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Journal Of Higher Education Policy And Leadership Studies (27171426)4(2)pp. 129-135
Highlights ∙ With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, universities were obliged to shift from in-person to online education to continue educational activities. This mandatory migration from face-to-face to online structures has been accompanied by challenges and opportunities. ∙ Our study found that challenges of online education from the perspective of student teachers included challenges related to the LMS (high cost of the internet, lack of adequate network coverage in rural areas, weak servers), faculty (teachers' weakness in online teaching, refusing to use all of the LMS facilities, a large amount of assignments), and student (family environment, hardware equipment, enhancing cheating motivation, unfair competition, vision problems). In addition, according to student teachers, opportunities for online education included flipped teaching, evaluation with a feed-forward approach, mastery learning, strengthened self-confidence in shy learners, and easy access to faculty members. ∙ Overall, the results indicate that online education, despite all the challenges, provides opportunities which can be effective if used appropriately. © 2023 The Author(s).
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare (20564902)15(3)pp. 276-287
Purpose: Aggression has been introduced as one of the serious problems in public health. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the ability of the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict the physical and verbal aggression behavior. Design/methodology/approach: In this research, 462 teenagers were evaluated through the demographic questionnaire along with the main structures of the TPB as a predictor of behavior. After one month of follow-up, physical and verbal aggression was evaluated. Demographic data were analyzed descriptively by SPSS21 and predictability of the structures for intention and behavior of the physical and verbal aggression was analyzed by AMOS. Findings: Mean and standard deviation of participants’ age were 14.70 and 1.12 years, respectively. In this research, 22.5% of the participants did not show physical aggression over the last one month and 20% of them did not show verbal aggression over the last month. Path analysis revealed that the variables of the TPB predicted 61% and 32% of variance of intention and physical aggression behavior, respectively, while these variables could describe 43% and 22% of the variance of intention and verbal aggression behavior, respectively. All of the concepts could be significant predictors of the behaviors. Subjective norms were the best predictor of the intention for physical and verbal aggression. Intention and perceived behavioral control were good predictors of physical and verbal aggression. Research limitations/implications: Given the role of subjective norms in intention and also the role of intention and perceived behavioral control of people for aggression, it can be concluded that emphasis on social and psychological education about subjective norms, peer groups and self-control can help reduce this problem. Originality/value: A few studies have predicted behavior occurrence in the future. Given the lack of focus on the role of constructs that may bring about future behaviors, the current research was conducted to use the structures of the TPB to predict behavioral intention as well as perpetration of physical and verbal aggressive behaviors, independently. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Journal Of Higher Education Policy And Leadership Studies (27171426)2(3)pp. 30-56
Today, the Iranian higher education (IHE) exhibits a paradox. Despite the rapid growth of the higher education system and pervasion of the university institution in Iran, and notwithstanding the increasing number of higher education institutions/students/graduates, and research projects, and the improved position of Iranian universities in international ranking systems, there are concerns about the inefficiency of the university system. It seems that the university in Iran has deviated from its institutional functions and has become afflicted with anomie and malfunctioning and, as Merton (1938) puts it, presents a kind of ritualism. Accordingly, this paper reports on a qualitative study of ritualism in Iranian higher education. The central finding is that ritualism is significantly present in IHE, and especially in research. This ritualism is manifested in 3 domains of causes, indicators and consequences. The findings indicate that indicators of ritualism in IHE: such as quantitativism, certificationism, scientific fashion, and symbolism have resulted in false branding, academic corruption, and system inefficiency. These phenomena have taken root in the universities, albeit influenced by the external environment. Overall, a certain group of factors is suggested as leading to academic ritualism: lack of academic independence, commercialization, international norms (language and ranking systems), and institutional norms (reward systems, hierarchy based on nonacademic discourse, and symbolic violence). Such a pattern amounts to a serious malfunctioning of the higher education system. © 2020 Ali Khorsandi Taskoh. All rights reserved.
