Articles
Multimedia Tools and Applications (13807501)83(3)pp. 7939-7979
The current paper proposes LSIE, a fast and secure Latin square-based image encryption scheme using SHA256 hash function and chaotic systems. LSIE uses a 3-tier architecture consisting of diffusion-confusion-diffusion based on Latin squares to design an efficient cryptographic algorithm. Firstly, the initial values and parameters of the 3D exponent chaotic map (3D-ECM) is obtained from the SHA256 hash value of the external secret key and the plain image. Next, two orthogonal Latin squares are constructed using chaotic sequences generated by the 3D-ECM. In the first diffusion phase, one of the Latin squares is considered as a key image to Exclusive-OR (XOR) with the plain image. In the confusion phase, a 2D permutation based on the orthogonal Latin squares is presented to permute pixel positions of the diffused image. In the second diffusion phase, another Latin square is considered as a key image to XOR with the permuted image. The analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed LSIE could efficiently resist common security attacks, as also that it is a fast method for real-time applications. The MATLAB source code of the proposed LSIE is available at the URL: https://github.com/EbrahimZarei64/LSIE . © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Journal of Information Security and Applications (22142134)83
Today, due to the unparalleled growth of multimedia data sharing, especially digital images, between users over insecure channels in real-time applications, cryptography algorithms have gained increasing attention for the secure and efficient transmission. In classical chaos-based image cryptosystems, the confusion and diffusion operations are often applied as two separate and independent phases, which threatens the cryptosystem security. To address these problems, in this paper, a fast image cryptosystem based on parallel simultaneous diffusion–confusion strategy has been proposed using Latin squares, called PSDCLS. It consists of three main steps. First, the initial parameters of the Hénon-Sine chaotic map are produced from SHA256 of both the plain image content and the user's secret key. Second, a chaos-based random Latin square is constructed by employing the chaotic sequence produced through the Hénon-Sine chaotic map. Third, a parallel simultaneous diffusion–confusion scheme is proposed by using Latin square and vectorization technique to overcome the problems of computational complexity and high risk of separable and iterative confusion–diffusion operations in the classical chaos-based image cryptosystems. To analyze and evaluate the security and performance of PSDCLS cryptosystem, we conducted extensive simulations and experiments on various benchmark images. Experimental results and analyses show that PSDCLS achieves excellent scores for information entropy (>7.99), correlation coefficients close to 0, key space (2512), NPCR (>99.60%), UACI (>33.46%). The encryption time for test images of size 512 × 512 and 512×512×3 was around 0.026 and 0.081 s, respectively. Therefore, PSDCLS is highly robust against common cryptographic attacks and serves as a swift cryptosystem for real-time encryption applications. The source code of PSDCLS is accessible at: https://github.com/EbrahimZarei64/PSDCLS. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
