Articles
Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism (23454008)24(6)pp. 356-365
Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated that diabetes, as a metabolic disorder, can significantly impact the quality of life of individuals affected by the condition. Physical activity has been identified as a potentially effective therapeutic intervention for managing diabetes in these individuals. This study examined the correlation between serum levels of GLP-1 and the hormones thyroxine, TSH, insulin, glucose, HbA1c, VO2max, as well as various anthropometric indicators after eight weeks of calisthenics exercises. Methods: This semi-experimental study involved 14 sedentary children with type 1 diabetes, averaging 12.42±1.28 years, selected through non-random sampling. The participants performed calisthenics exercises for eight weeks (three sessions per week). Physiological assessments and blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the training period. The relationship was analyzed using Pearson's correlation test, and intra-group changes were assessed using paired t-tests. Results: The findings demonstrated a positive and significant correlation between GLP-1 and insulin both before (r= 0.703, P= 0.005) and after the exercise intervention (r= 0.668, P= 0.009). Additionally, an inverse and significant correlation was observed between GLP-1 and waist circumference (WC) levels before (r= 0.633, P= 0.019) and after exercise (r= 0.575, P= 0.043), as well as between GLP-1 and body fat percentage after exercise (r= 0.676, P= 0.007). In terms of intra-group changes, the results indicated a significant increase in GLP-1, insulin, and VO2max, along with a significant decrease in WC. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that engaging in calisthenics exercises can be effective in reducing the negative effects of type 1 diabetes and increasing the health of diabetic children. © 2025 Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism and Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Advanced Biomedical Research (22779175)14(1)
Background: At present, increasing evidence has reported circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential clinical biomarkers for specific diseases and administration of pharmaceutical agents. The main aim of this study was to compare the effect of two selected home-based resistance exercise (HBRE) and game-based exercise training (GBET) groups on microRNA21-5p expression and biomarkers related to non-alcoholic fatty liver in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Materials and Methods: Twenty children with T1D aged 10-15 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups (HBRE: n = 10; GBET: n = 10). The exercise training lasted for 8 weeks with three sessions per week. The liver enzyme profile, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glucose, microRNA-21-5p, insulin, and Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were measured before and after the interventions in both groups. In addition, the cardiopulmonary fitness and body fat percentage (BF%) of the participants were also evaluated. Results: After exercise interventions, miR-21-5p increased significantly for both intervention groups (HBRE: 8.9% vs. GBET: 6.7%; P = 0.001). The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (HBRE: 60.71% vs. GBET: 49.15%) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes (HBRE: 54.02% vs. GBET: 34.02%), the glucose (HBRE: 15.03% vs. GBET: 16.26%), and the HbA1c (HBRE: -10.44% vs. GBET: -6.52%) were decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The cardiorespiratory endurance of subjects increased (HBRE: 2.85% vs. GBET: 3.75%), but there were no differences between groups (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: Both HBRE and GBET protocols were effective to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, liver enzyme profile, glycemic control, and miR-21-5p changes that seem to be indicative of the pathological status of T1D children. © 2025 Advanced Biomedical Research.
Asian Journal Of Sports Medicine (20087209)15(1)
Context: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) plays a crucial role in regulating oxidative phosphorylation and energy utilization, both of which are diminished in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is well established that exercise, as one of the significant modifiable lifestyle factors, is associated with the expression and activity of PPAR-γ-controlled genes. Evidence Acquisition: In this systematic review, we conducted comprehensive searches across various databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, for relevant literature published between January 2000 and May 2022. This study focused on published articles (in-vivo and human) in English. This review encompasses 16 studies (4 involving humans and 12 involving animals). Results: The findings from 14 studies indicated that various types of exercise programs, including regular exercise, resistance exercise, swimming, climbing, and treadmill running, effectively improved PPAR-γ levels in individuals with T2DM, obese populations, and healthy subjects. Only two studies reported no significant improvement in PPAR-γ levels following physical activity. Notably, all studies involving subjects with T2DM showed improved PPAR-γ levels after exercise training. Conclusions: Upon comparing various types of exercise training, the collected data suggest that all forms of aerobic exercise, regardless of their type and duration, have the potential to up-regulate PPAR-γ messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression. This study lays the foundation for further research into the association between different types of exercise training and PPAR-γ levels/activity across various human populations. However, given the limited number of human studies, further high-quality research is necessary to draw firm conclusions. © 2023, Nazari et al.
