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Physical Culture and Sport, Studies and Research (20812221) 97(1)pp. 21-31
The aim of this study was to measure the effects of educational intervention on sports law concepts on coaches' attitude, knowledge, and behavior. The method of the study was quasi-experimental, including two groups, pretest and posttest stages, and a follow-up study. A total of 50 coaches from Eghlid in Fars Province, Iran, were selected using the convenience sampling method. They were then randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. A researcher-made educational protocol was used for educating coaches who participated in the experimental group on the concepts of sports law. Then, in order to measure the efficiency of the educational protocol, three questionnaires were employed to measure the coaches' attitudes and their knowledge about the concepts and regulations of sports law, as well as their behavior related to the principles and regulations of sports law at sports clubs. The covariance analyzing test and ANOVA with repeated measures were employed to analyze the data provided by the study's instruments. The results indicated that the educational intervention of this study positively changed the attitude of the coaches in the experimental group towards the concept of sports law. In addition, the educational intervention of this study significantly improved the knowledge of coaches in the experimental group about the rules and regulations of sports law. Furthermore, the behavior of the coaches in the experimental group changed in that they began properly implementing the principles and regulations of sports law after participating in eight educational sessions. Moreover, the effects of the educational intervention in this study remained for three months following the completion of the intervention. © 2022 Hamidreza Mirsafian et al., published by Sciendo.
Physical Culture and Sport, Studies and Research (20812221) 77(1)pp. 34-40
This study aimed to measure the effect of social intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior and entrepreneurial behaviors among staff members in a sport organization in Iran, with the effect on social capital as a mediating variable. The method of this study was survey, and 205 staff members were selected using stratified random sampling. The instrument in this study included four standard questionnaires measuring social intelligence (Silvera, Martinussen & Dahl, 2001), social capital (Nahapiet & Ghoshal, 1998), OCB (Organ, 1988), and EB (Mirsafian & Salimi, 2016). The data was analyzed by employing SPSS and AMOS Graphics software. The results indicated that the staff's social intelligence had a direct effect on improving the social capital of the organization (β = 0.63). Also, social capital had a direct effect on increasing the staff's OCB (β = 0.20) and EB (β = 0.25). Furthermore, the staff's social intelligence had an indirect effect on increasing the social capital and improved their OCB (β = 0.51) and EB (β = 0.44). Hence, trying to increase the staff's social intelligence in sport organizations in Iran led to improving the staff's extra role behaviors as well as entrepreneurial behaviors at the organization, in addition to the effect of increasing the social capital in those organizations. © 2018 De Gruyter Open Ltd. All rights reserved.
Physical Culture and Sport, Studies and Research (20812221) 71(1)pp. 14-20
This study aimed to measure the cultural intelligence of physical education (PE) teachers' work adjustment in primary and secondary schools in a large city in Iran (Isfahan). The method of this research was descriptive (correlation) and the total population included all of the PE teachers at three educational levels in Isfahan in 1393 (2014) (N= 559). Participants (N= 226) were selected by using the stratified random sampling method according to the total population of the PE teachers in all six educational regions of Isfahan. A self-constructed cultural intelligence questionnaire (20 items) as well as a work adjustment scale (Davis & Lofqist, 1991) including 20 items were employed in this research. The regression and correlation tests were used for analyzing data. The results indicated that cultural intelligence significantly affects the PE teachers' work adjustment. There was also a significant correlation between cultural intelligence and the PE teachers' work adjustment.
Physical Culture and Sport, Studies and Research (20812221) 69(1)pp. 5-14
Background. It is undeniable that coaches play a major role in the development of athletes. Coaches and athletes have a close relationship and share various experiences that lead to a strong bond between them, and this is of great responsibility for the coach. Therefore, the coach should maintain this bond with mutual respect and trust. Various responsibilities are progressively placed on coaches by law to prevent or minimize injuries to athletes. In other words, since a coach is placed in a position of power and trust, the duty of care will always be placed on him. If certain requirements are not met, the coach may be held financially, or even criminally, liable. In this study, the author explains and discusses coaches' legal duties, legal liabilities, and the elements required for liability of coaches toward athletes. © by Hamidreza Mirsafian 2016.
World Leisure Journal (23334509) 58(3)pp. 193-206
This study aimed to discover and compare the students’ perceived constraints toward participation in physical activity and sport at Iranian and Hungarian universities. The hierarchical model of leisure constraints was used as a theoretical framework of this research. Persian and Hungarian language questionnaires yielded useable data from 1315 Iranian and 793 Hungarian participants. Descriptive and inferential analyses (t-test, MANOVA) were used for analyzing data. The results indicated that Iranian and Hungarian students experienced intrapersonal and structural constraints differently; however, they similarly perceived interpersonal constraints. Furthermore, female students perceived all kinds of constraints more than males at the Iranian universities, while Hungarian students did not show any differences based on gender. From the results it can be concluded that the differences between Iranian and Hungarian students might be related to various culture, values, norms and traditions dominant in each country. Also, various social and economic situations might affect the differences between them. The negative attitude of Iranian society toward women sport is mostly affecting the female students’ participation in regular activities in Iran. However, poor economic situation in Hungary and in most of Hungarian universities is the main hindering factor toward Hungarian students’ involvement in sport. © 2016 World Leisure Organization.
Iranian Studies (00210862) 48(4)pp. 551-566
This study investigates university coaches' knowledge about their legal duties toward their athletes, as well as the connection between the level of their legal knowledge and their educational, social and economic background. The results are presented according to three major dimensions: deficiencies in the coaches' training system, in their knowledge concerning their legal responsibility and the coaches' social recognition regarding their profession. The findings indicate that the coaches' training in Iran has a lot of weaknesses, including the neglect of legal issues, the consequence of which is that the Iranian university coaches do not have sufficient knowledge about the legal issues in general and they are not aware of their duty toward their athletes in particular. In Iran coaching is not considered as a prestigious occupation; in terms of social status coaches belong to the lower middle class. © 2014 © 2014 The International Society for Iranian Studies.
Iranian Studies (00210862) 47(6)pp. 951-966
Women's sport has always been a challenging subject in Muslim countries and Muslim women have had to face various constraints regarding their participation in sport and exercise, which also influence their attitudes to sport. This study aims to explore the attitude of Iranian female university students toward sport by survey method (N = 1,120) and qualitative interviews (N = 50). The results indicate that the majority of the participants have negative attitudes to sport, and accordingly they do not practice it. Various macro-, meso-and micro-level factors were found as perceived barriers. From the results it can be concluded that the media as a tool for raising awareness to providing role models and shaping the social values of mainstream society does not take a positive role in order to develop the culture of women's sport, and to change the attitude of female students and their social environments to sport in Iranian society. © 2013 The International Society for Iranian Studies.
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise (19885202) 7(1 SPECIAL ISSUE)
Volunteers form an integral part of the sport industry. Recognition of the volunteers' motivations to attract them in sport programs is the aim of each organization. Although several studies have been conducted regarding volunteers in sport, there is not a clear idea about the effective motivational factors on the sport volunteers on different communities. This subject might be due to the effects of social variables on the volunteering motivations. The aim of this study was to analyze the motivational factors in university sport. The samples consist all of the 304 students who participated as volunteers in sport programs at the Iranian universities. For data collection, a structured questionnaire comprising 39 items in the form of seven different factors (material, social, career supportive, purposive, progress and obligation) regarding the motivational factors of sport volunteering was used. The items in the questionnaire were scored on a 5-point Likert-type scale. This study demonstrated that the social and obligation factors were the highest and lowest effective factors on the sport volunteers' motivation. Also, there was a significant difference between the effect of social and career factors in two genders (P<0.05). This means that boys and girls had higher scores in career and social factors. In conclusion it is stated that university students have a large impact on the general ideas at the communities; therefore, promotion of sport volunteering activities at the universities could develop the culture of volunteering in various parts of the communities. © Faculty of Education. University of Alicante.
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise (19885202) 7(1 SPECIAL ISSUE)
Litigation is now a common occurrence and the sport environment is not excluded. The law affects all aspects of sport, whether you are an Olympic champion, a referee of a soccer game, a fan of special team, a constructor or seller of sports equipment, or a coach of team. Many circumstances do occur in the field of sports through which administrators, coaches, referees, et cetera, could be entangled in legal disputes on the conducts of their duties in sports. With of referee's career in the sport competitions and the effective role of them in the result of matches regards to the importance, discussion about the duties of referees, their responsibilities arising from breaching their duties, required factors for imposing liability to them, and the criteria of the standard referees are important. In this article, it is tried to analyze different aspects of civil liability of referees in the sport competitions. © Faculty of Education. University of Alicante.
