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Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (15735044)159(2)
Dracocephalum polychaetum Bornm. has a narrow expanse of distribution, mostly centered in the mountainous terrain of Kerman, Iran. Due to the value of its phytochemical profile and secondary metabolites, the current research aimed to increase phytochemical compounds by the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MJ) at several concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µM) in vitro. After callus induction and cell suspension culture establishment, the cells of D. polychaetum were treated with various MJ concentrations in separate treatment groups. The content of phytochemical compounds was then analyzed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The application of MJ imposed oxidative stress and alterations in fresh weight (FW). It also increased the activity of tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), leading to enhanced production of flavonol (TFL), total phenolic compounds (TPC), anthocyanin (Ant), flavonoid (TFD), H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and total antioxidant capacity in all treated cells compared to the control cells. Furthermore, the levels of apigenin, rutin, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p-cumaric acid, and vanillic acid within the all treated cells changed significantly. These findings suggest that MJ, particularly at low concentrations, has the potential to enhance the production of phytochemical compounds in D. polychaetum. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
Natural Product Research (14786427)38(20)pp. 3693-3698
The present study is an evaluation of Centella asiatica ethanolic extract in terms of total phenolic content, total flavonoids, total flavonols, anthocyanin, antioxidants, and antibacterial activities. Centella asiatica plants were collected from Guilan province, Iran. High-performance liquid chromatography-Diode array detector analysis demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of C. asiatica contained phenolic substances such as sinapic acid, catechin, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, hesperidin, eugenol, and hesperetin. The predominant phenolic compound in the extract was hesperetin. The antibacterial activities of the extract were highly potent against S. aureus and B. cereus. These findings suggest that C. asiatica is rich in phenolic compounds and can be utilised for future cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Journal Of Medicinal Plants And By-Products (23221399)13(4)pp. 1092-1102
Iberis amara L. medicinal herb is well-known for having pharmacological values although its use has been challenged by the low levels of secondary metabolites. For their bulk production, the present work aimed to investigate the effects of explants, different plant growth regulators, and photoperiod condition on the callus induction and cell suspension in I. amara, followed by investigating the chitosan effect on some secondary metabolites. A factorial experiment method based on completely randomized design with four replications was carried out. The optimum condition for induced callus achieved from the leaf explants in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 3 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1 mg/l 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) under 16-h light/8-h dark photoperiod. The MS enhanced with 3 mg/L BAP, 1 mg/L NAA, and 2% (w/v) sucrose appeared to be the optimum conditions for suspension establishment. Thus, the cells were exposed to different concentrations of chitosan (200, 100, 50, and 0 mg/l) in their exponential growth stage from day 8 to 12 and day 12 to 16 following sub-cultures (T1) and sub-cultures (T2), respectively. The contents of phenolics and malondialdehyde (MDA) were then examined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that 50 mg/Lchitosan significantly improved the total phenol, flavonoid, flavonol, and anthocyanin content in the I. amara in a dose-dependent manner. The highest malondialdehyde (MDA) amount, as a result of lipid peroxidation, was observed under the 200 ppm chitosan elicitation. Overall, these novel findings demonstrated the possibility of applying the cell suspension of I. amara treated with chitosan as a helpful approach for improving synthesizing phenolic compounds under controlled and sterile conditions. © 2012 Iranian Society of Medicinal Plants. All rights reserved.
Natural Product Research (14786427)37(13)pp. 2298-2302
This study was performed to evaluate the chemical constituents of the essential oils (EOs) from the leaves and stems of different accessions of Dorema ammoniacum D. Don and Dorema aucheri Boiss. collected in Iran. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified as the major fractions in EOs of stem (65.58–87.48%) and leaves (59.41–84.33%) samples. β-caryophyllene was identified as the major component in the EOs of leaves samples in all accessions of D. aucheri. Aromadandrene and tetradecane were identified as the major compound in stem and leaves samples of Dorema ammoniacum D. Don, respectively. The highest number of chemical constituents for leaves (27) and stem (28) samples were identified in D.au4 and D.au3 genotypes, respectively. The least number of chemical constituents for both leaves (18) and stem (19) samples were specified to D. ammoniacum species (D.am1 and D.am2). These results suggest the use of enriched-sesquiterpene hydrocarbons accessions of Dorema for future medicinal purposes. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Journal Of Medicinal Plants And By-Products (23221399)12(4)pp. 459-468
This study was performed to evaluate different secondary metabolites (SMs) and antioxidant activity in 14 different genotypes from methanolic extracts of plant samples (leaves and stem) from Dorema ammoniacum D. Don (D.am) and D. aucheri Boiss. (D.au). The contents of SMs and antioxidant activity were measured using UV-visible spectrophotometer. The highest total phenolics content (34.3 mg/GAE DW) and antioxidant activity (92%) through DPPH method were detected in leaves samples of D.au9 genotype. Highest levels of total flavonoids (5.5 mg QE/g DW) and total flavonols (3.6 mg QE/g DW) were observed in leaves of D.au12 and D.au2, respectively. The highest content of anthocyanin (250 nano mol/g FW) and carotenoids (18 mg/g DW) were found in leaves samples of D.au7 and D.au3 genotypes. The results showed the superiority of D. aucheri for different SMs rather than D. ammoniacum Finally, leaves samples of D. aucheri and D. ammoniacum species showed higher contents for secondary metabolites which may be suggested for further appliances with medicinal and industrial aims. © 2012 Iranian Society of Medicinal Plants. All rights reserved.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (02732289)194(2)pp. 601-619
Allium jesdianum Boiss. & Buhse. is the most important species of the Amaryllidaceae family with various pharmacological properties. Three subsequent experiments (germination, callogenesis, and elicitation) were carried out as a completely randomized design with six replication. At the first study, the highest seed germination (78.33%) was achieved at chemical pre-treatment including the combination of α-naphthalene acetic acid (1 mg L−1) and benzylaminopurine (3 mg L−1) under in vitro condition. The highest callus induction (86.7%) was observed at MS/2 media, which was supplemented by NAA (1 mg L−1) and BAP (3 mg L−1) from hypocotyl explants. Then, two chemical elicitors including methyl jasmonate (MeJ) (0, 25, 50, and 100 µM) and putrescine (Pu) (0, 0.5, and 1 mM) were used to investigate their effects on different biochemical traits under callus culture. The results showed the superiority of MeJ over Pu for increasing the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in calluses of Allium jesdianum, compared to the control. The highest contents for total phenolics (6.02 mg GAE g−1 FW), total flavonoids (0.52 mg QE g−1 FW), and total flavonols (0.39 mg QE g−1 FW) were observed under 50 µM of MeJ. Meanwhile, the highest value for anthocyanin (8.99 µ mol g−1 FW) was achieved at 25 µM of MeJ. The highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activities were observed at 50 and 100 µM of MeJ. Putrescine (0.5 mM) elicitation showed only superiority for callus growth rate (0.53 mm day−1). Enhancement of desired secondary metabolites at 50 µM MeJ could be suitable for future studies in biotechnological aspects of this medicinal plant. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Taghizadeh, M.,
Nasibi, F.,
Manouchehri kalantari, K.,
Mohseni-moghadam, M. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (15735044)147(2)pp. 365-377
Dracocephlum kotschyi Boiss is a genus in Lamiaceae family and a medicinal herb native to Iran. The cell suspension cultures were treated by static magnetic field (SMF) and Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) to understand the production yield of secondary metabolites. The treatment procedure was done by cultivating the cells either with 100 ppm MNP, SMFs, or simultaneous exposure to both MNP and SMFs. The SMF at 30 mT was uniformly applied to the cells either for 3 or 4 days with a 3 h per day or a 5 h per day intervals, respectively. The contents of phenolics and phytochemicals were then examined by high performance liquid chromatography and UV–Vis spectrophotometer. These treatments imposed oxidative stress and induced polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, accompanied by enhanced production of phenolics, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and lignin. The highest membrane embrittlement and elicitation was found upon simultaneous application of the MNPs and SMFs, followed by the MNP and SMFs. The contents of naringin, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, thymol, carvacrol, apigenin, and rutin increased in the intracellular biomass of all treated cells and extracellular culture media. These findings propose the potential of these elicitors in simultaneous production and secretion of these phytochemicals into culture media. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum (18611664)43(5)
Drought is a main stressor affecting plant production worldwide. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is known to exploit biochemical strategies to tolerate drought stress. However, the little so far known about these strategies does not guarantee safflower yield stability in future. To fill the gap, changes in the biochemical traits and antioxidant activities of safflower were monitored using 100 genotypes under the two non-stress and drought-stress field conditions in two subsequent years (2017 and 2018). While drought stress was observed to give rise to reversible increases in total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFD), total flavonols (TFL), total anthocyanin (Ant), proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant activity, it decreased total chlorophyll (ChlT) and total carotenoid (Car) contents in safflower. Under drought stress, the highest values for TPC (21.55 16.07 mg GAEg−1 fresh weight [FW]), Car (0.08 mg g−1 FW), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity (98%) were measured in G16, averaged over the two study years. Also the highest values for TFD (5.17 mg QEg−1 FW), TFL (1.99 mg QEg−1 FW), Ant (234.1 µmol g−1 FW), ChlT (0.67 mg g−1 FW), and proline (851 μmol g −1 FW) were recorded for G80, G60, G23, G62, and G33. The least MDA content (2.8 µmol g−1 FW) was denoted to G91 under drought stress. The results of both principal component and correlation analyses demonstrated the effective role of total flavonoids in safflower drought tolerance. The high genetic variance was seen to result in the high heritability of biochemical traits under drought stress, thereby improving drought tolerance in safflower cultivated in drought prone regions. The significant genetic variations in all the biochemical traits indicated that these traits, especially TPC and TFD, could be used as screening criteria for genotypic selection in arid climates. © 2021, Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków.
South African Journal of Botany (02546299)132pp. 79-86
Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. and D. polychaetum Bornm. (Lamiaceae family) are wild medicinal herbs native to Iran and a source of potential bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical and food industries. For their bulk production, the present work aimed to investigate the effects of explants, different plant growth regulators (PGRs), and photoperiod conditions on the callus induction and cell suspension of two Dracocephalum species. A factorial experiment method based on a completely randomized design with three replications was chosen. The best conditions for callus growth obtained on the 45th day from hypocotyl, stem, and leaf explants in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented by 1.0 mg. L−1 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 4.5 mg. L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in both D. polychaetum and D. kotschyi, while the best condition for callus growth from root explant was MS medium supplemented by 1.0 mg. L−1 NAA and 6.0 mg. L−1 BAP in both species. The cell suspension cultures of two species showed the highest growth rate in B5 media supplemented by 1.0 mg L−1 NAA and 2.5 mg L−1 BAP, with friable callus. The methanolic extracts of D. kotschyi and D. polychaetum cells were then determined by high performance liquid chromatography and recognized as a valuable source of such phenolics as rosmarinic acid, naringin, epicatechin, thymol, carvacrol, rutin, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, apigenin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. © 2020
Journal of Food Biochemistry (17454514)43(11)
The present study was conducted to determine the total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanin, and carotenoids as well as the antioxidant activity of 10 different Crozophora tinctoria accessions originated from Iran. The highest contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanin, and carotenoids were detected in C.t (2), C.t (10), C.t (10), C.t (9), and C.t (3) accessions, respectively. The highest antioxidant activities of the samples, evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and phosphomolibdate assays, were detected in C.t (8) and C.t (3), respectively. The highest phenyl aminolyase activity was observed in C.t (4). Ten phenolic compounds, including quercetin, catechin, ellagic acid, rosmarinic acid, hesperetin, eugenol, hesperidin, carvacrol, thymol, and kaempferol were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The best anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines was observed at C.t (8) accession, originated from Qazvin Region. This study confirmed that the C. tinctoria accessions with rich phenolics compounds may be recommended as a novel source of natural antioxidants for future aims in medicinal fields. Practical applications: According to this findings there was high variation among phenolics compounds of C. tinctoria which is revealed by HPLC analysis. This study identified phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activity in Iranian accessions of C. tinctoria. With an increase in the rate of cancer disease, superior accessions of C. tinctoria may be recommended as a novel source of natural antioxidants for ethno pharmacological aims as cancer therapy, and also in nutraceutical fields. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant (14752689)55(5)pp. 527-538
The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of different concentrations of sodium alginate (NaAlg) (0.075 and 0.15% (w/v)) on the production of secondary metabolites (SMs) and antioxidant activity of seven safflower genotypes under in vitro salinity stress. The results showed that total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids (TFD), total flavonols (TFL), anthocyanin (Ant), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT) activity, and lipid peroxidation significantly increased under salinity stress consisting of the concentration of 1.5% (w/v) of NaCl, but callus growth traits decreased. The highest amount of TPC, Ant, and callus growth traits was observed under the elicitation of the sample with the concentration of 0.075(%) NaAlg under salinity stress, but the highest amount for TFD, TFL, CAT, PAL, and TAC was observed under elicitation of the sample with the concentration of 0.15% of NaAlg under salinity stress. This indicated the superiority of NaAlg for elicitation to increase SMs in safflower under salinity stress. Overall, the results showed that genotypes of Mex.22-191 and GE62918 could be processed to produce SMs by eliciting NaCl in safflower as an important medicinal plant at cellular level. A positive and significant correlation between CAT and TPC was observed and indicates that phenolic compounds are the major contributors to the antioxidant potential in safflower. This new elicitor introduced new ways to select and exploit the best NaAlg concentration to develop SMs that are of tremendous importance in terms of commercial purposes along with medical features in safflower at cellular level. © 2019, The Society for In Vitro Biology.
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (15735044)136(3)pp. 489-498
Suspension-cultured Dracocephlum polychaetum Bornm. is a wild medicinal herb native to Iran, treated with a static magnetic field (SMF) and Fe 2 O 3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). The effect of SMF (30 mT), Fe 2 O 3 MNP (100 ppm) and the combination of these treatments on phenolic metabolism and the medicinal compounds were examined by high performance liquid chromatography and UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The activity of polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonialyase, as well as the content of total phenolics, flavonoid, anthocyanins, lignin and malondialdehyde in all treated cells, showed a significant difference with control. The intracellular content of rosmarinic acid, naringin, apigenin, thymol, carvacrol, quercetin and rutin, in all treated cells increased considerably. Their quantities also increased significantly in the treated cell culture media. These results suggest this increase is due to the increased production and secretion of the medicinal compounds from cells to the culture media upon application of SMF and Fe 2 O 3 MNP. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (15735044)137(3)pp. 575-585
This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of two elicitors, namely chitosan (CHT) (25 and 50 mg L−1) and salicylic acid (SA) (50 and 100 mg L−1) on the production of secondary metabolites (SMs) and antioxidant activity of safflower callus under salinity stress. The content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, total flavonols, anthocyanin and antioxidant activity with 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), significantly increased under salinity stress including 1.5% (w/v) sodium chloride. Under salinity stress, the highest content of total phenolics and total flavonoids were observed under elicitation by 50 (mg L−1) of SA and 25 (mg L−1) of CHT, but the highest callus growth rate (0.048 mm day−1), highest content of total flavonols (4.2 mg RE g−1 FW) and the highest DPPH activity (61.48% of inhibition) were observed under elicitation by 50 (mg L−1) of SA under salinity stress. This indicated partial superiority elicitation of SA over CHT for callus growth and SMs production of safflower under salinity stress. This new elicitation opens new avenues for the selection and exploitation of the best elicitors and their dosages for the enhancement of commercially important SMs in safflower as an important medicinal plant at cellular level. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (15735044)134(3)pp. 357-368
Carthamus tinctorius L., rich in antioxidant compounds, is a herbal medicine. Biochemical mechanisms of adaptation to salinity stress in safflower are still poorly understood at the cellular level. For this purpose, callus cultures of four different genotypes of safflower were used in this study to evaluate changes in their biochemical (ionic content, proline, and glycine betaine), total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFD), antioxidant responses (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl: DPPH assay and carotenoid content), and lipid peroxidation (malon dialdehyde content: MDA) under salinity stress. The calluses derived from hypocotyls were exposed to in vitro salt stress at different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM). A reducing trend was observed in K+ and carotenoid reserves of the calluses with increasing NaCl concentration while an increasing trend was observed in Na+ content, proline, MDA, TPC, TFD, and DPPH activity under the same conditions. Callus glycine betaine content was found to decrease in the medium containing 100 mM NaCl but increased beyond this concentration up to 300 mM NaCl. Positive and significant correlations were recognized between DPPH and total phenolics as well as DPPH and total flavonoid contents, demonstrating that phenolics are the main contributors to the potential antioxidant activity of safflower at the cellular level. Overall, the salt-tolerant genotypes of Mex.2-137 and Mex.2-138 were found capable of being processed for the production of secondary metabolites via NaCl elicitation. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature.
