Articles
Fowzi, M.,
Arastou, K.,
Mansoori, H.,
Hashemi, M.,
Shahin, A.,
Jaberi, S.,
Jamaati, R.,
Javadi M.H.M.,
Barzoki, A.S.,
Hosseinibalam, F.,
Etemadi toudeshki, O.,
Toroghinejad m.r., M.R.,
Vaez shahrestani, H.,
Latifi, A.R.,
Fatehizade, M.,
Kianpour, M.,
Rabbani khorasgani, A. Publication Date: 2025
Water Resources and Industry (22123717)pp. 275-281
Grey water footprint (GWF) indicates the equivalent freshwater volume required for assimilating the pollution load discharged from a production. This study evaluated the GWF of stone cutting and processing (SCP) industry by analyzing multiple hazardous pollutants in wastewater directly. Here, the contaminants were bisphenol-A (BPA), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and cresols. Samples were collected separately from the effluent of three large factories at a specialized SCP industrial park, located at Isfahan province, central Iran. These factories use typical processes for cutting and polishing raw marble and travertine derived from three different mines. Results revealed that BPA was the critical pollutant for GWF assessment in all factories as its concentration reached about 2.3 mg/l due to resin application. Yet, the pollutants concentrations were not significantly different among the three effluents. The GWF ranged between 674.9 m3/ton (marble) and 597.9 m3/ton (travertine) with an average of 638.1 m3/ton. The calculated Hazard Quotient (HQ) for BPA was also 936 ± 17. Therefore, optimizing epoxy resin application and controlling its discharge can simultaneously reduce the GWF and associated environmental risks. Future research should focus on developing efficient treatment strategies to mitigate the impacts of hazardous pollutants in SCP wastewater. © 2025 The Authors.
Publication Date: 2022
Family Process (15455300)61(1)pp. 436-450
Divorce has received scant attention in Iran, despite the problems that arise for individuals and families and in social life. The present study aimed to find the divorce process of the Iranian couples among whom the woman was the divorce initiator. For this purpose, interviews were conducted, using the grounded theory method, with 34 Iranian divorcing men and women (women initiating a divorce and their spouses) to investigate their divorce experience. The results revealed that the psychological, communication, cultural, and social factors involved in the divorce phenomenon were observed in five stages: (1) emergence of thinking about divorce, (2) hesitation on stay, (3) difficult decision-making, (4) separation, and (5) legal action. Despite more restrictive laws and more complicated social conditions for women initiating divorce than men, the number of women initiating the divorce is increasing in the changing cultural context of Iran. Therefore, we hope that our results on the divorce process help couples, families, and especially professionals plan preventive measures and develop clinical interventions targeting marriage and marital relationships. © 2021 Family Process Institute.
