Abtract: Today, management and conservation of historical textures have become an urgent and challenging issue. Because many actors play a role in managing the historical texture of metropolitan cities. Therefore, the coordination of these actors and the coherent management of the historical texture are of particular importance. Accordingly, the present study seeks to identify actors and rank them in the historical texture management system of the Shiraz Metropolitan Area in order to assess and analyze the realm of integrated management in the historical texture by recognizing the existing challenges. In this research, based on theoretical foundations, various indicators of urban management in the areas of planning, policy making, legislation, etc., and in the form of a questionnaire of experts (20 samples), were ranked by various actors of urban management using the Delphi model and Weighing is done in the Super Decision software using the ANP model. The results of this research show that due to centralized management of the historical texture, national and state institutions play the most role in policy making and planning of historical texture. Also, local management organizations such as the municipality and city council operate more than supervisory, service and development agencies than they have a managerial role. The above managerial gap has led to the loss of local capital and the reluctance of the private sector and citizens to participate. Therefore, the application of integrated urban management approach in the historical context of Shiraz city is an inevitable necessity, which can reduce the functional divisions governing the management system and improve its performance.
In recent years, cultural and historical heritage tourism has grown rapidly. The city of Gorgan has 150 hectares of historical texture, which offers favorable opportunities for tourism attraction and economic profitability of urban management. The purpose of this paper is regeneration strategies prioritization of the Gorgan City historical context with tourism sustainable development approach for utilizing urban management of its opportunities and capacities. In this research, SWOT and QSPM quantitative matrix method has been used for presenting historical texture regeneration strategies with sustainable tourism approach in Gorgan. The findings of the research show that the historical context of Gorgan has strengths 12, weaknesses 13, opportunities 8 and threats 12. Based on the SWOT matrix, regeneration of historical texture with tourism sustainable development approach in Gorgan has requires diversity strategies (ST). Based on the QSPM matrix, two strategies have been selected as the best strategies for historical texture regeneration of Gorgan city with an emphasis on tourism sustainable development. They are included " Pathology of risk-prone areas and and rules for new builders in order to coordinate with the valuable historical structure for attracting tourists" and "Revitalizing the original historical bone and the hidden value of the monuments, Public spaces, collections and urban texture " with 5.333 and 4.755 scores. As a result, due to the lack of attention of urban management, the strengths and opportunities of the historical context of Gorgan have been affected by weaknesses and threats. Hence, should provide the prospect of its prosperity with reducing the weaknesses and threats by diverse strategies.
Ghorbani, A., Zangiabadi, A., Mousazadeh, H., Akbarzadeh almani, F., Zhu, K., Dávid, L.D.
Sustainability (Switzerland) (20711050)15(12)
Traveling to space and walking on other planets has always been a great dream for many tourists. Given that space tourism is not available to everyone, adventurers have always been looking for special and strange places that evoke the feeling of traveling to other planets, especially Mars. One of these places which is very similar to Mars is the Lut Desert World Heritage Site. The present study aims to introduce the Martian sites of the Lut Desert and offers a special type of trip to this beautiful desert that can further preserve it with a sustainable development approach. The statistical sample of the research is based on the qualitative analysis method, consisting of 18 participants, which consists of experts, desert tour guides, and tourists who have visited the studied sites. After the data collection process, the interviews were transcribed and analyzed using Maxqda 2020 software. The results of the research indicate that the four sites identified in the research, according to the participants, are similar to the images and videos published of Mars. Moreover, this new branch of desert ecotourism can develop sustainable ecotourism in the Lut Desert.
International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development (21873666)9(2)pp. 94-111
Nowadays, social vitality is one of the most important needs of human communities, as citizens particularly those living in megacities have less opportunity to think about themselves and their needs, and may suffer from depression. As happiness is influenced by numerous structures of urban community, it also can influence development process as well as excellence of citizens and urban society; thus, this subject has been studied more from a psychological and sociological point of view. Accordingly, all the indicators influencing happiness in city should be considered in planning to have a happy city. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate and identify criteria and sub-criteria of a happy city, as well as determining importance of these variables. In this study, the research method is mixed in terms of data type; fundamental in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of the method of research. Qualitative data were collected using the documentary method and open questionnaire (first round of the Delphi method) and text analysis. Quantitative data were collected using the cross-sectional survey method with experts’ questionnaires (the Delphi technique in three rounds). Sample size included 30 Iranian academic authors; that were selected using purposive sampling method. Results showed that, among 5 dimensions of happy city planning, economic, managerial-administrative are substantial, respectively. Among indicators, welfare and health were identified as the most significant indicators. Efficient management, social justice, mental-moral health, citizenship rights, income level, quality of life, urban security rate, and having a proper job were considered as the most important variables. Copyright@SPSD Press from 2010, SPSD Press, Kanazawa
Journal of Environmental Studies (10258620)37(59)pp. 113-122
Introduction: A problem which urban planners are always faced with is the unequal growth and development of region. If we take a look at spatial distribution of facilities in regions we can notice that these activities have not been distributed equally. Therefore, one of the common criteria in urban and regional planning is the ranking of regions based on their share of different development indicators. On the one hand, the existing inequality between urban and rural areas and increasing in recent years, the need for more such research will reveal. In this research attempted to Evaluation and analysis of development indicators in township of Fars province by using factor and cluster analysis techniques. In this research having gone through different techniques of factor analysis every townships in Fars province gained some scores in relation to extracted factors. The result of combination index scores has shown in the table of (3). This study determined the most important goals of development levels, reduction and analysis of development indicators using factor analysis, identify homogeneous clusters by using cluster analysis techniques and was provide Solutions and strategy to achieve sustainable development in the township of Fars province. Materials and Methods: Methods comparison has been study methods, quantitative and analytical. Statistical Society of research has 24 township of Fars province in 1385 and they formed the indicators was assessed 43 indicators. To determine the first phase of development of 64 selected variables, with more survey than 21 studies varied due to the lack of information about all city of Fars province review excluded, and final review was conducted with the composite index is 43. The technique of Factor analysis is a statistical method used to describe variability among observed variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved variables called factors, it is possible, for example, that variations in three or four observed variables mainly reflect the variations in fewer such unobserved variables. Factor analysis searches for such joint variations in response to unobserved latent variables. The observed variables are modeled as linear combinations of the potential factors, plus "error" terms. The information gained about the interdependencies between observed variables can be used later to reduce the set of variables in a dataset. Factor analysis originated in psychometrics, and is used in behavioral sciences, social sciences, Geography and other applied sciences that deal with large quantities of data. The technique of Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of assigning a set of objects into groups (called clusters) so that the objects in the same cluster are more similar (in some sense or another) to each other than to those in other clusters. Case study: Fars province: Fars Province with an area of 122661.073 sq km is located between 27 degree and 00 minutes to 31 degrees and 40 minutes north latitude from the equator and 50 degrees 30 minutes to 55 degrees and 45 minutes east of the Greenwich meridian. Fars Province is one of the 31 provinces and known as Cultural Capital of Iran. It is in the south of the country and its center is Shiraz. In 2006 this province had a population of 4.34 million people, of which 61.2% were registered as urban dwellers, 38.1% villagers, and 0.7% nomad tribes. The etymology of the word "Persian" is derived from the cultural capital of Iran and found in many ancient names associated with Iran. Finding: Finding of research show that using factor analysis technique has been the decrease of 43 variables to 6 final factors, these 6 factors explain and interprere 73.060 percent of variance. Due to a combination of indicators that factor scores obtained level scheme of Fars province has embarked on five levels. Consequently the result of using cluster analysis technique has been the grouping of township in Fars province into 5 homogeneous groups: •Group I: include the township of Shiraz, Lamerd, Abadeh, Lar and Khonj. Township in this group in terms of homogeneous group. •Group II: include the township of Khrmbyd, zarin dasht, Frashbnd, Mehr and Ghir & Karzyn; •Group III: include the township of Bavanat and Arsanjan; •Group IV: townships of Mamasani, Sapidan and Eghlid is located in this group and constitute a homogeneous group. •Group V: include the township of darab, Neyriz, Estahban, Fasa, Jahrom, Kazeroun, Firouzabad, Marvdasht and Pasargadae. Conclusion and Solutions: Results show that graded status indicators examined in the survey counties Persian has had inequality and imbalance. And consequently the city of Shiraz because of its excellence in the province of political centralism in the different dimensions of economic, social, cultural, etc. Strategies for planning sustainable development indicators in Fars province is as follows: • Strengthening education and health-medical indicators in Shiraz Township; • Strengthening health - medical, communications and housing indicators in Khrmbyd Township; • strengthening communication indicators in Abadeh Township; • strengthening educational, health - medical and cultural indicators in Arsanjan Township; • Strengthening education and health indicators in Sepidan Township; • strengthening residential and cultural indicators in Lamerd Township; • strengthening educational, health and housing indicators in Mamasani Township; • strengthening educational and residential indicators in Eghlid Township; • strengthening health - medical and cultural indicators in Bavanat Township; • Strengthening educational, communications, residential and cultural indicators in Khonj Township; • strengthening educational, communications, residential and cultural indicators in Lar Township; • Strengthening educational and health - medical indicators in Jahrom Township; • Strengthening communication, health - medical and cultural indicators in Estahban Township; • Strengthening residential, health-medical and cultural indicators in Neyriz Township; • strengthening educational, communications, housing and health - medical indicators in Firouzabad township; • Strengthening educational, health-medical, communications and housing indicators in kazeron township; • strengthening educational, communications, housing, health-medical and culture indicators in Fasa Township; • strengthening educational, health - medical and cultural indicators in mehr Township; • Strengthening educational, communications, health-medical and cultural indicators in Darab Township; • Strengthening the residential, education, health - medical and communication indicators in Pasargadae township; • strengthening educational, health-medical, communication, residential and cultural indicators in Marvdasht township; • Strengthening educational, health-medical, housing and cultural indicators in Ghir and Karzyn township; • strengthening health-medical, communications, residential and cultural indicators in Frashbnd township; • strengthening health-medical, communications, residential and cultural indicators in Zarin dasht township.
Journal of Environmental Studies (10258620)35(49)pp. 105-116
Nowadays, developing green spaces are on rise due to the fact that the population, urban structures and human needs for social, physical and emotional balance are also increasing. In Iran, paying attention to green spaces has risen along with the appearance of industries around the cities. In Isfahan city, green space planning has received significant attention from years ago which have been manifested through complexes such as Char Bagh, Bagh Karan, Hezar Jerib garden, Chelsorun garden, etc. However, in spite of the high amount of the green space per capita, the need for paying attention to these places has risen due to the factories and industrial units causing the environmental pollutions. Moreover, parks and green spaces spatial distribution in urban zones has not been carried out fairly; therefore, unequal distribution in different zones can be seen vividly. Thus, the present study has analyzed the developing indices level of parks and green space in different eleven zones of Isfahan as well as recognizing the shortages and future planning for these areas. This study has been carried out on a "comparative, descriptive and analytical" base. The statistical population of the study includes different eleven urban zones in Isfahan, which have been analyzed using 7 related indices concerning the parks and green spaces development. The primary data was gathered from the Isfahan Parks and Green Spaces Organization website, using the present maps. Combining 10 major indices, final indices of the study were extracted and were categorized in seven groups. At the next stage, the indices were divided into two groups: "practical (physical-humanistic)" and "elegant-biological". Analyzing their lack of balance using the green space index led to the final index for the green spaces development in Isfahan. The practical steps of this model contain: 1) spatial distribution of greenery development indices Equation presented) green space insufficiency index Equation presented) green space development index Equation presented Finally, presenting a regression model, the priorities for the green spaces in different zones and the effective indices of green spaces development were recognized. Software such as SPSS and Arc View GIS were utilized in this study to analyze the subject more precisely. The utilized indices in this study include primary indices, practical indices (physical-humanistic), elegant-biological indices and the final index of green space development. The primary indices have been established using the variables such as population, area, green spaces measurement, seasonal and permanent flower planting, and the space under tree planting, urban and local parks' area, the developed green spaces in different zones in 2006, and the number of the trees in different parks. Practical indices have been constituted of "the proportion of green space to the zone population in 2006" index and "the proportion of green space to the zone area". The elegant-biological indices involve the five following indices: 1. The index of beautifying green space: this index has been measured from the proportion of permanent and seasonal lawns spaces to the total measurement of the zones. 2. The index of green space sustainability: the index of green space sustainability has been measured through dividing the tree planted spaces to the total green spaces area of each zone. 3. The index of recreation spaces in parks and urban green spaces: it has been calculated from measuring the proportion of urban and local parks area to the green space of each zone. 4. The index of green space development: the proportion of the developed green spaces in 2006 to the existing green space of each zone constitutes the above mentioned index. 5. The index of tree density in a level unit (square meter): dividing the total number of the trees to the urban parks area will lead to this index. The findings show that the mean of the practical development index in our studied zone is 0.33 and the highest amount is related to the zone number 6 with an amount of 0.64, and the least is for the zone number 1 with an amount of 0.15. The index of practical green space development is higher than the total mean in 54/5 % of these zones including zone number 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9; while this index is lower in 45/5 % of these zones including zone number 1, 3, 7, 10, 11. Regarding the index of practical development, zones number 6, 9, 4 are located among the highest levels with the indices of 0/64, 0/50 and 0/45 respectively. On the other hand, zones number 10, 3 and 1 are among the lowest ones with the indices of 0/16, 0/15 respectively. Zones number 8, 5, 2, 11, 7 own the fourth to eighth level with the indices of 0/41, 0/40, 0/37, 0/25, 0/22 respectively. The mean of elegant-biological green space development index in Isfahan eleven zones is 0/35. the index of elegant-biological developments in Isfahan green spaces is higher than the total mean in 63/6 % of the zones including 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. This index is lower than the total mean in 27/3 % of the zones including 1, 2, and 6; while this amount is equal to the total mean for zone number 3. Zones number 4, 8, 5 and 9 are among the four highest levels with the indices of 0/46, 0/43 and 0/42 respectively; while zones number 6, 2 and 1 are the last ones with the indices of 0/30, 0/22 and 0/18. Zones number 11, 10, 7 and 3 are the fifth to eighth ranks respectively. The final index of green space development has been acquired from combining practical development index and the elegant-biological development index using the average level of them. According to the findings, the final green space development mean in Isfahan eleven zones is 0/35, with the highest amount of 0/47 for zone number 6 and the lowest amount of 0/16 for zone number 1. The final index of green space development in Isfahan city is higher than the mean in some zones including number 4, 5, 6, 8, 9; while it is lower in the other zones. Therefore, zones number 6, 9 and 4 were the first three ones; while zones 10, 3 and 1 are the lowest ones ranking amongst the eleven zones respectively. In our present research, standard deviation and their mean has been utilized in order to categorize the indices. Therefore, reducing the standard deviation of a mean and increasing the standard deviation of every index has resulted in the green space development level in different zones. According to the measurements carried out in this research, zones number 6, 9, 4 and 8 are considered high-green on the basis of their practical developments. Zones number 5, 2 and 11 (27/27 percent of the zones) stands the second level and are considered as medium-green. Zones number 7, 10, 3 and 1 (36/36 % of the zones) stand the third level and are considered as low-green.Zones number 4, 8, 9, 5 and 11 are considered high-green on the basis of their elegant-biological development. Zones number 10, 7, 3 and 6 (36/36 % of the zones) stand the second level, considered as medium-green. Finally, zones number 1 and 2 (18/18 % of the zones stand the third level, considered as low-green. According to the findings, zones number 6, 9, 4, 8 and 5 are high-green on the basis of their green space development. Zones number 11 and 12 (18/18 5 of the zones stand the second level considered as medium-green. Zones number 7, 10, 3 and 1 (36/36 % of the zones) stand the third level considered as low-green. The green spaces priority in Isfahan has been measured and analyzed using the statistical software such as SPSS and the multi-variant regression model on the basis of seven indices sores and final index of green space development (GSDI). In this study, the final index score has been considered as the dependent variable, while the other seven indices scores are considered as independent scores. According to the calculation, the measured R 2 was equal to 1 which shows that 99 % of the green spaces accessibility is on the basis of the present indices in our study. Investigating the significance level of the indices implied that regression and the linear relationship between the variables are significant (Sig.: 0/000). Regression equation for predicting the priorities in green space development in Isfahan has been obtained as follow: Y= -0/219-0/012 II+ 0/003 I 2 + 0/714 I 3 + 0/184 1 4 + 0/215 I 5 + 0/405 I 6 + 0/0961 I 7 Analyzing β shows that the indices number 1, 2, 4, 3, 7, 5, and 6 are more in predicting the green spaces development in Isfahan. Since single-unit change in standard deviation of studied indices causes some change in standard deviation of GSDI to the amount of 0/810, 0/737, 0/320, 0/320, 0/297, 0/292, 0/291, and 0/289. Therefore, considering the regression model, it could be stated that the priorities for Isfahan GSDI include:1) proportion of green space to population, 2) proportion of green space to zone dimension, 3) green space sustainability, 4) beautifying the green space, 5) tree density in each level unit, 6) parks and recreation spaces index, 7) GSDI. In order to decrease the differences between the urban zones, the above mentioned indices are suggested according to high-green, medium-green and low-green development of green spaces. Therefore, balancing the parks and green spaces are carried out hierarchically and on the basis of spatial order. Otherwise, not only the differences are increased, but also the spatial inequality and imbalance are increased and the notion of social justice will be doubted.
Journal of Environmental Studies (10258620)34(47)pp. 1-10
Ecotourism as a means to promote cohabitation between men and society, for the purpose of economic utilization, has come to such a position in our country that ecotourism activities have been considered the fourth sector of human activities, after agriculture industry and services. This is called by economist as invisible export. Since ecotourism resource of every region determines the way it should be utilized. CharMahal and Bakhtiari Province with all its beautiful intact nature and landscapes can be considered as an Ecotourist pol. It's been met aphorized as the sleeping beauty in Zagross mountain range, the land of upside down, tulips roof top of Iran etc. Attention to the region as a source of life diversity has comparative advantage over other branches of ecotourism and it can be used as a means in developing the region in terms of economic culture and social growth. (Intrinsic development). This study aims at assessing the ecotourism capabilities of CharMahal and Bakhtiari province using SWOT Model. The method for gathering data and information required for the research is mostly documentary, analytical and measurement. Research finding indicate that this province is capable of becoming as a great ecotourism pols, and in this Province necessity of promoting of investment with a focus on ecotourism is touching, for this purpose of paving the way for sustainable development is great.
