Creative tourism is a type of emerging cultural tourism that focuses on skill development. Accordingly, cultural heritage, rituals, and handicrafts can be presented in such a way as to provide more interactions between visitors and the local population. In this regard, due to successive droughts in Isfahan city and thus the decreasing number of visiting tourists, it appears necessary to develop creative sociocultural tourism in the city, especially with regard to the Zayandehrood site. Therefore, this study sought to identify and prioritize socio-cultural factors involved in creative tourism from the perspective of the tourists who visited Zayandehrood using a descriptive-analytic and survey-based method. To this end, confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the collected data using the Amos software. The results indicated that among socio-cultural factors, it was the cultural ones that had the priority in creative tourism of Zayandehrood. Therefore, it could be argued that introducing the indigenous culture of the Zayandehrood area will be effective in attracting tourists even during the drought. Finally, Zayandehrood-based creative cultural tourism strategies were developed using the QSPM matrix, according to which "creating an atmosphere and organizing events based on the cultural capacities of Isfahan with an emphasis on Zayandehrood" turned out to be the prioritized strategy, with its score being 10.48.
The Emerging Theory of Urban Resilience, With a Comprehensive Look at All Community Capacities, is Replacing Inefficient Traditional Crisis Management Methods. This study investigates its resistance with regard to the important position of Isfahan metropolis in Iran's urban hierarchy, focusing on artificial environment, especially urban morphology and planning. In this regard, after selection and localization of the indices, in a holistic approach, three independent evaluation methods, including "field and statistical survey", "interviewing experts using Delphi method" and "family opinion survey using 1990 questionnaires", were used for resilience analysis. The methods of statistical analysis, canonical correlation and multivariate regression and SPSS and R-aided software were used. Surveys show a direct and appropriate correlation between the proposed and resilient indicators of "physical-spatial". The studies also show that the resilience values in the "physical-spatial" dimension of the Isfahan metropolitan area are close to average with values of 2.66. We used a five-level Likert scale of 1 (very low) to 5 (excellent). Also, based on the results, the first priority in planning resilience in terms of quantity is the "physical-spatial" dimension and in this dimension, the "Urban planning and morphology" Index, with a score of 2.53, tops the resiliency planning agenda. After that, the "accessibility index" comes in second with a value of 2.61 and finally the "quality of housing" area with a value of 2.69 is in the third priority of planning. The coefficients of the indexes in the "Resilience Predictive Regression Model" with 0.264 for the "Urban planning and morphology" index, 0.164 for the "Housing Quality Index" and with a very low difference, 0.162 for the "Accessibility Index", the same Results Confirms ranking in terms of the weight of the indicators. These results underscore the central role of 'urban planning' in promoting resilience of cities in the event of crises.
Establishing municipal space in spatial situation subordinates especial principles. Respecting principles can increase success and function of discussing elements in located areas; otherwise, it can cause their vulnerabilities. Applying urban planning principles, like planning of using municipal lots، municipal zoning, decentralization, suitable locating, and preventing development of districts adjacent to dangerous lot using can decrease ratio of vulnerability against threats in cities. Commercial buildings as one of the most important elements of the city have a significant role in facilitating crisis management against urban threats and risks in emergency situation. Therefore, in addition to structural and architectural axes, location is one of the most important and principled axis for assessing the vulnerability of large-scale commercial buildings. This research investigates the subject in large scale commercial buildings with developing- practical nature and descriptive method. In this research, evaluating location of huge commercial buildings uses two spatial criteria, skeletal and geographic and natural and environmental. Using swara and smart methods, this research investigates the subject. The results of evaluation of location indicators shows that criteria occurance are urban threats stand (geography and natural) in the first place with 0/5238 scores to crisis management facilitators criteria (skeletal and spatial) with weighing 0/4762. Using the proposed model, large scale commercial building against the threats and municipal hazards can be evaluated vulnerability and each indicator and criterion of these building vulnerability and weaknesses. Indicator of location in evaluating the vulnerability of the studied building equals to 64/9% that, according to adaptability of passive defense aspect, it is categorized as average building.
Pourmohammad, S., Shojaei, S.A., Kalantari khalil abad, H., Taghvaei, M.
برنامه ریزی توسعه شهری و منطقه ای (24765864)(14)pp. 55-80
In order to enhance residents' satisfaction with the living environment, this study seeks to discover the factors affecting environmental and social memories and analyze its micro-branches. According to library studies, the collective memories of the city were extracted as familiarity of residents with the neighborhood and neighborhood relations and criteria related to the formation of physical and spatial memories, as characteristics of the neighborhood center, signs and introversion. Theoretical model, 6 neighborhoods of Afifabad, Farhangshahr, Abyari, Zerehi, Modarres and Miyanroudshiraz were selected in three levels from the economic point of view. The type of research is developmental in terms of correlation method. Data collection was done in the field and survey method. Using SPSS analytical software and by analyzing Samples Test, ANOVA, Tukey and Pearson correlation coefficient, different dimensions of environmental memories and Social ones were evaluated as an independent variable and residents' satisfaction was assessed as a dependent variable. The results indicate that social memories are more effective than environmental memories on the level of satisfaction of Shiraz residents. If the factor that reminds the neighborhood of environmental memories and the factor of familiarity of people with the neighborhood of social memories are the most effective factor in increasing the residents' sense of satisfaction with their place of residence.
Coastal cities around the world are increasingly affected by various natural and unnatural hazards that addressing their vulnerability eventually improves resilience. The environmental dimensions of resilience by emphasizing the sustainability of the ecological system of cities improve their resilience against various environmental hazards. Based on the purpose this research is applied type and in order to investigate the factors related to improving the environmental resilience of coastal cities has done in two stages. The study area includes coastal cities of Bushehr province that have a functional role as the county center. The statistical population in the first stage consists of urban management experts and environmental activists and the second stage includes urban resilience specialists. In order to determine the factors related to improving the environmental resilience of coastal cities, the factor analysis method, and in order to determine the weight of each of these factors and assess the environmental resilience of the study area, the method of AHP has been used. Based on the results of factor analysis, the effective factors include "pollution control", "protection of available resources", "population and access to services" and "activity of volunteer groups" that the specific values respectively are 5.23, 3.08, 2.07, 1.50. According to the results of AHP, the factor of "pollution control" is the most important as compared to other factors, and among the coastal cities studied, Bushehr with a weight of 0.420 has the highest and Assaluyeh with a weight of 0.068 has the lowest level of environmental resilience.
Flooding can be the result of severe rainfalls, melting snow or ice, or damaging dams. The Gonbad-e-Kavoos city has been threatened by urban floods over the past few years, in particular the floods of 1991, 2000 and 2001.
Due to the lack of attention to the safety of the city after these hazards caused that this study has examined the potential of urban flood damage. Using a hierarchical analysis of AHP method and completing a questionnaire in an expert community of 35 people, we examined the flood risk factors in urban development. The results and its adaptation to the recent floods indicate the vulnerability of the city due to the several factors of external flood risk. For reducing these elements and Secure Urban Development, performing related studies and comprehensive planning by the relevant executive agencies on the agenda is necessary
Introduction
Climate change causes flood. When the flood enters the urban areas, it causes damage and sometimes the death of people, because when the city during its growth and development raises natural hydrologic spaces. When cities are exposed to floods or planning on flood plains, requires policies or programs for tackling floods. In the first step, programing for exposed city, flood facing and governing the adverse economic and social consequences requires the understanding the flood regime of the basins as well as a range of urban lands adjacent to each river that is in the potential risk of flooding. Thus for promoting city and lowering spaces safety, a model of urban development is needed.
Materials and Methods
The type of study and methodology is to examine hypotheses or answer questions, descriptive, empirical, content analysis, documentary and historical. The research methodology is descriptive and analytical based on field and library studies and map analysis which is a type of applied research. In this research, in order to assess the urban flood risk potential with and taking into account the factors involved in urban development in the form of studying the role of different organizations performance and the production of flood zoning map in a hierarchical analysis method, in a 35-member specialist community was subjected to a pair comparison. A hierarchical analysis process can be considered when decision-making practice has multiple decision options.
Discus and Results
After analyzing the hierarchical analysis process among the three main criteria, the study and planning of the executive unit with a total inconsistency rate of 0.08 with a maximum weight of 0.75, has the most important role in the issue of flood risk reduction. Additionally by selecting 9 parameters of flood criteria in formation of vegetation cover, land use, elevation from the sea, slope, soil type, drainage density, river flood plain, rainfall and distance from the river, zoning map of hazard potentiality has been prepared and based on that, the city of Gonbad is located in high risk areas of the flood. Visiting the field and its adaptation to the flood of March 2019 of Gonbad city, confirming the compliance with the map of the potential hazard which has been produced. It considers the need of improving the city's safety in relation to the risk of flood.
Conclusion
Therefore, due to the flood potentiality of the study area and the results obtained, it can be said that the studies and planning have been done so far - related to flood risk- are insufficient. The need for integrated environmental studies and programing with integrated management in the form of urban development plans are necessary. It is the duty of the government to work hard on planning and implementing comprehensive flood management, attracting people's participation with preventing unnecessary losses in cities in preserving the lives and properties of their inhabitants. Implementing these issues require a change of approach and attitude in the government and the other Forces. Renewed attitude of the High Council for Urban Architecture of Iran in the recent approvals dated 11.5.2109, confirming the results of the research and changing the government's approach in this regard.
The population concentration and activities and spatial imbalance in using social facilities is one of the main characteristics of the developing countries. These characteristics can be found in Iran, both before the Revolution and after the Revolution. According to these characteristics, the main part of the facilities and population have been concentrated in one or some points and other regions act as marginal regions and makes the regional inequalities. The natural bed of the North Coastal Area near Mazandaran Sea and adjacent to Alborz Mountains has imposed a different and special shape pattern based on the spatial structure of this region. According to the homogenous structure of this region, the planning role is very crucial to eliminate the existing imbalances. Since in the east part of the North Coastal Area, the effective factors are obviously different from the west and middle areas, the identification of effective factors in making the regional differences of Golestan Province which, as the consequence of its natural structure and nature is neither a tourism destination nor a land business destination as Gilan and Mazandaran is very important. In this study, using the documentary and survey and Delphi technique, the effective factors in making the regional inequalities of Golestan Province were identified and cross-impact matrix have been completed to study the factors impact on each other. By using analytical techniques and MICMAC software, the most important factors in causing the inequalities of Golestan Province were identified which included: spatially one-dimensional development, ethnic convergence and divergence, environmental capabilities and migration. Finally, suitable solutions to reduce the regional imbalances of Golestan Province were presented.
Taghvaei, M., Bekmohammadi, H., Zali, N., Kasaei, M.
آمایش سرزمین (20087047)(1)pp. 1-27
Studies on spatial planning in Iranian history has experienced more than seven decades of programming, But has never been implemented and a firm determination for its operation has not been seen so far. This is an applied and developmental research, descriptive and analytical in method. research and data collection has been made through questionnaires and Delphi techniques. In this study, using cross-impact analysis and cross-impact matrix software to perform complex calculations were performed MICMAC. The results showed ,effective factors on implementation of spatial planning; Tehran province is regional political polarization, Tehran as a development pole in this province and being placed on the west to east and north to south corridors and the necessity of the province interaction with neighbor regions was determined and suitable solutions to overcome barriers in the way of implementing spatial planning in Tehran province, have been suggested in this study.
Regional differences and inequality in many countries is a major challenge in the way of achieving balanced development goals, particularly those countries such as Iran which sovereign a large geographical territory.
Due to past poor national and focused planning, development and its basis in geographical regions of the country, has revealed significant differences in the development process. Analysis has been done using documentary and survey data collection methods and a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Data were gathered through documents, questionnaires and Delphi techniques. Then in the second stage of Delphi, using the opinions of experts and officials in charge of the study area, cross-impact matrix was completed in order to evaluate the impact of factors on each other in regional imbalances of Gilan province.
Then, with the use of analytical techniques and software MicMac, factors related to inequality of Gilan province were studied and by analyzing the effect of variables in the creation of regional imbalances, the key factor ,”spatial one-dimensional development“ was identified and finally appropriate strategies to equilibra in Gilan province were presented.
The aim of this study is structural modeling of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on active post-pandemic transport in Dorood City, Iran, emphasising both tourism and development of a long-term tourist market through the promotion of low-carbon travel markets. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire randomly distributed among citizens of Dorood City. The impact of various factors, including economic, social, medical, and accessibility, on active transportation during the pandemic and its impact on transportation in the post-COVID-19 era has been investigated. The social factor has the highest factor load with a weight of 0.94. In contrast, with the lowest factor load i.e., 0.60, the economic factor proved to have the least impact on the choice of active transportation. It was found that the variable of active transport use in the post-pandemic era with a factor load of 0.66 is the most influential factor, while the social consequences of the pandemic in the post-pandemic era with a factor load of 0.49 turned out to be the most significant. The least effective ariable was found to occur in the post-pandemic era. Active transport links during the pandemic in Dorood City with a regression coefficient of 0.77 had a statistically significant impact on the use of this type of transport in the post-pandemic period. This data can be incorporated in the transport development plan with an emphasis on active transfer as an effective option for the development of sustainable tourism.
In countries such as Iran, which cover a large geographical area, the issue of inequality and regional differences provide a substantial challenge in the effort to achieve balanced development. In this study, data were collected using documentary and survey methods as well as Delphi techniques, and analysis was carried out by combining qualitative and quantitative models. In the second step of the Delphi technique, a study of the impact of the factors on each other, and on the regional inequalities of the North coastal area, was made using the crossimpact method. In the final step, the effective factors contributing to the inequalities of the North coastal region were studied using analytical techniques and MicMac software. After analyzing the impact rate of the effective factors on regional imbalances, the key factors were identified and, finally, solutions to reduce the regional imbalances of the North coastal area were proposed.
Taghvaei, M., Mohammadi, H.B., Zali, N., Kasaei, M.
Planning Malaysia (16756215)15(3)pp. 13-26
Despite being in existence for over seven decades, spatial planning policies in Iran have not been implemented and no serious volition to adopt their general approaches was observed. This study identifies the effective factors of the spatial planning implementation approach in the macroregion around south Alborz. By adopting the Delphi technique, a cross-impact matrix and data analysis using MICMAC software, the impact of these factors on the non-implementation of spatial planning in Iran was investigated. The results show that the existence of a central planning system, the dominance of economic and sectoral planning, the lack of integrated land-planning system are among the effective factors in the spatial planning approach in Iran. Therefore, suitable solutions to eliminate the drawbacks are proposed.
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (19918178)5(8)pp. 720-728
Regional disparities of human development within many developing countries like Iran are serious obstacles to their integrated development. To adopt efficient policies in order to reduce existent disparities, it is necessary to measure development level of regions in the status quo. In this way, Human Development Index (HDI) is one of the efficient and widely used methods to measure human development of regions and countries. The aim of this study is to investigate sub-provincial disparities of human development in Iran. Meanwhile calculating HDI, this paper addresses two criticisms on HDI including substitution possibilities between its three indices and its common application at aggregated levels which may conceal wide regional disparities and blur the picture of human development within a country. To overcome these shortcomings, it was defined a simple set of fuzzy rules to determine the development level (DL) at sub-province level. Fuzzy classification of DL considerably reduces the substitution possibilities between individual components of HDI and directly reflects the effect of each component on overall DL, and analyzing human development at subprovince level reveals interregional and intraregional disparities more precisely. Based on suggested fuzzy classification, it was defined seven categories for DL including: very high, high, medium-high, medium, low-medium, low and very low. Results showed that a large number of sub-provinces lie in the lower levels of development, and revealed very stark differences of human development among sub-provinces. This study highlights the importance of reducing disparities in Iran to pave way for greater national integration and sustainable development.
