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Khajehpiri, M. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
La farge, C. ,
Ghahremaninejad, F. Kew Bulletin (1874933X) 79(3)pp. 641-652
In studying different taxonomic aspects of the tribe Echinophoreae Benth., the typification status of all species was reviewed. Among all members of this tribe, two species names had some issues in their type designations. These species names are typified here: Anisosciadium lanatum Boiss. and Pycnocycla ledermannii H.Wolff. In addition, distribution maps are presented for these two accepted names. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2024.
Vegetation Classification and Survey (26830671) 5pp. 329-346
Questions: The mountains of Fereydunshahr County are one of the centers of plant endemism within the Zagros, however, its flora and vegetation remain relatively understudied. In this study we undertook research on the plant species diversity of the subalpine and alpine zones of this area, their life forms, chorology, and vegetation types. Study area: Mountains of Fereydunshahr County, Central Zagros, West Iran. Methods: Plant specimens were collected during the growing seasons of 2018 to 2020. A complete species list was prepared including their life forms, chorotypes, elevation range, and major vegetation types. Results: A total of 308 vascular plant species have been identified belonging to 185 genera and 47 families. The largest plant families recorded during the study are Asteraceae with 44 species, Fabaceae 32, Brassicaceae 29, and Lamiaceae 27. At genus level Astragalus with 23 species is the richest. Hemicryptophyte with 162 (53%) species is the major life form. Most of the species are Irano-Turanian elements (52%). A total of 57 species (19%) are endemic to Iran and 23 species (7%) are endemic to Zagros. Most species belong to the montane-subalpine zone (33%), followed by subalpine (20%), montane (15%), lowland-montane (10%), alpine (9%), and lowland-subalpine (5%). In the alpine zone a high proportion of the species are endemic, while the montane zone has a very low proportion of endemics. From the identified species, 24% belong to subalpine and alpine thorn-cushion grasslands, 19% to montane steppe shrublands, 5% to subalpine tall-umbelliferous vegetation types, 5% to wetlands, and 5% to chasmophyte vegetation. Conclusions: The area has a rich flora, but at the same time is under high pressure from anthropogenic activities, especially a very high level of overgrazing. The region is not a protected area, therefore, establishment of a protected area and efficient conservation planning for the region is highly recommended. Copyright Mohsen Yaselyani et al.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (09259864) 70(7)pp. 1999-2008
The genus Astragalus L. with about 3000 species is the largest genus of flowering plants. It is also the largest genus in the flora of Iran with more than 850 taxa. Astragalus cyclophyllon Beck is an endemic taxon belonging to Astragalus sect. Incani DC. It occurs scattered in the steppe and semi-steppe areas of the western and central parts of Iran. This species is one of the most important forage taxa of Astragalus. According to IUCN criteria it has been classified as a vulnerable taxon in Iran, as it occurs in habitats intensely used by herders for their livestock. Here we evaluate the genetic diversity of the populations of this species in Iran to see whether genetic diversity is high or if reductions have already happened. For this purpose, sampling was done in all geographical areas with A. cyclophyllon populations in Iran. In total, 80 individuals representing 29 populations were studied using 33 quantitative and qualitative morphological characters and 10 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. ISSR revealed 240 bands which all were polymorphic. Neighbor-joining cluster analysis divided the individuals in four groups, Principal Coordinate Analysis and Bayesian population assignment analysis in Structure resulted in three genetic units. Morphological variation showed no correlation with the molecular data. The mean of Gst and Nm indices are 0.516 and 0.468, respectively, which indicate a very high genetic differentiation and low gene flow between the studied populations. According to these results, we conclude that genetic diversity is high in this species and that, therefore, the major threat for A. cyclophyllon is currently not related to inbreeding depression in populations, but might be due to livestock grazing that could change the population demographic structure by reducing regular establishment of new offspring. © 2023, The Author(s).
Khajehpiri, M. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Farge, C.L. ,
Ghahremaninejad, F. Phytotaxa (11793163) 594(2)pp. 145-152
Echinophora scabra (Apiaceae) is one of the endemic species to the Iranica plateau with limited distribution range in Afghanistan and Pakistan which is the most eastern edge of the genus existence and penetration. In addition to its geographic distribution, morphologic, anatomic and micromorphologic characters of the plant, especially its umbellulas and mericarps features, make this species a remarkable candidate for further studies. Some of the most important and taxonomically valuable characters of its umbellulas and mericarps are: number of the male pedicels, absence of the sepals in umbellula’s central flower, petals shape, size of the sepals in male flowers, style length and indumentum, hypodermal collenchyma, relative size of the vascular bundles and vallecular vittae, width to thickness ratio of the endosperm, mericarp’s hair length and size of the platelets secretion on the mericarp surface. Here, we provided an emended taxonomic description improved with anatomical and micromorphological characters of the umbellulas and mericarps. Besides, we designated a lectotype and presented a comparison character table as well as a distribution map. Copyright © 2023 Magnolia Press.
Nordic Journal of Botany (0107055X) 2022
A taxonomic revision of Psephellus Cass. sect. Psephelloidei (Boiss.) Wagenitz (Asteraceae) in Iran is preented. Four taxa are recognized and one of them from East Azerbaijan Province, NW Iran, is described as a new species: Psephellus sennikovianus Negaresh. Psephellus gilanicus (Bornm.) Wagenitz and P. leuzeoides (Jaub. & Spach) Wagenitz are lectotypified. Images of the type specimens of all species and photos of the species in their natural habitats are provided. In addition, the geographic distribution of all the four species recognized is presented and mapped. Finally, a taxonomic key to species of the section Psephelloidei in Iran is provided. © 2022 Nordic Society Oikos. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Iranian Journal Of Botany (1029788X) 28pp. 6-20
The taxonomic status of the genus Sorghum Moench in Iran was evaluated. 163 accessions were studied using 75 morphological characters. The results indicated that the genus occurs in Iran with 4 species, S. propinquum, S. halepense, S.× drummondii, and S. bicolor. Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc. is reported for the first time from Iran. This species is morphologically similar to S. halepense (L.) Pers. but differs from it in characteristics of rhizomes, leaf mid-vein, and inflorescence. Also, images and identification key for taxa is presented. © 2022, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran. All rights reserved.
Khajehpiri, M. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
La farge, C. ,
Ghahremaninejad, F. Rostaniha (24236608) 23pp. 238-251
In studying different taxonomic aspects of the tribe Echinophoreae, the typification status of all species was reviewed. In the present study, authors of the paper designated a syntype for Pycnocycla aucheriana var. aucheriana name and rejected type conditions for a few specimens of Anisosciadium orientale and P. aucheriana var. aucheriana. In addition, some corrections in location and specimen information have been made on a number of type specimens of A. orientale, P. cespitosa, and P. spinosa var. aitchisonii at herbaria C, K, and P. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
Caryologia (00087114) 74(1)pp. 53-61
In this survey, the chromosome counts of eight Nepeta L. species were investigated and the karyotypic diversity among these species was studied. The examined species belong to N. cephalotes Boiss. species group, namely N. eremokosmos Rech.f., N. gloeocephala Rech. f., cephalotes Boiss., N. pungens (Bunge) Benth., N. ispahanica Boiss., N. mahanensis Jamzad & Simonds, N. hormozganica Jamzad and N. denudata Benth. collected from different habitats in Iran. The ploidy levels, karyotype formula, chromosome length range, total karyotype length, several karyotype asymmetries values and Stebbins classification were determined in this study. Results showed the same chromosome number, 2n = 2x= 18 for all studied species. The basic chromosome number for the above mentioned species are x = 9. Also, the smallest chromosome length is 1.02 μm in N. mahanensis. The largest chromosome length is 2.3 μm in N. ispahanica. The chromosomes of species were metacentric or submetacentric. According to the Stebbins classification, these species were located into three classes 1A, 2A and 3A. The chromosome numbers for six of studied species are reported here for the first time. © 2021 M. Hasaninejad, Z. Jamzad, S. Afsharzadeh, H. Saeidi.
Phytotaxa (11793163) 527(1)pp. 75-82
Iris pseudomeda is described and illustrated as a new species of Iris section Oncocyclus from Kurdistan province in northwestern Iran. It occurs among subalpine flora of Zagros mountain range, on stony calcareous hillsides and the brink of grassland fields. A complete morphological description, conservation status, botanical illustrations, notes on habitat and distribution range are presented for the new species. Furthermore, taxonomic relationships of I. pseudomeda with other members of this rhizomatous bearded section, particularly I. meda, are also discussed. © 2021 Magnolia Press.
Taxonomy and Biosystematics (23222190) 12(44)pp. 23-32
Two specimens of Vallisneria denseserrulata from the southeastern part of the Seimareh River in the Iranian province of Ilam were documented as new records for the flora of Iran. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the specimens using DNA Sequence data from nuclear internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and the plastid matK and trnK 5' intron gene regions revealed that the specimens are not conspecific with V. spiralis that has long been regarded to be the sole representative of the genus in Iran. Although their quite similar appearances do not preclude the possibility of the two siblings as being misidentified with each other, the fact that Vallisneria species are highly cultivated and traded commercially around the world, as well as its resolution within the clade containing the cultivated material of unknown provenance, left open the possibility of it being an escapee from cultivation which has established and naturalized in the region. © 2020, University of Isfahan.
Iranian Journal Of Botany (1029788X) 26(1)pp. 62-66
In the present study we report somatic chromosome numbers of four Nepeta species including: N. laxiflora (2n=18), N. depauperata (2n=34), N. archibaldii (2n=16) and N. dschuparensis (2n=18). These species are endemics of Iran and the chromosome number for these species are reported here for the first time. © 2020, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran. All rights reserved.
Phytotaxa (11793163) 456(1)pp. 1-26
Multivariate morphometric approach (using PCA mix and CDA) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers (ISSR) were used to characterize the patterns of morphological and genetic relationships of Capparis spinosa group in Iran. The morphological data analyses revealed that this complex could be divided into three main groups. C. spinosa subsp. cartilaginea and C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. mucronifolia were reliably delineated by morphological data, but C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. parviflora, C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. herbacea, C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. canescens, C. spinosa subsp. spinosa var. aegyptia and their intermediate phenotypes were overlapped. The results of ISSR data were different from morphological analyses and var. parviflora exhibited a close genetic affinity to var. mucronifolia rather than the other varieties of sub. spinosa. The results of this study revealed that subsp. cartilaginea should be recognized at species level. In case of var. parviflora, we propose subspecies level for this variety. Further investigation is needed to reveal the taxonomic status of var. mucronifolia. Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press.
Journal Of Medicinal Plants (27172058) 17(65)pp. 7-24
Marrubium vulgare L. (common name: Horehound, hoarhound) is one of the medicinal plants which has been used in the treatment of stomach, arrhythmia, asthma, jaundice, lung diseases and liver disorders in Iranian traditional medicine. Other properties are expectorant, antispasmodic, tonic, anti-infective agent and externally, it has been used in ulcers and wounds. Flowers in M. vulgare generally appear in early spring and regularly visited by readily nectar gathering bees. The plant is a good candidate for phytoremediation of Hg contaminated soils. Previous phytochemical studies showed the presence of alkaloids, lactones, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, phenylpropanoid esters, and diterpenoids in M. vulgare. In this review we focused on the several aspects of taxonomy, morphology, chemical composition and traditional medicine of horehound. © 2018 Institute of Medicinal Plants . All rights reserved.
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants (09740430) 24pp. 483-491
Capparis spinosa L. (caper bush) is an economically and ecologically important perennial shrub that grows across different regions of Iran. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of Iranian genepool of C. spinosa is evaluated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Using 10 ISSR primers, 387 DNA fragments (bands) were amplified from the genomic DNA of 92 individuals belonging to twenty-one populations of C. spinosa, of which 378 (97.7%) were polymorphic. High level of genetic diversity (percentage of polymorphic loci = 98.2%, h = 0.1382, I = 0.243), high genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.5234) and low gene flow (Nm = 0.4553) among populations were observed. Caper bush populations were divided into 4 groups in the dendrogram, PCoA plot and Bayesian clustering results, mostly corresponded to their geographic regions. The results showed that there are value in sampling Iranian caper bush populations to look for valuable alleles for use in plant breeding programs. © 2018, Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society.
Plant Systematics and Evolution (16156110) 304(9)pp. 1077-1089
The genus Scutellaria (Lamiaceae, Scutellarioidae) includes taxa with a wide range of pharmacological traits, which make this genus economically important. Previous taxonomical studies on Scutellaria were mainly based on morphological and chromosomal characters. The infrageneric classification of the genus has been the subject of a long controversy among authors, and delimitation of taxa remains problematic. In this study, the phylogeny of the genus was evaluated using nrDNA ITS and trnL-F sequences, with a focus on the 42 Iranian taxa belonging to subgenera Apeltanthus and Scutellaria. In both ITS and trnL-F trees, there were two main clades within the genus corresponding to the two subgenera Scutellaria and Apeltanthus. In the subg. Scutellaria, the sect. Anaspis was monophyletic, but the monophyly of sect. Scutellaria was not supported. In this subgenus, S. galericulata was located away from other species in both trees, supported the isolation of this species from the sect. Scutellaria and inclusion in the sect. Galericularia as was previously considered by some authors. In subg. Apeltanthus, sect. Apeltanthus and sect. Lupulinaria were not monophyletic; furthermore, the monophyly of subsect. Lupulinaria was not supported. Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that the sectional classification of both subgenera Apeltanthus and Scutellaria should be revised. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
Phytotaxa (11793163) 348pp. 141-146
Based on a comprehensive study of freshly collected material, type and herbarium specimens Trigonella disperma is here typified and a full description, illustrations of the fruit and floral parts, a distribution map and taxonomic remarks provided for this species. © 2018 Magnolia Press.
Acta Botanica Croatica (03650588) 76pp. 177-182
Potamogeton pectinatus L. is a widespread aquatic species distributed widely in aquatic ecosystems of Iran. In this study, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 35 accessions and 175 individuals of P. pectinatus collected from different regions of Iran. In total, 123 polymorphic DNA fragments were amplified from five combinations of ISSR primers. The ISSR based principle coordinate analyses (PCoA) demonstrated four different groups mostly corresponding with their geographic origins (North, Kerman/Fars, Centre and Southwest). The most variable populations were found in the central region of Iran possibly as a consequence of the larger number of samples from that region. The result of molecular variance (AMOVA) attributed 11% of the total genetic variation among and 89% within population variation. The results showed high levels of intra-regional and low inter-regional gene flow between clones, although the Northern accessions were clearly differentiated from the others. There was a low correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance of accessions. The results of STRUCTURE analysis suggested the presence of three genetic groups of this species in Iran, mostly adapted to different ecological conditions. Our results cover one of the gaps of different studies worldwide. In addition, our results confirm high levels of genetic diversity of P. pectinatus in Iran. © 2017 Shabnam Abbasi et al., published by De Gruyter Open.
Yousefi, S. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Maroofi, H. ,
Mostafaassadi, ,
Ghaderi, H. Phytotaxa (11793163) 297pp. 216-220
Trifolium kurdistanicum, a new species of Trifolium sect. Trifolium from Kurdistan Province, west of Iran is described. It grows at high altitude on subalpine regions with steep slopes and shallow soil. The new species is morphologically close to T. longidentatum and can be considered as a member of the subsect. Ochroleuca. Trifolium kurdistanicum is characterized by large, multiple and branched stems, less than half of the stipule length adnate to the petiole, inflorescences without bracts, calyx with 3-nerved lower and 1-nerved upper teeth and all slightly longer than the tube, calyx nearly half the length of corolla, flowers violet or rarely white and seeds reniform. © 2017 Magnolia Press.
Plant Genetic Resources: Characterisation and Utilisation (1479263X) 14pp. 132-141
Sorghum halepense grows in a vast range of ecological regions of Iran. In this study, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 38 accessions of S. halepense and two accessions of Sorghum bicolor (used as out groups) collected from different regions of Iran. In total, 180 DNA fragments were amplified from eight combinations of IRAP primers, from which 178 (98.9%) were polymorphic. The IRAP-based trees and two-dimensional plot of principal coordinate analysis demonstrated six different groups corresponding to their geographical origin in Iranian germplasm of S. halepense: (1) in the south-west region; (2) in the west along the Zagros Mountains; (3) in the north-west of the country; (4) in the centre of the country; (5) and (6) in the northern region along the eastern and western coast of Caspian Sea. The most variable populations were found in the centre and the west of Iran. The results showed high gene flow among different regions, although the south-western accessions were well differentiated from those growing in other regions. The accessions collected from western coast of Caspian Sea were differentiated from neighbouring regions in both morphological characters and IRAP data. The measured genetic distances were independent of geographical distances. This survey demonstrates high genetic dynamism in Iranian germplasm of S. halepense and indicates that the present germplasm is of great value in terms of sampling for new alleles for crop improvement. © NIAB 2015.
Biogeographic barriers for freshwater biota can be effective at various spatial scales. At the largest spatial scale, freshwater organisms can become genetically isolated by their high mountain ranges, vast deserts, and inability to cross oceans. Isolation by distance of aquatic plants is expected to be stronger across than alongside mountain ridges whereas the heterogeneity of habitats among populations and temporary droughts may influence connectivity and hamper dispersal. Suitable aquatic plant habitats became reduced, even for the widespread submerged Potamogeton pectinatus L. (also named Stuckenia pectinata) giving structure to various aquatic habitats. We compared the level of genetic diversity in a heterogeneous series of aquatic habitats across Iran and tested their differentiation over distances and across mountain ranges (Alborz and Zagros) and desert zones (Kavir), with values obtained from temperate region populations. The diversity of aquatic ecosystems across and along large geographic barriers provided a unique ecological situation within Iran. P. pectinatus were considered from thirty-six sites across Iran at direct flight distances ranging from 20 to 1,200 km. Nine microsatellite loci revealed a very high number of alleles over all sites. A PCoA, NJT clustering and STRUCTURE analysis revealed a separate grouping of individuals of southeastern Iranian sites and was confirmed by their different nuclear ITS and cpDNA haplotypes thereby indicating an evolutionary significant unit (ESU). At the level of populations, a positive correlation between allelic differentiation Dest with geographic distance was found. Individual-based STRUCTURE analysis over 36 sites showed 7 genetic clusters. FST and RST values for ten populations reached 0.343 and 0.521, respectively thereby indicating that allele length differences are more important and contain evolutionary information. Overall, higher levels of diversity and a stronger differentiation was revealed among Iranian P. pectinatus than previously observed for temperate European regions, due to regional differences across mountain ranges over long distances. © 2016 Abbasi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Farouji, A.E. ,
Khodayari, H. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. Biologia (13369563) 70pp. 52-60
Iran, as a part of Fertile Crescent, is within the center of diversity and origin of the Triticum L. from Poaceae Barnhart (Gramineae A. L. de Jussieu) family. This study concerns the genetic diversity and inter-relationships analyses of 89 accessions of diploid Triticum (2n = 2x = 14) species including T. monococcum, T. boeoticum subsp. boeoticum, T. boeoticum subsp. thaoudar and T. urartu belong to the einkorn wheat group collected all around Iran using 8 primer pairs of IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism). Of 220 DNA fragments analysed from all of accessions, 217 (98.6%) were polymorphic. The genetic distances among taxa and accessions were estimated and dendrograms showing relationship among accessions were generated. The results of this study showed that four taxa of diploid wheat are very similar to each other genetically and there is a high affinity, gene flow and genetic relationships between diploid Triticum accessions, although T. monococcum can be distinct loosely from the two other species including T. boeoticum and T. urartu. The highest average Nei genetic distances were found between T. monococcum and T. urartu (0.14) and the lowest between T. boeoticum subsp. boeoticum and T. boeoticum subsp. thaoudar (0.03). Analyssi of molecular variance (AMOVA) was revealed that 84% of total variation attributed to within population's variability and the remaining 16% variation was ascribed to the differences among species; also it demonstrated a geographical distinction among Triticum accessions. These data proved a center of high diversity in the West and the Northwest of Iran and clearly exposed patterns of two distinct geographic regions. © 2015 Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences.
Nasernakhaei, F. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Tavassoli, M. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterisation and Utilisation (1479263X) 13pp. 1-8
To preliminarily evaluate the genetic diversity of the Iranian diploid Triticum L. gene pool, in this study, a total of 176 individuals belonging to T. monococcum L. ssp. aegilopoides (Link) Thell. and T. urartu Thum. ex Gandil. were pre-screened using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the Acc-1 and Pgk-1 loci. A selected set of 76 DNA samples corresponding to the observed SSCP variants were sequenced for both loci and evaluated for nucleotide diversity associated with the taxonomic groups and geographical regions. We found three haplotypes, including one that was new for Iran, at each locus. Population structure and analysis of molecular variation results proved that the collection evaluated could be genetically divided into two distinct groups, which to a great extent was in accordance with the taxonomic classification. A genetic leakage from T. monococcum ssp. aegilopoides into T. urartu was observed during structure analysis, which was inferred on the basis of occasional outcrossing, despite their inbreeding nature. The results revealed that there was no variation within the populations belonging to T. urartu, while a meaningful variation was found between the geographical regions for T. monococcum ssp. aegilopoides. The median-joining networks revealed a conflict between morphology and haplotype variation, which was interpreted on the basis of introgressive hybridization, recombination signature and rapid speciation. In conclusion, we suggest that SSCP analysis is a useful tool in regions where thorough sequencing of an enormous number of DNA samples is time consuming and not affordable. © NIAB 2014.
Akhavan, A. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. ,
Zarre, S. ,
Blattner, F.R. Systematic Botany (15482324) 40pp. 706-715
Allium subgenus Melanocrommyum is taxonomically one of the most complicated groups within Allium and its sectional delimitation has been changed several times. In the present study, the relationships among 136 individuals representing 28 species of the sections Acanthoprason and Asteroprason were surveyed using ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) markers. Nine ISSR primers generated 322 polymorphic bands (on average 36 bands per primer). In the resulting neighbor joining dendrogram, most conspecific individuals were grouped into clusters, which can be regarded as evidence of the monophyly of most species. Exceptions were the positions of six single samples of A. graveolens, A. zagricum, A. shelkovnikovii, A. subakaka, and A. materculae, which were not grouped with their remaining conspecific individuals. The clusters in dendrograms were significantly correlated with morphological similarities and biogeographical distributions. The lowest molecular similarity (62%) was observed between A. shelkovnikovii and A. ubipetrense and the most similar taxa (similarity value = 93%) were A. materculae and A. graveolens (sect. Acanthoprason). The results showed that ISSR analysis is suitable to detect the relationship of closely related species. The groups constructed agree only partly with those previously published based on molecular data, and represent alternative proposals to define taxonomic groups. © Copyright 2015 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.
Mousavifard, S.S. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. ,
Shamsadini, M. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (09259864) 62pp. 387-394
Genetic diversity of wild wheats germplasm especially those growing in center of origin is of critical value for breeding proposes. In this study 89 accessions belonging to the three species (T. monococcum, T. urartu, T. boeoticum), collected all around Iran, were analysed using nine inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. Polymerase chain reactions amplified 170 DNA fragments, from which, 156 (91.2 %) were polymorphic. The highest and lowest genetic polymorphism were detected within T. boeoticum (90 %) and T. monococcum (68.62) respectively. From geographic viewpoint, the western accessions showed the highest (86.44) and the southwestern accessions the lowest (74.7) ISSR polymorphism. According to the Neighbor Joining dendrogram and the principal coordinate analysis 2D plot, all accessions were divided into two clusters: accessions of T. urartu in one cluster and accessions of T. boeoticum and T. monococcum in another. Within these clusters, subgroupings related to the geographic distribution were evident. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 0.82 of genetic diversity resulted from the intra-specific variation. AMOVA results attributed 0.93 of T. boeoticum and 0.82 of T. urartu genetic diversity to the within regions variations. Based on the results of this study, it seems that Triticum represented in Iran by two diploid species. This study showed a high level of genetic diversity within the Iranian diploid Triticum species that can be of interest for crops improvement. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Chinese Physics B (16741056) 24
Kinesin is a microtubule-associated motor protein which can respond to the external electric field due to its polarity. Using a molecular dynamics simulation method, the effect of such a field on the affinity of kinesin to the αβ-tubulin is investigated in this study. To consider kinesin affinity, the system is exposed to an electric field of 0.03 V/nm with frequency values of 1, 2, ..., 9, and 10 GHz. It is found that the applied electric field can change kinesin affinity to the microtubule. These changes could perturb the normal operation of kinesin, such as the processive motility of kinesin on the microtubule. © 2015 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd.
Ghanadian, M. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Aghaei, M. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. ,
Ahmadi, E. ,
Ayatollahi, S.M. ,
Choudhary, M.I. ,
Bahmani, B. Phytochemistry Letters (18767486) 12pp. 302-307
Abstract A dichloromethane-acetone extract of Euphorbia osyridea Bioss. (Syn. Euphorbia lateriflora Schumach. & Thonn), a spurge endemic to Iran and West Africa, afforded three new jatrophane diterpenes belonging to the 2,3,5,7,8,9,14,15-octahydroxy-jatropha-6(17),11E-diene class along with three known triterpenes. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR analyses. Biological effects of these compounds were analyzed by performing MTT and annexin V-FITC and PI staining assays against different cancer cell lines. Results showed that 2,3,5,7,8,9,14,15-octahydroxy-jatropha-6(17), 11E-diene derivatives (1-3) inhibit the cell proliferation through apoptosis in the Caov-4 and OVCAR-3 cancer cell lines. © 2015 Phytochemical Society of Europe.
Shadi, S. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Ghanadian, M. ,
Rahimnejad, M.R. ,
Aghaei, M. ,
Ayatollahi, S.M. ,
Iqbal choudhary m., Natural Product Research (14786427) 29pp. 607-614
Acetone:chloroform (1:2) extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia connata Boiss. (Euphorbiaceae) was investigated for its diterpenoids. This led to the isolation of one known and two new diterpenes, belonging to the pentahydroxy-13(17)-epoxy-8,10(18)-myrsinadiene and tetrahydroxy-5,6-epoxy-14-oxo-jatropha-11(E)-ene classes. The structures were elucidated based on 13C and 1H NMR as well as 2D NMR, IR and MS spectra and the cytotoxicity for compounds 1-3 were evaluated by using MTT assay against two human breast cancer cell lines. Myrsinane-type compounds - 3,7,14,15-tetraacetyl-5-propanoyl-13(17)-epoxy-8,10(18)-myrsinadiene (1) and 3,7,10,14,15-pentaacetyl-5-butanoyl-13,17-epoxy-8-myrsinene (2) - exhibited moderate inhibitory effects, with IC50 values of 24.53 ± 3.39 and 26.67 ± 1.41 μM against the MDA-MB cell line, and 37.73 ± 3.41 and 34.57 ± 2.12 μM against the MCF-7 cell line, respectively. Jatrophane-type diterpene - 5,6-epoxy-8,9,15-triacetyl-3-benzoyl-14-oxo-jatropha-11(E)-ene (3) - showed weak cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 55.67 ± 7.09 μM against MDA-MB, and moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 24.33 ± 3.21 μM against MCF-7 cell line. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.
Nasernakhaei, F. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Tavassoli, M. Phytotaxa (11793163) 201pp. 111-121
In this study, 129 individuals belonging to the Iranian wild diploid Triticum gene pool were screened using PCR-SSCP based on Acc1 and Pgk1 loci. Sequencing of the representatives of different SSCP patterns allowed for detection of three haplotypes for each of the loci. The phylogenetic relationships among the Iranian wild diploid Triticum haplotypes and related genera were analyzed using DNA sequences from these two single copy loci. Despite previous reports that recommended the usefulness of nuclear single copy genes for phylogenetic inference, the Bayesian and parsimony analyses carried out in this study showed that these two loci were not applicable tools in the phylogeny reconstruction of diploid Triticum gene pool. Thus, our findings confirm that phylogenetic relationships among recently diverged species are often difficult to resolve due to insufficient phylogenetic signal in available markers and/or conflict among gene trees. © 2015 Magnolia Press.
Aghaahmadi, M. ,
Negaresh, K. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Assadi, M. Phytotaxa (11793163) 238pp. 97-100
Two species names of Trigonella sect. Ellipticae are here lectotypified: T. gharuensis and T. koeiei. A distribution map of the species is presented. © 2015 Magnolia Press.
Phytotaxa (11793163) 170pp. 213-218
Allium kuhrangense, an endemic to Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province (Iran) is described here as a new species. This species grows on gravelly and rocky slopes of a mountainous region. It is morphologically most similar to A. austroiranicum and can be recognized as a member of the A. austroiranicum alliance. Allium kuhrangense is a diploid species with chromosome number of 2n = 2× = 16. Diagnostic characters, description, taxonomic comments, photographs and a distribution map of the new species as well as an identification key for the related taxa are provided. According to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, A. kuhrangense is assessed here as a "Critically Endangered" species. © 2014 Magnolia Press.
Parishani, M.R. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. ,
Mirtadzadini, M. ,
Saeidi, H. Caryologia (00087114) 67pp. 86-95
In this study, somatic chromosome numbers of 27 Jurinea Cass. taxa (25 species and two subspecies), collected from different localities in Iran, were counted. Apart from Jurinea macrocephala DC. and J. pulchella DC. these are reported here for the first time. Except for J. eriobasis DC. with 2n = 36 and J. gedrosiaca Bornm. with 2n = 32 all the materials studied showed a somatic number of 2n = 34. Regarding the dysploidy observed in this genus two theories based on a decrease in aneuploidy and a polyploidy pillar complex are justified and discussed here. © 2014 © 2014 Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica, Università di Firenze.
Baniadam, S. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. ,
Ghanadian, M. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Ayatollahi, S.M. ,
Aghaei, M. Iranian Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research (17350328) 13pp. 135-141
The dried plant was extracted with dichloromethane and after defatting with hexane, transferred repeatedly on silica columns using dichloromethane-hexane and ethyl acetate-hexane as mobile phases. Finally the fractions were purified by high performance liquid chromatography using a Pack-Sil column and hexane: Ethyl acetate as mobile phase. The structures of the isolated compounds included: cycloart-25-ene-3β, 24-diol (1), cycloart-23(Z)- ene-3β, 25-diol (2), cycloart-23(E)-ene-3β, 25-diol (3), and 24-methylene-cycloart-3β-ol (4) were elucidated by 13C- and 1H-NMR as well as IR and by the aid of mass fragmentation pattern and comparing with the literature. The biological effects of the compounds were done by the MTT assay on two different cancer cell lines including MDA-MB48 and MCF-7. Among these compounds, cycloart-23(E)-ene-3β,25-diol (3) was the most active compound on MDA-MB468 cell line (LD50 = 2.05 μgmL-1) and cycloart-23(Z)-ene-3β, 25-diol (2) was the most active compound on MCF-7 cell line (LD50 = 5.4 μgmL-1). © 2014 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.
Journal Of Molecular Modeling (16102940) 20
The mechanical properties of the αβ-tubulin dimer of microtubules was modeled by using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The effect on the mechanical properties of the dimer of the existence and nonexistence of an applied electric field, either constant or periodic, was studied. Since there are charged or polar groups in the dimer structure, the electric field can interact with the dimer. The elastic constant and Young's modulus of the dimer were decreased when the dimer was exposed to a constant electric field of 0.03 V/nm. Furthermore, applying an oscillating electric field in the 1 GHz range to the dimer increased the elastic constant and Young's modulus of the dimer. These parameters were related to dimer rigidity and, consequently, in this frequency range, the application of electric fields may affect the function of microtubules. © Springer-Verlag 2014.
Biologia (13369563) 69pp. 469-477
Hordem murinum is a widespread weedy/wild species, growing in different ecological conditions in Iran. Populations of H. murinum subsp. glaucum (2n = 2x = 14) and subsp. leporinum (2n = 4x, 6x = 28, 42) are found in this region. Inter-retroelement amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers were used to analyse the genetic diversity of 57 accessions of H. murinum from different regions of Iran, and to examine patterns of diversity related to the taxonomy and geography. Eight IRAP primer combinations amplified a total of 241 distinct DNA fragments sized 150-1400 bp, from which 236 (97.9%) were polymorphic. On average, each primer combination amplified about 30.12 fragments (ranged from 23 to 34) in PCR. The patterns of genetic diversity were closely correlated with taxonomic groups, ploidy levels and geographic origin. Along with the high genetic diversity, three geographic sub-genepools were evident, 1: in the North-Northeast region along the Alborz Mountains, 2: in the West-Northwest region along the Zagros Mountains, and 3: in the Central - Southern region. The genetic diversity in diploids was higher than polyploids. Also genetic diversity in W-NW region along the Zagros Mountains was considerably higher than that of the other regions. © 2014 Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Wien.
Nasernakhaei, F. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Tavassoli, M. Phytotaxa (11793163) 143pp. 43-53
This study concerns the taxonomic investigation of the Iranian diploid Triticum gene pool using morphology and PCRSSCP analysis of ITS nrDNA. A co-occurrence of two character states of leaf indumentum and anther length was found to be diagnostically significant among these taxa. Three SSCP profiles were detected among our specimens. Sequencing the representatives of different SSCP patterns detected three new nrITS haplotypes. Based on the results of this study we concluded that the genus Triticum at diploid level is represented by two taxa in Iran: T. monococcum subsp. aegilopoides and T. urartu, which is a new taxonomic interpretation of the former taxon. The phylogenetic neighbor-joining tree based on nrITS confirms this interpretation. © 2013 Magnolia Press.
Asian Journal of Plant Sciences (16823974) 11pp. 62-69
Cynodon dactylon is widely distributed in Iran in diverse habitats. In this study, morphological variation of 46 populations of this species was evaluated based on 52 qualitative and quantitative characters to reveal the true taxonomic situation of the species. High morphological variation with no significant correlation with geographical and ecological conditions was observed. Among the morphological characters, presence of hair on leaf and sheath surfaces and spike color had major role on groupings in dendrogram. Based on the results of this study, presence of pilose hairs on leaf surfaces and outer surface of leaf sheath were shown to be stable diagnostic characters in detecting infraspecific taxa and accordingly, the species C. dactylon present in Iran two varieties: var. dactylon and var. villosus Regel. A morphological description for this species and taxonomic key of the varieties are provided. © 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (09259864) 58pp. 497-505
The mountain rye Secale strictum is native to the Middle East and is the progenitor of the cultivated rye. Regarding lack of information about the genetic diversity of this species in Iran, this study was aimed to evaluate its genetic variation and to examine the patterns of diversity related to the varieties and geography. Fifteen wheat and rye derived microsatellite markers were used to achieve this aim. High levels of diversity, with an average number of 6.1 alleles per locus (ranging up to 11) and high level polymorphism with polymorphism rate averaging 0.624 (between populations) and 0.357 (within populations) were observed among 125 individuals from 19 populations collected from various regions of Iran. The Northwestern populations showed the highest and the Northern populations showed the lowest polymorphism and diversity. One population of the Northwest of the country was notably closer in its allele range to the S. cereale accessions used as outgroup. No taxon or geographic specific marker was detected, suggesting high gene flow between the populations, however some groupings which can be related to the geographic regions and varieties, were evident. The analysis of molecular variance attributed same portions of genetic diversity to the within and between populations with no significant variation among different geographic regions. The results of this study indicated that the Iranian genepool of Secale strictum is valuable to search for new useful alleles for crop improvement. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Bordbar, F. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Blattner, F.R. Plant Systematics and Evolution (16156110) 291(1)pp. 117-131
Cereal species of the grass tribe Triticeae are economically important and provide staple food for large parts of the human population. The Fertile Crescent of Southwest Asia harbors high genetic and morphological diversity of these species. In this study, we analyzed genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among D genome-bearing species of the wheat relatives of the genus Aegilops from Iran and adjacent areas using allelic diversity at 25 nuclear microsatellite loci, nuclear rDNA ITS, and chloroplast trnL-F sequences. Our analyses revealed high microsatellite diversity in Aegilops tauschii and the D genomes of Triticum aestivum and Ae. ventricosa, low genetic diversity in Ae. cylindrica, two different Ae. tauschii gene pools, and a close relationship among Ae. crassa, Ae. juvenalis, and Ae. vavilovii. In the latter species group, cloned sequences revealed high diversity at the ITS region, while in most other polyploids, homogenization of the ITS region towards one parental type seems to have taken place. The chloroplast genealogy of the trnL-F haplotypes showed close relationships within the D genome Aegilops species and T. aestivum, the presence of shared haplotypes in up to three species, and up to three different haplotypes within single species, and indicates chloroplast capture from an unidentified species in Ae. markgrafii. The ITS phylogeny revealed Triticum as monophyletic and Aegilops as monophyletic when Amblyopyrum muticum is included. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (09259864) 57(3)pp. 415-422
Microsatellite markers were used to analyse the genetic diversity of 120 individuals of 20 weedy/wild populations of Secale cereale collected all around Iran. High levels of diversity, with an average number of seven alleles per locus (ranging up to 11) and high level polymorphism with polymorphism rate averaging 0.645 (between populations) and 0.364 (within populations) were observed. The Northwestern populations showed the highest and the Northern populations showed the lowest polymorphism and diversity. One population was notably more similar to five of the S. strictum used as outgroups. No taxon or geographic specific marker was detected, suggesting high gene flow between the populations, however some groupings which can be related to the subspecies, were evident. This survey showed the high genetic diversity within the Iranian rye genepool as an important source for crop breeders, and indicated that there is value in sampling for useful genes for crops improvement. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.
Ehtemam, M.H. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Tabatabaei, B.E.S. ,
Krattinger, S.G. ,
Keller, B. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences (14220067) 11(11)pp. 4309-4325
The relationships among 55 wheat accessions (47 accessions collected from Iran and eight accessions provided by the Institute of Plant Biology of the University of Zurich, Switzerland) belonging to eight species carrying A genome (Triticum monococcum L., T. boeoticum Boiss., T. urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan, T. durum Desf., T. turgidum L., T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübler, T. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebner) Schweinf. And T. aestivum L.) were evaluated using 31 A genome specific microsatellite markers. A high level of polymorphism was observed among the accessions studied (PIC = 0.77). The highest gene diversity was revealed among T. durum genotypes, while the lowest genetic variation was found in T. dicoccoides accessions. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a significant genetic variance (75.56%) among these accessions, representing a high intra-specific genetic diversity within Triticum taxa in Iran. However, such a variance was not observed among their ploidy levels. Based on the genetic similarity analysis, the accessions collected from Iran were divided into two main groups: diploids and polyploids. The genetic similarity among the diploid and polyploid species was 0.85 and 0.89 respectively. There were no significant differences in A genome diversity from different geographic regions. Based on the genetic diversity analyses, we consider there is value in a greater sampling of each species in Iran to discover useful genes for breeding purposes. © 2010 by the authors.
Jalilian, N. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. ,
Saeidi, H. ,
Maassoumi, A.A. ,
Maroofi, H. Feddes Repertorium (1522239X) 121(1-2)pp. 81-84
Vicia kurdica Jalilian sp. nova, is described from Iran and presented in line drawing. It is compared with the morphologically close related V. lathyroides L., V. cuspidata BOISS. and V. sativa L. © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Saeidi, H. ,
Tabatabaei, B.E.S. ,
Rahimmalek, M. ,
Talebi-badaf, M. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (09259864) 55(8)pp. 1231-1238
The diploid goatgrass Aegilops tauschii is considered the D-genome donor of bread wheat and has probably a centre of diversity in north of Iran. In order to measure the genetic diversity of and the relationships among different populations, varieties and subspecies belonging to Ae. tauschii in Iran, DNA was extracted from 48 accessions of Ae. tauschii collected across the geographic range of the species in the Country and the genetic diversity was assessed using AFLPs based on eight PstI/MseI +3 primer pairs resulted in 277 bands, 198 of which were polymorphic. High level polymorphism was detected, with an average of polymorphism rate of 0.715; relatively low genetic similarity (0.455) between accessions and significant difference between the lowest (0.179) and the highest genetic similarity (0.817). The Iranian Ae. tauschii populations showed high level of genetic diversity. The populations studied were divided into two groups: one group was mainly representing Northern populations collected from Southern Caspian Sea shore and the other group was mainly representing Northeast and Northwest populations. Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that Ae. tauschii possesses two separate gene-pools in Iran: Northern and Northeastern-Northwestern. Considering the needs for introducing new characteristics and alleles for wheat improvement purposes, Ae. tauschii Iranian gene-pool is assumed to be of high importance for more investigation in the future. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Saeidi, H. ,
Rahiminejad, M.R. ,
Heslop-harrison j.s., Annals of Botany (03057364) 101(6)pp. 855-861
• Background and Aims: The diploid goat grass Aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14) is native to the Middle East and is the D-genome donor to hexaploid bread wheat. The aim of this study was to measure the diversity of different subspecies and varieties of wild Ae. tauschii collected across the major areas where it grows in Iran and to examine patterns of diversity related to the taxa and geography. • Methods: Inter-retroelement amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers were used to analyse the biodiversity of DNA from 57 accessions of Ae. tauschii from northern and central Iran, and two hexaploid wheats. • Key Results: Eight IRAP primer combinations amplified a total of 171 distinct DNA fragments between 180 and 3200 bp long from the accessions, of which 169 were polymorphic. On average, about eight fragments were amplified with each primer combination, with more bands being amplified from accessions from the north-west of the country than from other accessions. • Conclusions: The IRAP markers showed high levels of genetic diversity. Analysis of all accessions together did not allow the allocation of individuals to taxa based on morphology, but showed a tendency to put accessions from the north-west apart from others regions. It is speculated that this could be due to different activity of retroelements in the different regions. Within the two taxa with most accessions, there was a range of IRAP genotypes that could be correlated closely with geographical origin. This supports suggestions that the centre of origin of the species is towards the south-east of the Caspian Sea. IRAP is an appropriate marker system to evaluate genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships within the taxa, but it is too variable to define the taxa themselves, where more slowly evolving morphological, DNA sequence or chromosomal makers may be more appropriate. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (09259864) 53(7)pp. 1477-1484
Microsatellite markers were used to analyse the biodiversity of 57 accessions of different subspecies and varieties of wild Aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14; D genome) collected across the major areas where it grows in Iran. Levels of diversity were high, with numbers of alleles averaging 7.3 (ranging up to 12) and polymorphism information contents averaging 0.6591. One accession was notably more similar to two of the D genome in hexaploid wheats (Triticum aestivum) used as outgroups. Within the Ae. tauschii accessions, no markers were characteristic for taxa or geographical origin, suggesting high gene flow between the subspecies and varieties, although some groupings, which could be related to geographical origin, were evident. This survey demonstrates the high diversity present in wild goatgrass in Iran, and indicates that there is value in sampling for useful genes for wheat breeding. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
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