[1,2]-sets and [1,2]-total sets in trees with algorithms

Abstract

A set S⊆V of the graph G=(V,E) is called a [1,2]-set of G if any vertex which is not in S has at least one but no more than two neighbors in S. A set S'⊆V is called a [1,2]-total set of G if any vertex of G, no matter in S' or not, is adjacent to at least one but not more than two vertices in S'. In this paper we introduce a linear algorithm for finding the cardinality of the smallest [1,2]-sets and [1,2]-total sets of a tree and extend it to a more generalized version for [i,j]-sets, a generalization of [1,2]-sets. This answers one of the open problems proposed in Chellali et al. (2013). Then since not all trees have [1,2]-total sets, we devise a recursive method for generating all the trees that do have such sets. This method also constructs every [1,2]-total set of each tree that it generates. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.