Research Output
Articles
Publication Date: 2025/05/07
Journal of Applied Psychological Research (22518126)16pp. 85-102
Deficits in inhibitory control are a prominent feature of children with ADHD. The aim of the present study was to apply cognitive inhibition training to improve the performance of students with ADHD. The population of the present study consisted of all students with ADHD in Tehran in 2023-2024, of which 34 students were selected through purposive sampling from a psychological center in Tehran. The 34 participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (17 people) and a control group (17 people). The experimental group received cognitive inhibition training for 10 sessions of 30 minutes, while the control group remained in the waiting condition. The assessment tools included the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, and the Integrated Visual-Auditory Performance Test (IVA-2). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-23 software. The findings showed that cognitive inhibition training significantly improved the performance of total attention, response control, and visual sustained attention (P<0.001), but had no significant effect on auditory sustained attention. Based on the reported findings, cognitive inhibition can help improve attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. In general, designing similar programs can improve the overall performance of individuals with inhibition deficits through the mechanism of eliminating irrelevant stimuli and increasing focus on target stimuli.
Publication Date: 2024/06/21
Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management (22518223)39(4)pp. 1289-1321
Our brain receives only the information that is interested in and able to see and hear. On the other hand, only a portion of the input information is incorporated into our knowledge structure. Behavior is the result of learning, meaning that learning causes a change in behavior. Information behavior refers to the activities that a person engages in to fulfill their information needs. This essay aims to provide an overview of the information circulation process in the human mind based on the theory of information processing. This will be achieved through a review of scientific texts and research conducted in this field.
The current research utilized the review method based on theory of information processing. It involved categorizing, integrating, and evaluating previously published texts on this topic. Given the complexity of the information processing process, the study aimed to assess information behavior through the lens of information selectivity. A total of 28 Persian sources and 65 Latin sources (5 of which were translated) were utilized from the available information sources. These sources were ultimately divided into three main groups: 37 sources in the field of psychology and cognitive sciences, 42 sources in the field of information science and epistemology (information behavior), and 14 sources in other related fields.
Findings of the research revealed a reduction process at all stages of information processing; i.e.: 1. data entry through the senses,
2. information selection and processing, 3. memory and information storage, and 4. information learning and behavior. Additionally, the investigations demonstrated the potential for conducting basic and applied research in order to enhance information storage and retrieval systems. Across the majority of the reviewed texts and research, the selective impact of information and its consequences on human behavior, particularly information behavior were evident.
The research results indicate that focusing on the selective approach to information in users’ information behavior process is crucial for understanding user behavior and designing effective information retrieval systems. The successful operation of information systems in information retrieval, leading to improved relevance, should be guided by users’ information behavior and the factors influencing it. This should also serve as a means to enhance the positive aspects of their information behavior. Therefore, all behavioral aspects and influencing factors need to be identified and examined. A key consideration in information system design is creating diagrams that accommodate users’ limitations to enhance learning. One challenge with databases is presenting materials in a way that enhances production without overwhelming the user’s information processing system.
Sharifi, A.,
Kamari songhorabadi, S.,
Khayati, G.,
Martin söelch, C.,
Dentz, A. Publication Date: 2025
Early Human Development (03783782)207
Recent research indicates that deficits in auditory functions constitute a core aspect of ADHD symptomology. In this study, we investigated auditory attention and response control in children with ADHD-I (predominantly inattention presentation) and ADHD-C (combined presentation), compared with typically developing children (TD). The clinical sample consisted of 40 ADHD-I (female = 25), 33 ADHD-C (female = 13), and 48 age-matched TD children (female = 22), of mean ages 8.10, 8.63, and 8.56 y, respectively. We evaluated all participants in auditory neuropsychological functions using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Test (IVA). MANOVA, and applied post hoc tests to examine group differences in auditory function. The TD group showed significantly better performance comparted to the the ADHD-C and ADHD-I groups in all auditory functions (p < 0.05). Compared to the ADHD-C group, the ADHD-I group performed significantly better in auditory attention, response control, sustained attention, prudence, and consistency (p < 0.05). These results indicate that children with ADHD, particularly the ADHD-C subgroup, face significant challenges in auditory functions, thus highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address these difficulties. Future research should investigate the underlying neural mechanisms contributing to the observed functional differences and explore mitigating interventions in children with ADHD. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
