
Holmes, C.A. Contemporary Nurse (10376178)44(2)pp. 225-231
Background: During the 8 years of Iran-Iraq war, the work of Iranian nurses was essential and efficiently performed, and played a very important role in maintaining the wellbeing of the forces. A review of nurses' activities reveals their experiences and the nature of their activities, an area of study that has not been given due consideration. Method: By adopting the oral history method and in-depth interviews with the participating nurses it was possible to demonstrate the significance and humanistic nature of their work. Findings: The majority of the health care assistants and nurses who joined the armed forces, despite not having prior training in this area of nursing, were able to adapt themselves to the situation very quickly and perform their task successfully. Conclusion: Nurses' efforts and experiences and their outstanding achievement, contributes to our understanding of wartime nursing. © eContent Management Pty Ltd.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (14740591)21(2)pp. 131-145
The issue of the purchase of land in one country, in this case Iran, by other countries, in this case Britain and Russia, is one of great significance because of light it may throw on the strength or weakness of national sovereignty, and the ways and degree to which it may be undermined.1 It can also show the strategies deployed by the country challenged to protect its territorial integrity, as here in the case of Iran. The intricacies of foreign landownership patterns thus have implications for international relations, on which they can provide telling detail in terms of contemporary power politics. The details of land purchase also demonstrate considerable differences as between the two outside powers involved in terms of their objectives in Iran, and thus challenge a tendency in the literature to see them as similar. At the same time, from this particular study, Qajar Iran, which is so often represented as weak, näýve and ineffectual in the face of the challenge of great power intervention, emerges as having dealt skilfully with this particular form of intrusion with a variety of stratagems that were not without success for much of the nineteenth century. Finally, the whole issue can be demonstrated as having become inextricably entwined with internal policies of reform which sought to strengthen the government of Iran by centralisation and growing taxation on those who were hitherto exempt. This movement, however, which occurs late in the period, that is to say in the early twentieth century, was to stall during its very weak second decade. Despite the significance of the subject of foreign land ownership and tenancies in Iran in the Qajar period, no detailed study of it exists. Issawi notes that there was a considerable amount of land purchase in Astarabad, Gilan and Azerbaijan byRussian subjects,who became settled there during the second half of the nineteenth century.2 In 1864 Eastwick observed that Gilan was the residence of a large number of Russian prot́eǵees.3 They were especially dominant in Rasht, where they held entire villages by right of mortgage. However, as will be shown, the picture was more complex than it appeared, it varied from region to region, and in particular there was a contrast between the north and the British-dominated south. The nature of the claims of foreigners on land also evolved over time, much depending on the impact of the central government and of foreign trade. Within this framework the present study sets out to examine broadly the ways in which land was acquired between the signing of the Treaty of Turkmanchai in 1828 and the breakdown of Iranian government central control by 1911. It will consider not only claims and ownership themselves, but also the ways in which land was acquired and by what rights, including the legal arguments deployed for and against foreign ownership and leaseholds. It is hoped that the article will thereby trace changes in Iran both in terms of foreign relationships and influence, and in internal development. © 2011 The Royal Asiatic Society.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (14740591)16(1)pp. 29-41
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (14740591)16(2)pp. 151-163
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (14740591)15(3)pp. 261-277
