A review of the function and molecular structure of neurotrophins

Abstract

Neurotrophins have been recognized as the main trophic factors in the nervous system. They are a broad family of polypeptide growth factors and the main factors responsible for the modulation of synaptic development. They share a common basic structure but in certain areas which connect to their specific receptors. Thus, they execute different actions triggering survival or apoptosis pathways. One way to increase the activity of neurotrophins in different synapses and neurons is increasing the number of respective receptors on the cell surface. The main member of this family is Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor that is constructed by neurons, especially those located in the hippocampus and cortex which are involved in learning and memory. Thereby, its expression is regulated by central neurotransmitter and peripheral hormones. Many of the brain abilities to adapt or change in response to experiences or the environment depend on the synaptic neuronal plasticity and connections. However, the molecular mechanisms that translate neuronal activity patterns for specific changes in synapses are not clearly understood. © 2014, Iranian Neurogenetics Society. All rights reserved.