Publication Date: 2008
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (03405354)pp. 78-78
The refuge and its rights are considered as one of the controversial categories and issues of the human rights. In this regard, the Geneva International Convention and the attached protocol can be referred as the most important international document and the most important and valuable measurement criterion related to the refugees. In this research, the rules of Iran and Australia under the Geneva Convention and the attached protocol are compared, that the Iran and Australia's government have joined it. It seems that considering the accession of both Iran and Australia countries to the Geneva Convention, the domestic rules of these countries are perfectly conformed to this international document. Also, it seems that considering the reports of the Australia human rights commission and other defenders' authorities of human rights, the approval of the Australia new rule about prohibition of the arrival of the refugees who arrived by boat illegally on seashore of this country and transferring them to other countries, is contrary to the principle of not returning , that has been mentioned in the related documents.
Publication Date: 2024
Computational Condensed Matter (23522143)39
In this study, the structural, elastic, vibrational, electronic, optical, thermodynamic, and thermoelectric properties of the chalcogenide ternary Y2ZnX4 (Y = In, Ga; X = S, Se) compounds are comprehensively investigated using the pseudopotential plane-wave (PP-PW) and full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) methods. The analysis of elastic and vibrational properties reveals the dynamic and mechanical stability of these compounds. The calculated energy band gaps, ranging from 1.47 eV (Ga2ZnSe4) to 2.55 eV (In2ZnS4) in the visible spectrum, decrease as X atoms are substituted with S to Se. All examined compounds demonstrate favorable optical absorption (α > 105 cm−1) in the ultraviolet region. Notably, Ga2ZnSe4 exhibits absorption red-shift towards the visible region at hν = 2.76 eV due to its lower energy band gap, making it a promising candidate for solar cells. The three-dimensional representation of Young's modulus indicates significant deviation from sphericity, revealing anisotropic behavior in all compounds. Pugh's ratio, Poisson's ratio, and Cauchy's pressure analysis suggest ductile behavior in all four chalcogenide ternary compounds. Additionally, all compounds, except In2ZnS4, display auxetic properties. Finally, the calculated thermoelectric properties identify Ga2ZnS4 and In2ZnS4 as promising candidates for high-performance thermoelectric applications, with high Seebeck coefficients of 1848 and 1936 μV/K, respectively, and ZT values approaching unit. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Publication Date: 2023
2023 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA 2023) (10504729)pp. 12624-12630
With the increasing demand for new healthcare solutions and technologies, such as those resulting from the COVID-19 crisis, and the growing elderly population, exoskeletons for teleoperation are a promising solution for many future medical applications. In this context, we propose two forcesensitive upper-limb exoskeletons for teleoperation, that are characterized by: i) torque-controlled robotic actuators, ii) rigid-body model compensations, and iii) a lightweight design achieved through the use of Bowden cable transmissions and remotely placed actuators. Specifically, we present a semi-active upper-limb exoskeleton for which we demonstrate humandevice interaction control and bilateral teleoperation with forcefeedback, evaluated via simulation, in the lab and over the Internet. We also introduce a design for a future fully-active upper-limb exoskeleton with two contact force/torque sensors, for a dual-arm device, which features a novel 3-degrees-offreedom exoskeleton shoulder design and a contact wrench mitigation controller, as demonstrated through simulation. With this work, we propose the essential technical steps towards a novel teleoperation system for elderly care.
Publication Date: 2012
WOMENS HISTORY REVIEW (09612025)(2)pp. 233-252
The emergence of a genuine civil society with its democratic elements is of significant importance in furthering women's rights. This article explores the interrelation between democratization and the women's movement in Iran. In view of the fact that the pursuance of women's rights itself is part of the process of democratization, it is demonstrated that the fulfillment of women's rights cannot be postponed until the emergence of an ideal society, that is, an open society. This article also examines how the women's press, in the absence of a proper political party system, has become a key space wherein the debates about women's issues have been articulated.
Publication Date: 2021
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism (15571947)34(10)pp. 2471-2477
Two single-phase iron and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles and a bi-magnetic soft/hard nanostructure of Fe3O4/CoFe2O4 were synthesized through the coprecipitation method at 80 °C. Also, a sample is made just by mixing the two single-phase ferrite nanoparticles. Assessment through XRD indicates that spinel structure was formed in all samples. The mean crystallite sizes of the single phase ferrites were estimated by applying Williamson–Hall method on the XRD patterns, which are 9 and 16 for iron and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, respectively. The TEM results confirmed the formation of the spherical core/shell nanostructure with narrow size distribution (47 nm). The study of the different magnetic properties (HC, MS, TB, and TC) indicates that the magnetic behavior of the exchange coupled core/shell nanostructure was significantly different from that of the physically mixed sample. This difference is a fingerprint to distinguish an exchange coupled core/shell nanostructure from a physical mixture. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Publication Date: 2009
SOUTHEAST ASIAN BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICS (01292021)(2)pp. 207-208
In this short note, we prove that an element a of an infinite group is central if and only if aX boolean AND Xa not equal (empty set) for all infinite subsets X.
Publication Date: 2013
International Journal Of Engineering (10252495)(6)pp. 577-585
Adders and multipliers are two main parts of arithmetic units of computer hardware and play important role in reversible computations. This paper introduces a novel reversible 4x4 multiplier circuit that is based on an advanced Partial Product Generation Circuits (PPGC) with Peres gates only without duplicating gates. Again, an optimized Peres full adder reversible gate is used in Reversible Parallel Adder (RPA) part with accompaniment with the carry save adder technique. Comparison of the proposed design with previous ones shows that the proposed reversible multiplier improves the quantum parameters. The proposed design shows lower quantum cost and depth with the help of a novel design in PPGC. The circuit cost of the proposed design is a little higher than the best compared design, but the proposed design shows the lowest total cost which is defined as sum of quantum cost and circuit cost. Moreover, the number of gates, garbage input and output has no change regarding to the best compared design. The proposed multiplier can be generalized as an nxn bit multiplication.
Publication Date: 2017
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND NETWORK SECURITY (17387906)(7)pp. 301-305
Monitoring vital body sign is very important in medical science and is one of the basic requirements in this branch of science. This has been done manually in the past. With technology improvement in monitoring systems, automated system is used without human intervention. In these systems, sensors connect to patient's body and received data through sensors would be transmitted through wires connected to the central data system for displaying in its monitor. In this paper, we introduce implementing a media access protocol namely PO-MAC. In this protocol collected data through sensors would be transmitted to data center node (data center service node). For proposed implemented protocol evaluation obtained power transmission values, power consumption and delay rate is compared with 2 well known protocols in this area (scope).
Publication Date: 2006
Physica B: Condensed Matter (09214526)371(2)pp. 309-312
The solid-state reduction of Bi2O3 to bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles by high-energy ball milling of raw materials (Bi2O 3 and Fe) in air and argon atmospheres has been described. XRD results show that in addition to bismuth, a second phase of nanocrystalline magnetite is also formed. This is due to the formation of Fe2O 3 and the subsequent change to Fe3O4 in the course of ball milling. Mean particle sizes of the obtained Bi and Fe 3O4 particles were 22 and 18 nm, respectively, using Scherrer's formula. A saturation magnetization of 80 emu/g is achieved for magnetic phase (Fe3O4). As both Bi and magnetite were nanosized particles, it was not possible to separate these two phases by the magnetic separation technique. A novel technique based on different thermal expansions of the Bi and Fe3O4 was then used to extract metallic Bi from the as-milled powders. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
As robots become more and more intelligent, the complexity of the algorithms behind them is increasing. Since these algorithms require high computation power from the onboard robot controller, the weight of the robot and energy consumption increases. A promising solution to tackle this issue is to relocate the expensive computation to the cloud. In this pioneering work, the possibility of relocating a state-of-the-art nonlinear control is investigated. To this end, the Unified Force-Impedance Controller (UFIC) is relocated to a remote location and high frequency feedback loop is established by including the remote controller in the loop. Passivity analysis is used to ensure the stability of the whole system, comprising the robot in interaction with the environment, the communication channel, as well as the remote controller. The instability associated with the communication channel is resolved by Time Domain Passivity Approach (TDPA). The performance of the proposed framework is experimentally evaluated on a robot arm in interaction with the environment. The results illustrate the stability of the system to a time-varying delay of up to 50 +/- 10ms.
Publication Date: 2015
New Journal Of Physics (13672630)17(12)
Motivated by the problem of many-body localization and the recent numerical results for the level and eigenfunction statistics on the random regular graphs, a generalization of the Rosenzweig-Porter random matrix model is suggested that possesses two transitions. One of them is the Anderson localization transition from the localized to the extended states. The other one is the ergodic transition from the extended non-ergodic (multifractal) states to the extended ergodic states.Weconfirm the existence of both transitions by computing the two-level spectral correlation function, the spectrum of multifractality f (α) and thewave function overlapwhich consistently demonstrate these two transitions.
Publication Date: 2024
Scientific Reports (20452322)14(1)
In this study, entanglement of composition, additive and/or sintering conditions and their effects on magnetic properties of soft ferrites, nickel zinc spinel ferrites (Ni1−xZnxFe2O4, x = 0.65 and 0.70) which were prepared via conventional solid-state reaction method investigated. Also an equiponderant calcined mixture of Bi2O3, CaO, CeO2, SiO2, Al2O3, Y2O3 and nanotitania was mixed thoroughly and used as a multi-compound calcined additive (MCCA). Calcined ferrite powders were crushed, dry and wet milled, dried, mixed with different amounts of MCCA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt%), formed in toroidal shapes and finally sintered at different temperatures, from 1150 up to 1360 °C for 3 h. X-ray diffraction assessment confirmed formation of the single phase cubic spinel structures. Initial permeability and Q-factor spectra of the toroids were obtained from 0.1 to 1000 kHz, using an LCR meter. The results show that initial permeability of each sample has a maximum and addition of MCCA to the ferrites leads to a marvelous increase in permeabilities. Additionally, MCCA decreases the optimum sintering temperature too. The optimum amounts of additive were 1.0 and 0.5 wt% for the x = 0.65 (μ′ = 492, Ts = 1280 °C) and x = 0.70 (μ′ = 478, Ts = 1320 °C), respectively. Permeability spectra illustrate that utility zone of the Ni0.35Zn0.65Fe2O4 and Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 are both less than 100 and 10 kHz, respectively. The results represent that there is a strong entanglement between composition, additive and/or sintering conditions. It can be concluded the MCCA added Ni0.35Zn0.65Fe2O4, is suitable for application in the switching power supplies. © The Author(s) 2024.
Publication Date: 2019
ADVANCED FUZZY LOGIC APPROACHES IN ENGINEERING SCIENCE (23288205)pp. 362-377
Reliability is one of the important aspects in product quality that shows efficiency or operation of the product, failure rate, and confidence. When the efficiency of the product is reduced below a desired level, the product is said to have failure. In real world, data collection or access of detailed features of the system is often difficult because of incomplete or unavailable information and probabilistic approach to the conventional reliability analysis. Therefore, to solve this problem, fuzzy set theory is used to evaluate system reliability. This research studies the literature on the reliability of fuzzy systems. Several studies have shown that fuzzy logic method can be more appropriate in comparison with classical methods and mathematical modeling.
Publication Date: 2012
Journal Of Molecular Modeling (16102940)18(9)pp. 4191-4197
The dynamics of a rotary nano ion pump, inspired by the F0 part of the F0F1-ATP synthase biomolecular motor, were investigated. This nanopump is composed of a rotor, which is constructed of two carbon nanotubes with benzene rings, and a stator, which is made of six graphene sheets. The molecular dynamics (MD) method was used to simulate the dynamics of the ion nanopump. When the rotor of the nanopump rotates mechanically, an ion gradient will be generated between the two sides of the nanopump. It is shown that the ion gradient generated by the nanopump is dependant on parameters such as the rotary frequency of the rotor, temperature and the amounts and locations of the positive and negative charges of the stator part of the nanopump. Also, an electrical potential difference is generated between the two sides of the pump as a result of its operation. © Springer-Verlag 2012.
Publication Date: 2020
Physica B: Condensed Matter (09214526)583
The Sendust alloy was prepared by mechanical alloying technique. The surface treatment process was carried out on the as-milled powders by hydrochloric acid, while irradiated by ultrasonic waves. EDS analysis indicated that surface-treated powders consisted of iron, silicon, aluminum, and oxygen elements. The FTIR spectrum of surface-treated powders had extra absorption bands related to aluminum oxides compared with as-milled powders. Results showed that although for cores made by surface-treated powders, both the real and imaginary parts of permeability decrease with respect to those for cores made by as-milled powders but significant reduction of imaginary part resulted in an increase in the quality factor remarkable. The cores were annealed in Ar atmosphere at temperatures 400, 500, and 600 °C for 1 h. The results show that the surface treatment process has led to a thermal stable coating layer on the Sendust powders up to 600 °C. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Publication Date: 2020
ARCADIA (00037982)(1)pp. 1-24
In Macbeth (ca. 1606), William Shakespeare returns all the way back to his metaphysics which he had demonstrated magnificently in A Midsummer Night's Dream (ca. 1595) and Hamlet (ca. 1600). These works represent Shakespeare's dramaturgical treatment of Being, substance, essence, etc. One of the chief elements of these plays is supernaturality, or nothingness (non-being) in a sense interrupting Being and human activities. These elements are presented in Julius Caesar (1599) as well, a history play which has commonalities with Macbeth. Yet few of his tragedies offer a world so dipped in horror and darkness as Macbeth. Ethics might thus be a far-fetched component among these grisly sensations and in the bloody atmosphere of this tragedy, but with the help of Emmanuel Levinas (1906-1995), traces of ethical exigency can be discerned. Approaching Macbeth through Levinas's philosophy, we attempt to study some ways in which ethics can be addressed and studied in this dark world. We will discuss Macbeth's struggles with time (mostly his future) and the Other as metaphors of alterity intruding into and interrupting his totalizing conatus.
Publication Date: 2004
IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (03601307)(A1)pp. 127-135
This study concerns the taxonomic status of Hordeum marinum sensu lato in Iran. Its geographical distribution in Iran has been reported. Based on the morphological study, the taxon contains two subspecies: marinum and gussoneanum (Parl.) Thell. in Iran. Morphological descriptions along with a key separating the two subspecies are provided. Furthermore, morphological variations of the subspecies of Hordeum marium Hudson in various habitats have been studied. In order to facilitate identifications, three photographs and drawings illustrating the herbarium specimens have been provided.
Publication Date: 2013
Chinese Physics B (16741056)22(12)
In this article, a computational analysis has been performed on the structural properties and predominantly on the electronic properties of the α-CuSe (klockmannite) using density functional theory. The studies in this work show that the best structural results, in comparison to the experimental values, belong to the PBEsol-GGA and WC-GGA functionals. However, the best results for the bulk modulus and density of states (DOSs) are related to the local density approximation (LDA) functional. Through utilized approaches, the LDA is chosen to investigate the electronic structure. The results of the electronic properties and geometric optimization of α-CuSe respectively show that this compound is conductive and non-magnetic. The curvatures of the energy bands crossing the Fermi level explicitly reveal that major charge carriers in CuSe are holes, whose density is estimated to be 0.86 × 1022 hole/cm3. In particular, the Fermi surfaces in the first Brillouin zone demonstrate interplane conductivity between (001) planes. Moreover, the charge carriers among them are electrons and holes simultaneously. The conductivity in CuSe is mainly due to the hybridization between the d orbitals of Cu atoms and the p orbitals of Se atoms. The former orbitals have the dual nature of localization and itinerancy. © 2013 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd.
Publication Date: 2010
Journal of Applied Physics (10897550)108(7)
It is well known that the surface of nonmagnetic α-Ce is magnetically ordered, i.e., γ-like. One then might conjecture, in agreement with previous theoretical predictions, that the γ-Ce may also exhibit at its surfaces even more strongly enhanced γ -like magnetic ordering. Nonetheless, our result shows that the (111)-surfaces of magnetic γ-Ce are neither spin nor orbitally polarized, i.e., α -like. Therefore, we predict, in contrast to the nonmagnetic α -phase which tends to produce magnetically ordered γ -like thin layers at its free surfaces, the magnetic γ -phase has a tendency to form α -like dead layers. This study, which explains the suppressed (promoted) surface magnetic moments of γ-Ce (α-Ce), shows that how nanoscale can reverse physical properties by going from bulk to the surface in isostructural α - and γ -phases of cerium. We predict using our freestanding surface results that a typical unreactive and nondiffusive substrate can dramatically influence the magnetic surface of cerium thin films in contrast to most of the uncorrelated thin films and strongly correlated transition metals. Our result implies that magnetic surface moments of α-Ce (111) can be suddenly disappeared by increasing lattice mismatch at the interface of a typical unreactive and nondiffusive substrate with cerium overlayers. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.
Publication Date: 2015
RSC Advances (20462069)5(47)pp. 37592-37602
In this paper, we explore the electric field gradients (EFGs) at 238U sites for antiferromagnetic UX2 (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) using LDA, LDA + U, GGA, GGA + U, and the exact exchange for correlated electrons schemes by considering the diagonalization of the spin-orbit coupling Hamiltonian in the space of the scalar relativistic eigenstates using the second-order variational procedure. The electronic structures and magnetic properties of the compounds are also investigated. It is found that the density functional theory approaches except exact exchange for correlated electrons are not successful in reproducing the experimental zero electric field gradient value in UBi2, even LDA + U and GGA + U within their default 4f density matrices by varying the U parameter in an energy interval of [0; 4 eV], though these techniques with no need to manually adopt their initial conditions (elements of the occupation matrix) are effective in the calculation of the nonzero electric field gradients for the other compounds. The exact exchange for correlated electrons has efficiently provided a null electric field gradient in UBi2 and nonzero electric field gradients for the other compounds by adjusting its dimensionless parameter α to 0.4. The physics of the null electric field gradient in UBi2 is revealed in this article and it is discussed that the source of the ignorable electric field gradient originates from the antiferromagnetic ordering of ↑↓ as compared to the long-range antiferromagnetic ordering of ↑↑↓↓ in the other compounds. Furthermore, our calculated magnetic moments for the uranium atoms in these compounds are consistent with the available experimentally measured values as compared to the severely underestimated theoretical results. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015.
Publication Date: 2012
Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience (15461955)9(8)pp. 1059-1062
In this letter we performed ab initio calculations on the perfect and defected (5, 5) single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) with Stone Wales (SW) defects. The band structure, density of state (DOS) and wave functions of a long (5, 5) carbon nanotube are calculated. Our results show that, due to the SW defect, the Band structure and DOS of SWNT changed significantly and the metallic behavior of (5, 5) o-SWNT changed to a semiconductor behavior. This confirms that SW defects can drastically change the electronic structures and transport properties of SWNTs. Copyright © 2012 American Scientific Publishers.
Publication Date: 2013
Journal of Alloys and Compounds (09258388)579pp. 360-364
On the basis of ab initio pseudopotential calculations, we study structural, magnetic, dynamical, and mechanical properties of the hypothetical CaC ionic compound in the rock-salt (RS), B2, zinc-blende (ZB), wurtzite (WZ), NiAs (NA), anti-NiAs (NA*), and CrB (B33) structures. It is argued that the ZB, WZ, NA, and RS structures are more ionic while the NAz.ast;, B2, and B33 structures are more covalent systems. As a result of that, the nonmagnetic B33.CaC is the energetically preferred system, while the more ionic structures prefer a ferromagnetic ground state with high Fermi level spin polarization. The observed ferromagnetism in the more ionic systems is attributed to the sharp partially filled p states of carbon atom in the system. In the framework of density functional perturbation theory, the phonon spectra of these systems are computed and the observed dynamical instabilities of the NA. and B2 structures are explained in terms of the covalent bonds between carbon atoms. The calculated Helmholtz and Enthalpy free energies indicate the highest stability of the B33 structure in a wide range of temperatures and pressures. Among the ferromagnetic structures, RS.CaC and ZB.CaC are reported, respectively, to be the most and the least metastable systems in various thermodynamics conditions. Several mechanical properties of the dynamically stable structures of CaC are determined from their phonon spectra. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2021
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids (00223697)154
The quaternary alloys BeSiP2xAs2(1−x) with the noncentrosymmetric chalcopyrite structure are studied by means of ab initio density functional theory calculations. The calculations are shown the substitution of Asby P leads to the decrease of the volume of the unit cell and the increase of the energy band gap. Using the Zunger approach, the microscopic origins of the energy band gap bowing are examined in term of volume deformation bVD, charge exchange bCEand structural relaxation bS.The analysis of the total electron density distribution map is shown that the electrons flow from the As, Si and P atoms and accumulate into covalent bonds between the As and Si atoms and between the Si and P atoms. The effect of Pconcentration on the mechanical properties, phonon frequencies and Born effective charges Z∗ of these quaternary alloys are also investigated. The calculated results indicated that these quaternary alloys are mechanical and dynamically stable, have a brittleness character and can be regarded as elastically anisotropic materials. Moreover, the thermodynamic properties of these quaternary alloys including the heat capacity at constant volume CV, the Helmholtz free energy F and entropy S are calculated using the harmonic approximation based on the phonon density of states calculation. Finally, the nonlinear optical coefficient d36 of the quaternary alloys BeSiP2xAs2(1−x) is evaluated and the results confirm that these alloys are remarkable in the nonlinear optics. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Publication Date: 2018
International Journal of Modern Physics B (02179792)32(11)
In this paper, thermodynamic and elastic properties of the AlNi and AlNi3 were investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (APW) in the framework of the generalized gradient approximation as used as implemented in the Wien2k package. The temperature dependence of thermal expansion coefficient, bulk modulus and heat capacity in a wide range of temperature (0-1600 K) were investigated. The calculated elastic properties of the compounds show that both intermetallic compounds of AlNi and AlNi3 have surprisingly negative Poisson's ratio (NPR). The results were compared with other experimental and computational data. © 2018 World Scientific Publishing Company.
