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Publication Date: 2018/09/23
آمایش سرزمین (20087047) (2)pp. 345-366
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situation in Qom and its regions in terms of the water poverty index, which identifies the zonal differences and the dimensions and strengths and weaknesses of each. The basis for determining the Water Poverty Index is the Sullivan method, which is a weight linear combination of components (resources, costs, environment, capacity, and access). The required data were collected through related organizations and analyzed in the framework of this method. There is a difference between the five sections of the county in terms of poverty. Weakness in resources is a common feature among zones, which is significant in some zones and moderate in the others. Also, in terms of human capacity, almost all regions have a good status that can be regarded as a strength. Water consumption management, as the most important option, should be at the forefront of planning and considering the inability to expand water resources. Currently, more than twice as much of renewable water resources are being extracted. The best way to manage water poverty is to make optimal use of available resources and capacities and to focus on research principles, rather than the expansion of water resources in a variety of ways, which can increase the territorial imbalances, domestic disturbance, and lack of control on consumption and so on.
Publication Date: 2024
Asian Journal of Technology Innovation (19761597) 33pp. 805-838
Technological innovation systems have mostly been studied in cities and focused on specific technologies. As the villages are comparatively different in scale and socioeconomic and technical characteristics, the functional expectations of technology in rural environments are also different. In this regard, this study aims to identify the functions of the Rural Technological Innovation System (RTIS) in irrigation systems of rural areas in Taft County, central Iran. Applying the Grounded Theory Method, the research is conducted qualitatively. Data was gathered primarily, by interviewing the managers and experts of water, agriculture, and technology. Results identified 12 functions for RTIS, the Seven are overlapped with the functions previously proposed for other TISs. New distinct ones are ‘guaranteeing spatio-social justice’, ‘continuous monitoring and choosing appropriate technology’, ‘accountability and transparency’, ‘Positive imagery and raising hope’ and ‘ensuring sustainability and enhancing effectiveness’. Identifying the functions an RTIS should have, revealed some deficiencies the studied villages face in developing innovation and technology that are expected to be resolved by implementing an RTIS. © ASIALICS, STEPI 2024.
Publication Date: 2019
Scientia Horticulturae (3044238) 246pp. 528-534
Soil properties and crop yields are strongly interrelated. Identifying the relation can leads to better management of cultivation and land suitability evaluation. Some difficulties related to statistically analyzing the soil properties, especially in relation with the crops and water, arises from the fact of their high variability and intercorrelation, which causes the multicollinearity problems. Adequate choice and use of multivariate statistical methods is appropriate to approach these areas of investigation. This study deals with the relations and interdependencies of soil physio-chemical attributes and pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) yield, as the most important commercial nut crop of Iran and one of the most worldwide. The study area is the pistachio orchard farms of Anar region in Rafsanjan County, Kerman, Iran; and the employed canonical multivariate methods are redundancy analysis (RDA) and discriminant analysis (DA). Six orchards were chosen with the same managerial procedures, pistachio cultivars (Owhadi) and tree ages. But, due to the aim of distinguishing influential soil properties, the vegetative growth and pistachio yields were different. Each orchard then was divided to two suitable and unsuitable parts, based on the actually measured yields. In each part, three replicates of soil sampling (in to depths of 0–50 and 50–100 cm) and three trees for eachever were considered in order to determining the pistachio yields. To explore the interrelationships between soil properties, orchard suitable/unsuitable parts and yields and distinguishing misclassified orchards based on the yield parameter and vegetative growth, the canonical multivariate RDA was employed. Results showed a relatively strong correspondence between yield and soil properties. Clay, EC, K and B were negatively related and sand and CaCO3 significantly positive correlated and altogether explained 100% of yield total variation. The multivariate DA then adopted to reclassify the orchard samples into two performance groups based on the variations of soil attributes. Results indicated two influential variables of clay and EC in distinguishing land suitability for pistachio farming, were able to classify 80.5% of orchards correctly (73.7% to suitable orchards and 88.2% to unsuitable ones). Overally, results showed a significant difference between soil properties in suitable and unsuitable areas, as well as a significant relationship between some soil properties and the yield of pistachio. Findings, applicably recommend that site suitability for optimal pistachio cultivation can satisfactorily be evaluated using only few and easy-determining soil properties, throughout canonical discriminant functions of appropriate multivariate analysis. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Publication Date: 2017
European Journal of Geography (17921341) 8(4)pp. 26-40
In Iran, as a developing country, rural communities have a great contribution in supplying food. More than 80 percent of raw material in Iran are produced in rural communities. In spite of mass production emphasis of legislations on the food security of rural communities in Iran, the exiting evidence suggest that food security in rural areas is in an unfavorable condition. The objective of the study is to identify the challenges that food security faces. Statistical population comprises of villages constituting Ravansar county. Where the residents are in not favourable condition in terms of food security. In methodologically sense, the qualitative procedure of grounded theory is applied in order to run a deep assessment on the subject through theoretical sampling. The process of sampling and collecting field data continued up to theoretical saturation. Results revealed five main Interconnected challenges in food security. These Challenges are: include weakness in policymaking, poor economic conditions, environmental deficiencies and hazards, cultural barriers and social changes and instability in agriculture industry. © Association of European Geographers.
Mosleh, Z. ,
Salehi, M.H. ,
Amini fasakhodi, A. ,
Jafari, A. ,
Mehnatkesh, A. ,
Esfandiarpoor borujeni, I. Publication Date: 2017
Geoderma (18726259) 303pp. 52-59
This study considers simultaneously the suitable cultivable lands and water resources to optimize the cropping pattern in the Shahrekord plain of Chaharmahal-Va-Bakhtiari province, Iran. According to a semi-detailed soil survey, 120 pedons with approximate distance of 750 m were excavated. Based on the pedons descriptions, 19 pedons were considered as representative. Soil samples were taken from different genetic horizons and their physicochemical properties were determined. Beside the soil map, the land suitability maps for wheat, alfalfa, potato and maize were also prepared. A goal programming model was developed to maximize the net return and cultivable area. Water and land availability, capital and non-negativity were considered as constraints (scenario 1). After preparing the land suitability maps, a constraint was defined. To do this, cultivable area for each crop greater than S1 (suitable class) and less than summation of S1, S1 + S2 and S2 (moderately suitable class) was determined (scenario 2). Results indicated that based on the scenario 1, the cultivable area should be allocated to potato and alfalfa. In the scenario 2 however, all the crops remain in the cropping pattern and the highest cultivable area should be allocated to potato. In the studied region, the main constraint is water shortage while the cultivable lands are surplus. It is necessary to contribute towards the efficient use of water resources to overcome the water crisis in the region. In spite of increasing the water consumption, cultivable lands increase when the suitable land and water availability are considered simultaneously. Therefore, it seems that land suitability assessment plays an important role for successful soil management. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Publication Date: 2015
Asian Journal of Agricultural Research (18191894) (5)
Planning for the optimal use of productive resources in agricultural systems leads to the conservation in addition to the promotion of farmers' socio-economical conditions. Being certain or precise in any decision making in agricultural planning is impossible. Fuzzy mathematical programming techniques, developed in recent decades, are the most appropriate and applicable approaches to include the uncertainty in crop planning and productive resources management. Using the multi-objective Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) approach, the farming system of a rural region located in the central of Iran has investigated in this study in order to identify the optimal cropping pattern and land use planning under uncertainty. For this purpose, several objectives like maximizing the area under cultivation, net return and employment opportunities and simultaneously the land, capital, monthly water and labor force requirements and availabilities, crop rotation and a crop lower bound production constraint imprecisely considered as fuzzy goals. The needed data gathered through fieldwork operations. In multi-objective programming context, as the results revealed, the constraints of the productive resources are more determinant in land allocation than the objective functions. To illustrate the precedence of the cited FGP model, the results were quantitatively compared with the existing situation and a crisp goal programming model containing the same objectives and constraints. The precedence mainly pertained to the goals of objective functions. The crop-mix in FGP pattern change achieved considerable conservation of water and capital resources and improvement of income generation of the agricultural system, with almost no variation in the cultivation area. © 2015 Knowledgia Review, Malaysia.
Publication Date: 2010
Water Resources Management (9204741) 24(15)pp. 4639-4657
Water resources sustainability has the main contribution to the existence and durability of the farming systems and strongly depends on the cropping pattern practices. A comprehensive cropping pattern planning takes in to account the high level of interrelation of the environmental, economic and social aspects of farming systems. In order to assess the sustainability of water resources and determine an optimal pattern of cropping in a rural farming system, this paper introduces two ratios of "net return/water consumption" and "labor employment/water consumption" and attempts to simultaneously optimize them as the sustainability indicators. To this purpose, a multi-objective fractional goal programming (MOFGP) procedure is considered as the main approach of the study to be accomplished by several other single and multi-objective linear and fractional programming models. The results show that the FP models are more significant to contribute in assessing the sustainability indicators compared to the LP models, and the MOFGP solution is considered better, compared to the single objective FP solutions. The results will be illustrated quantitatively. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
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