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Sheikhi, R.A.,
Heidari, M.,
Jafari, H.,
Heydarpoor, S.,
Yadollahi, S. Publication Date: 2025
Health In Emergencies And Disasters Quarterly (23454210)10(4)pp. 279-290
Background: Due to the nature of emergency medical services (EMS) and the rush to provide emergency services, ambulance crashes (ACs) occur more frequently and more severely than crashes related to vehicles with similar size and weight characteristics, disrupting the relief process. This research was done to explain the experiences of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in ACs and provide solutions to prevent and mitigate these accidents. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study used a framework analysis approach and a purposeful sampling method. It involved conducting semi-structured interviews with 18 EMTs who had experiences with ACs. The study utilized the Haddon matrix framework as the basic framework. Data analysis and code extraction were carried out using MAXQDA software, version 10. The codes were extracted using both deductive and inductive methods. Results: According to the Haddon matrix framework, in the host part, factors include personnel health, lack of skills, a staffing shortage, stress and fear, burnout and feeling unsupported. In the agent part, factors include worn-out ambulances, a shortage of them, speed, lights-andsiren use that stabilizes the vehicle, and delays in EMS. In the environment part, factors include public expectations for response times, unsafe roads, unfamiliarity with the roads, inadequate emergency service coverage and root cause analysis. Conclusion: Generally, working in an ambulance can be hazardous. Implementing educational, operational, and engineering strategies can significantly reduce the risk of harm to EMS providers, patients and the public. © 2025 The Author(s).
Publication Date: 2025
Disaster and Emergency Medicine Journal (25435957)10(3)pp. 140-151
INTRODUCTION: The preparedness of the prehospital emergency medical system (PEMS) for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats is essential. As they are typically the first responders to these incidents, it is necessary to assess the current readiness and review the key elements of preparation for such incidents. This systemic review aimed to evaluate the current state of preparedness and review the main aspects of preparation against such incidents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- analysis guidelines. PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus were the primary databases used for the literature search. The Google Scholar search engine was additionally searched from 2000 to 2023. Keywords used in this review were CBRN, EMS, and preparedness. Their equivalents were obtained from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), and expert opinions or related articles. Papers from various disciplines related to the keywords were included. RESULTS: From the 3,411 articles identified through early electronic database search, 21 articles were selected for this review, followed by an analysis of the characteristics and content of the included studies to answer the study questions. Data analysis revealed a lack of preparedness and inadequate attention from authorities regarding CBRN incident readiness and the strategies needed for improvement. The content analysis identified six key themes: educational issues, mental health challenges, resource shortages, policy-making concerns, legal considerations, improved cooperation among all stakeholders, and various challenges faced in these areas. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to be well-prepared for CBRN incidents in the PEMS. This involves creating suitable policies, providing ongoing education and training, conducting regular drills, allocating resources, establishing specific response protocols, collaborating with all stakeholders, and ensuring legal protections for EMS providers during CBRN incidents. © (2025), (Via Medica). All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2025
BMC Public Health (14712458)25(1)
Background: There are different opinions about looting after disasters. Many believe that post-disaster chaos is the best chance for antisocial behavior. Aim: The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the literature regarding looting after disasters, its different dimensions, and to examine coping strategies. Methods: This study is a systematic review of publications about disaster-related looting and antisocial behavior, and the study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were the primary databases used for the search of literature. From the 2,467 records identified through database searching in the early stage; after investigating and analyzing the characteristics and content analysis, 8 articles were included in the final stage of this review study to answer the study questions. Results: The findings of this systematic review that emerged from the content analysis of included studies are summarized in four themes: socioeconomic status (SES), social capital, media, and looting prevention. Conclusions: To reduce looting, governments should incorporate looting into disaster planning, take help from community capacities and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and try to increase social capital in the long term. Also, correct information transmission by the media is an important part of post-disaster looting management. © The Author(s) 2025.
Sheikhi, R.A.,
Heidari, M.,
Noorbakhsh, S.,
Sarpiri, M.R. Publication Date: 2025
Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing (26876442)33(1)
AIM: This systematic review examines the tele-nursing methods used during the coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak to manage the increase in patient numbers and investigates strategies for reducing hospital bed occupancy. METHOD: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The primary databases used to search the literature were PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. One hundred sixty eight articles have been reviewed. The keywords for this review included “Coronavirus Disease 2019,” “tele-nursing,” and “bed occupancy.” Equivalent terms were derived from Medical Subject Headings and expert opinions and extracted from related articles. RESULTS: Out of the 168 records identified through the initial database search, seven articles were ultimately included in the final stage of this review after a thorough analysis of their features and content to address the study questions. The results of this systematic review, based on the content analysis of the selected studies, reveal various approaches used worldwide to manage the influx of patients in hospitals due to COVID-19 infection. The findings also highlight strategies employed to reduce bed occupancy, along with the challenges faced in implementing telenursing. The results are summarized into three main themes: current care models, challenges in establishing telenursing, and strategies to decrease bed occupancy. CONCLUSION: Tele-nursing and virtual care are crucial for reducing bed occupancy during disasters like coronavirus disease 2019. Creating communication infrastructure, developing distance education through virtual space, licensing the private sector to run tele-nursing, clarifying the medical and legal responsibilities of telehealth, developing protocols of care, community education, and using new technology for remote consultation are ways to facilitate tele-nursing and reduce hospital bed occupancy. © 2025, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2025
BMC Public Health (14712458)25(1)
Background: The development of COVID-19 vaccines was progressing rapidly, but vaccination acceptance posed many challenges in different communities. This study systematically reviewed the impact of religious leaders on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccinations. It also examined religious leaders’ role in shaping their followers’ vaccination decisions and explored the strategies religious organizations use to promote vaccination against COVID-19. Method: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The primary databases used to search the literature were PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. To identify relevant published literature, the title of this systematic review was divided into two key components: keywords related to COVID-19 vaccination and religious leaders, along with their synonyms. Results: This review analyzed seven articles using content analysis to explore the diverse roles of religious leaders in COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. The analysis identified two key themes: the positive contributions of religious leaders in promoting vaccination and their negative or neutral roles, highlighting differing perspectives on their influence during the pandemic. Conclusion: Engaging religious leaders in disseminating and adopting national and global health initiatives, such as capacity building, training, trust building, collaboration with health providers, and dialogue with the community about the COVID-19 vaccination program, is a powerful strategy to advance the World Health Organization (WHO) goals. © The Author(s) 2025.
Publication Date: 2024
BMC Emergency Medicine (1471227X)24(1)
Background: Although unplanned deliveries in ambulances are uncommon, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers may encounter this situation before reaching the hospital. This research aims to gather insights from Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs), midwives, and expectant mothers to examine the causes of giving birth in ambulances and the challenges EMTs, pregnant women, and midwives face during delivery. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted, and 28 EMTs, midwives, and pregnant women who had experience with pre-hospital births in the ambulance were interviewed. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The MAXQDA/10 software was employed for data analysis and code extraction. Results: The analysis of the interviews revealed two main categories: factors that cause delivery in the ambulance and its challenges. The factors include cultural problems, weak management, and inaccessibility to facilities. The challenges consist of fear and anxiety, native culture, and lack of resources. Conclusions: Several approaches should be implemented to reduce the number of births in ambulances and Pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services (PEMS). These include long-term community cultural activities, public education, awareness campaigns, education and follow-up for pregnant women, and improved accessibility to health facilities. Additionally, EMTS need to receive proper education and training for ambulance deliveries. Enhancing ambulance services and supporting EMTs in dealing with litigation claims are also critical. © The Author(s) 2024.
Marateb, H.R.,
Mensah G.A.,
Fuster V.,
Murray, C.J.L.,
Roth G.A.,
Abate, Y.H.,
Abbasian, M.,
Abd-allah, F.,
Abdollahi A.,
Abdollahi, M.,
Abdulah, D.M.,
Abdullahi, A.,
Abebe A.M.,
Abedi, A.,
Abedi A.,
Abiodun, O.O.,
Ali H.A.,
Abu-gharbieh, E.,
Abu-Rmeileh N.M.,
Aburuz S.,
Abushouk A.I.,
Abu-Zaid A.,
Adane T.D.,
Adderley N.J.,
Adebayo O.M.,
Aden B.,
Adeyeoluwa T.E.,
Adeyomoye O.I.,
Adnani Q.E.S.,
Afrashteh, F.,
Afyouni S.,
Afzal, S.,
Agasthi P.,
Agodi A.,
Arriagada C.E.A.,
Agyemang-Duah W.,
Ahinkorah B.O.,
Ahmad A.,
Ahmad D.,
Ahmad F.,
Ahmad M.M.,
Ahmed A.,
Ahmed H.,
Ahmed M.B.,
Ahmed S.A.,
Ajami, M.,
Akinosoglou K.,
Ala M.,
Al-Ahdal T.M.A.,
Alalalmeh S.O.,
Al-Aly Z.,
Alam N.,
Al-Amer R.M.,
Alashi A.,
Albashtawy M.,
Bulto L.N.,
Alema H.B.,
Alemi S.,
Alemu Y.M.,
Al-Gheethi A.A.S.,
Alhabib K.F.,
Alhalaiqa, F.N.,
Ali M.U.,
Ali R.,
Ali S.S.,
Alicandro G.,
Alikhani R.,
Aljunid S.M.,
Alla F.,
Almahmeed W.,
Al-Marwani S.,
Alonso J.,
Al-Raddadi R.M.M.,
Alvi F.J.,
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Alvis-Zakzuk N.J.,
Alwafi H.,
Aly H.,
Amegbor P.M.,
Amin T.T.,
Amindarolzarbi A.,
Amini-rarani, M.,
Amiri, S.,
Ammirati E.,
Anand T.,
Ancuceanu R.,
Anderlini D.,
Anil A.,
Ansari G.,
Anyanwu P.E.,
Anyasodor, A.E.,
Apostol G.L.C.,
Arabloo, J.,
Arafat M.,
Aravkin A.Y.,
Aremu O.,
Armocida B.,
Ärnlöv J.,
Arowosegbe O.O.,
Artamonov A.A.,
Artanti K.D.,
Arulappan J.,
Aruleba I.T.,
Arumugam A.,
Aryan Z.,
Asghari-Jafarabadi M.,
Astell-Burt T.,
Ataei M.,
Athar M.,
Atreya A.,
Aujayeb A.,
Awotidebe A.W.,
Aynalem A.A.,
Azizi Z.,
Azzam A.Y.,
Babu A.S.,
Badar M.,
Bader F.,
Badiye A.D.,
Bagga A.,
Bagherieh, S.,
Asl F.B.,
Bai R.,
Baker J.L.,
Bakkannavar S.M.,
Bako A.T.,
Bakshi R.K.,
Balogun S.A.,
Baltatu O.C.,
Bam K.,
Banach M.,
Bandyopadhyay S.,
Banik B.,
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Baradaran H.R.,
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Belgaumi U.I.,
Bell M.L.,
Belo L.,
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Benfor B.,
Bennett D.A.,
Bensenor I.M.,
Benziger C.P.,
Beran A.,
Berman A.E.,
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Bertolacci, G.J.,
Beyene H.B.,
Beyene K.A.,
Bhagavathula A.S.,
Bhardwaj N.,
Bhardwaj P.,
Bhardwaj P.V.,
Bhat V.,
Bhatti G.K.,
Bhatti J.S.,
Bikbov B.,
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Birck M.G.,
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Bitaraf S.,
Bodunrin A.O.,
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Boloor A.,
Hashemi M.B.,
Borhany H.,
Boyko E.J.,
Braithwaite D.,
Brant L.C.,
Brauer M.,
Breitner S.,
Briko A.,
Bulto L.N.,
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Butt Z.A.,
Calina D.,
Cao F.,
Cárdenas R.,
Carr S.,
Carreras G.,
Carrero J.J.,
Carvalho M.,
Castaldelli-Maia J.M.,
Castaneda-Orjuela C.A.,
Cattaruzza M.S.,
Cegolon L.,
Cerin E.,
Chahine Y.,
Chan J.S.K.,
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Chan R.N.C.,
Charalampous P.,
Charan J.,
Chattu V.K.,
Chen A.-T.,
Chen C.S.,
Chen H.,
Chennapragada S.S.,
Chew D.S.,
Chi G.,
Ching P.R.,
Chitheer A.,
Cho S.M.J.,
Cho, W.C.,
Chong B.,
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Choudhary R.,
Chowdhury E.K.,
Chowdhury R.,
Chu D.-T.,
Chukwu I.S.,
Cicero A.F.G.,
Cindi Z.,
Cioffi I.,
Coberly K.,
Coffey S.,
Columbus A.,
Conde J.,
Conti S.,
Corso B.,
Cortés S.,
Cortesi P.A.,
Costa V.M.,
Couto R.A.S.,
Cowart E.J.,
Criqui M.H.,
Cruz J.A.,
Dadana S.,
Dadras O.,
Dai X.,
Dai Z.,
Dalaba M.A.,
Damasceno A.A.M.,
Damiani G.,
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Das S.,
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Dashti M.,
Dashtkoohi M.,
Dastmardi M.,
Davletov K.,
Debele A.T.,
Debopadhaya S.,
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Demessa B.H.,
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Jiang H.,
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Jobanputra Y.B.,
Johnson, C.O.,
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Joo T.,
Joseph A.,
Joseph N.,
Joshua C.E.,
Jozwiak J.J.,
Jürisson M.,
Kabir A.,
Kabir Z.,
Kadashetti V.,
Kahe F.,
Kalani R.,
Kalankesh L.R.,
Kalantar F.,
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Kalra S.,
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Kandel H.,
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Kanmodi K.K.,
Kansal S.K.,
Kapner D.J.,
Kar S.S.,
Karakasis P.,
Karki P.,
Kashoo F.Z.,
Kasraei H.,
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Kassebaum N.J.,
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Kazemi F.,
Kazemian S.,
Kazeminia S.,
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Keykhaei M.,
Khadembashiri M.M.,
Khadembashiri M.A.,
Khafaie M.A.,
Khajuria H.,
Khalaji A.,
Khalid N.,
Khalilian A.,
Khalilov R.,
Khan A.,
Khan E.A.,
Khan J.,
Khan M.N.,
Khan M.,
Khan M.J.,
Khan M.S.,
Khan Y.H.,
Khan Suheb M.Z.,
Khanmohammadi S.,
Khatab K.,
Khateri S.,
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Krishan K.,
Krishna H.,
Krishnamoorthy V.,
Krishnamoorthy Y.,
Kuddus M.A.,
Kuddus M.,
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Kumar A.,
Kumar N.,
Kumar N.,
Kumar R.,
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Lan Q.,
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Lanfranchi F.,
Larijani, B.,
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Latief K.,
Latifinaibin K.,
Lau J.,
Lauriola P.,
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Lee P.H.,
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Leinsalu M.,
Leonardi M.,
Lerango T.L.,
Li A.,
Li M.-C.,
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Li X.,
Li Y.,
Lim L.-L.,
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Lin R.-T.,
Lindstrom M.,
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Liu G.,
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Liu X.,
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Livingstone K.M.,
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Maddison R.,
Magaña Gómez J.A.,
Magne J.,
Mahadeshwara Prasad D.R.,
Mahalleh M.,
Mahmoud M.A.,
Mahmoudi E.,
Mahmoudvand B.,
Makram O.M.,
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Malekzadeh R.,
Malhotra K.,
Malik I.,
Malik M.S.A.,
Mallhi T.H.,
Malta D.C.,
Manilal A.,
Manla Y.,
Mansoori Y.,
Mansouri B.,
Mansouri P.,
Mansournia M.A.,
Marino M.,
Martini D.,
Martini S.,
Maryam S.,
Marzo R.R.,
Masoudi A.,
Masoudi S.,
Matei C.N.,
Mathangasinghe Y.,
Mathews E.,
Mathur M.R.,
Mattumpuram J.,
Maude R.J.,
Maugeri A.,
Mayeli M.,
Mazidi M.,
McGrath J.J.,
McPhail S.M.,
Mechili E.A.,
Medina J.R.C.,
Meena J.K.,
Mehrabani-Zeinabad K.,
Mendez-Lopez M.A.M.,
Mendoza W.,
Menezes R.G.,
Mengist B.,
Meo S.A.,
Meresa H.A.,
Meretoja A.,
Meretoja T.J.,
Mestrovic, T.,
Mettananda C.D.K.,
Mettananda S.,
Mhlanga L.,
Mi T.,
Jonasson J.M.,
Miazgowski T.,
Michalek I.M.,
Miller T.R.,
Minh L.H.N.,
Minja N.W.,
Sadeghi P.M.M.,
Mirdamadi N.,
Mirica A.,
Mirrakhimov E.M.,
Mirza M.,
Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M.,
Mithra P.,
Moghimi Z.,
Mohamed J.,
Mohamed M.F.H.,
Mohamed N.S.,
Mohammadi S.,
Mohammed H.,
Mohammed M.,
Mohammed S.,
Mohammed S.,
Moka N.,
Mokdad, A.H.,
Molavi Vardanjani H.,
Momtazmanesh S.,
Monasta L.,
Montazeri F.,
Moodi Ghalibaf A.,
Moradi Y.,
Moraga P.,
Morawska L.,
Morovatdar N.,
Morrison S.D.,
Morze J.,
Mostafavi E.,
Mostofinejad A.,
Mougin, V.,
Mousavi P.,
Mousavi S.E.,
Mozaffarian D.,
Msherghi A.,
Muccioli L.,
Mueller U.O.,
Mukherjee S.,
Munjal K.,
Murillo-Zamora E.,
Mustafa G.,
Muthu S.,
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Xu S.,
Xu X.,
Yada D.Y.,
Yang L.,
Yatsuya H.,
Yesiltepe M.,
Yi S.,
Yohannis H.K.,
Yonemoto N.,
You Y.,
Zaman S.B.,
Zamora N.,
Rautalin, I.,
Zarea K.,
Zarrintan A.,
Zastrozhin M.,
Zeru N.G.,
Zhang Z.-J.,
Zhong, C.,
Zhou J.,
Zielińska M.,
Zikarg Y.T.,
Zodpey S.,
Zoladl, M.,
Zou Z.,
Zumla, A.,
Zuniga, Y.M.H.,
Magliano D.J.,
Murray, C.J.L.,
Hay, S.I.,
Vos, T. Publication Date: 2023
The Lancet (1406736)(10397)pp. 203-234
Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. Findings: In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. Interpretation: Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
