Comparison of spinal column curvatures in triathlon athletes and non-athletes

Abstract

Background: Triathlon is a popular sport match that combines swimming, cycling, and running into a single event. During each stage, athletes have specific positions which may affect their spinal curvatures. The aim of this study was to compare forward head posture, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis in triathlon athletes and non-athletes. Methods: This study included 40 Iranian male triathlon athletes and 40 non-athletes. Each athlete had to complete a questionnaire about training procedures and his experience of participation in a triathlon. The degrees of forward head, kyphosis, and lordosis were measured using a goniometer and a flexible ruler. Findings: The mean degree of forward head in triathlon athletes (44.58° ± 7.11°) was significantly (about 20%) greater than non-athletes (28.55° ± 7.24°). A significant difference was observed in mean kyphosis between triathlon athletes and non-athletes (45.86° ± 6.68° vs. 43.03° ± 5.6°). However, no significant difference was found between triathlon athletes and non-athletes in mean lordosis (32.96° ± 5.85° vs. 33.76° ± 4.16°). Conclusion: It can be concluded that posing specific postures during the 3 stages of a triathlon increases forward head posture and kyphosis among athletes. Therefore, stretching and strengthening exercises are recommended to prevent athletes from developing these abnormalities.