Publication Date: 2015
2025 29th International Computer Conference, Computer Society of Iran, CSICC 2025
The present study tends to analyze the impact of the development of stock market, as an index for electronic business, on the investment in Iran over the period 1981-2012. In this regard, the stock index variable to GDP has been used as an e-business index ARDL methods used to determine the presence or absence of short-Term and long-Term relationship of each independent variable on the dependent variable; to process data, Eviews 7 software is applied. The main findings of this study indicate that the stock index, as an index of e-business, has a significant positive effect on investment. In other words, the stock composes a portion of the wealth of people in the society and its increase coincides with rising incomes and, thus, it raises investment. © 2015 IEEE.
Hacopian dolatabadi, S.,
Latify, M.A.,
Karshenas, H.R.,
Sharifi, A.M. Publication Date: 2022
Energy (3605442)246
Economic efficiency is an important goal of all markets including electricity market. Pricing mechanisms can significantly affect the economic efficiency of electricity market. Non-convexities and negative externalities which are resulted from the quasi-fixed cost and operational restrictions of generation units are inherent in electricity markets and affect the economic efficiency of the pricing mechanisms. Although the non-convexities have been studied in the literature, the negative externalities need to be addressed in more details. In this paper, the effects of externalities on the economic efficiency of electricity pricing are studied. Since the pricing in the day-ahead market is an important issue in the electricity market, this mechanism is studied and analyzed as an instance. Due to the inherent non-convexities in the electricity markets, the pricing mechanisms considering non-convexities are evaluated. Two general approaches of pricing in the presence of non-convexities are the uplift-based pricing and the marginal price modification. In this paper, both methods are extended to consider externalities and approach the real market structure, and then numerical studies are conducted on standard test systems. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Hacopian dolatabadi, S.,
Latify, M.A.,
Karshenas, H.R.,
Sharifi, A.M.,
Hatziargyriou, N.D. Publication Date: 2023
IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation (27719626)1(4)pp. 420-429
Economic efficiency is the main goal of all markets, including the electricity market. Technical and pecuniary restrictions, known as externalities, caused by the technical limits of generation units are inherent in electricity markets and can significantly affect their economic efficiency. In this article, an efficient service-based method is proposed aimed at internalizing negative externalities in the electricity markets. The method employs services procured by energy storage systems and responsive demand to internalize the generation sector's technical externalities. For the optimal capacity and price of the proposed service, bi-level optimization and an innovative discriminatory pricing scheme are applied. In this way, the first-best optimal market solution can be reached by internalizing the negative externalities in the sub-optimal second-best solution due to the generators' operational constraints. Numerical case studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, where considering nearly 5% responsive demand and storage capacity around 5% of peak load, it is possible to achieve economic efficiency by reducing the total cost. In real power systems, this cost reduction can result in millions of dollars in annual operational cost savings.
Hacopian dolatabadi, S.,
Latify, M.A.,
Karshenas, H.R.,
Sharifi, A.M. Publication Date: 2023
IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION (17518687)17(10)pp. 2401-2418
Economic efficiency is the ultimate goal of all markets, including the electricity market. Several technical and pecuniary restrictions known as externalities in economics literature can significantly affect the economic efficiency of the electricity market. Negative externalities resulting from the operational restrictions of generation units are inherent to electricity markets. In this paper, after reviewing the effects of externalities on the day-ahead electricity markets' economic efficiency using a unit commitment-based model, an innovative and theoretically efficient service-based procedure aimed at internalizing negative externalities in the day-ahead electricity markets is presented. In this way, a new service procured by the energy storage system to provide energy interchange possibilities in the electricity market is introduced. The proposed service uses both price and quantity adjustment methods to internalize externalities. A new discriminatory method for pricing the service and a bi-level optimization problem for determining the capacity of the energy storage system required to provide the service are considered. The consideration of the proposed method facilitates reaching the first-best optimal market solution by alleviating negative externalities existing in the sub-optimal second-best solution in the presence of generation sector operational constraints. Numerical case studies demonstrate the functioning of the proposed externalities internalization scheme.
Publication Date: 2023
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (23034521)11(4)pp. 40-52
Companies need to follow a continual strategy of knowledge improvement and innovation to maintain their competitive advantage in the face of rapid technological advances and global competition. This method, known as intellectual capital (IC), aids businesses in keeping their edge in the market. Managers should pay attention to IC because of this reason. This study looked at how IC affected the bottom line of a company listed on the ISE in Iraq. The study studied data from a subset of the ISE-listed manufacturers throughout the span of ten years, from 2010 to 2019. Multivariate regression, as well as the F-Limer, Chow, and Hausman tests, were used to examine the data. It was shown that IC improved both ROA and ROE. The results also showed that the capital added value coefficient (COAV) positively impacted ROA but had no discernible impact on ROE. Moreover, ROA and ROE were found to be positively impacted by structural capital's coefficient of added value COAV. And while it had little impact on ROA, the added value coefficient (AVC) of human capital (HC) had a positive and large impact on ROE. © The Author 2023. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) that allows others to share and adapt the material for any purpose (even commercially), in any medium with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Publication Date: 2021
ACS Chemical Neuroscience (19487193)12(21)pp. 4037-4057
The aggregation of human alpha-synuclein (hαS) is pivotally implicated in the development of most types of synucleinopathies. Molecules that can inhibit or reverse the aggregation process of amyloidogenic proteins have potential therapeutic value. The anti-aggregating activity of multiple carotenoid compounds has been reported over the past decades against a growing list of amyloidogenic polypeptides. Here, we aimed to determine whether crocin, the main carotenoid glycoside component of saffron, would inhibit hαS aggregation or could disassemble its preformed fibrils. By employing a series of biochemical and biophysical techniques, crocin was exhibited to inhibit hαS fibrillation in a dose-dependent fashion by stabilizing very early aggregation intermediates in off-pathway non-toxic conformations with little β-sheet content. We also observed that crocin at high concentrations could efficiently destabilize mature fibrils and disassemble them into seeding-incompetent intermediates by altering their β-sheet conformation and reshaping their structure. Our atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that crocin molecules bind to both the non amyloid-β component (NAC) region and C-terminal domain of hαS. These interactions could thereby stabilize the autoinhibitory conformation of the protein and prevent it from adopting aggregation-prone structures. MD simulations further suggested that ligand molecules prefer to reside longitudinally along the fibril axis onto the edges of the inter-protofilament interface where they establish hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds with steric zipper stabilizing residues. These interactions turned out to destabilize hαS fibrils by altering the interstrand twist angles, increasing the rigidity of the fibril core, and elevating its radius of gyration. Our findings suggest the potential pharmaceutical implication of crocin in synucleinopathies. ©
Publication Date: 2020
Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology (10826068)50(7)pp. 723-734
Herein, we describe a simple and efficient approach to produce recombinant human α-synuclein (hAS) with high purity from Escherichia coli (E. coli). The cDNA for hAS was inserted into plasmid pET32a and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) with an N-terminal tag containing E. coli thioredoxin (trx), followed by a histidine hexapeptide, and a tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site (trx-6His-TEV). The fusion protein, trx-hAS, was initially released by osmotic shock treatment from the host cells and subsequently purified using a nickel affinity chromatography. A TEV protease cleavage step was performed to liberate the target protein, hAS, from the fusion partner, trx. Finally, an additional nickel affinity chromatography was performed to further purify the digested product. The yield of this method is ∼25 mg of tag-less protein (with ∼99% purity) per liter of culture volume. Reverse phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry confirmed the purity and authenticity of the purified protein. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy demonstrated that the purified proteins form fibrils. Our protocol not only provides a convenient procedure for preparing highly pure hAS, but also requires very little specialized laboratory techniques. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Jouyan, N.,
Saffari, B.,
Davoudi-dehaghani, E.,
Saliani, N.,
Senemar, S.,
Bahari, M.,
Jouyan, N.,
Ostovan, M.A. Publication Date: 2015
Tehran University Medical Journal (16831764)72(12)pp. 838-846
Background: Polymorphisms of the upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) have been associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL), type 2 diabetes and coronary heart diseases (CHD). In the current investigation, the association of USF1s2 variant of human USF1 gene with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) was evaluated in a population from southern Iran. USF1s2 has the best potential as a functional variant.in the USF1 gene. Methods: In a case-control study USF1s2 variant of human USF1 gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique using BsiHKA I restriction enzyme for 186 women under 55 years of age and 135 men less than 50 years of age who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography in Saadi, Nemazee and Kowsar Hospitals of Shiraz, between July 2009 and March 2012. Data on the history of familial myocardial infarction or other heart diseases, hypertension, and smoking habit were collected by a simple questionnaire. Blood sugar level and serum lipid profile of all participants were also obtained by measuring the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Results: Frequencies of the major (G) and minor (A) alleles of usf1s2 gene variant were 0.74 and 0.26 in the whole population, respectively. Meanwhile, the prevalence of the minor allele was significantly higher in PCAD patients compared with control subjects. This difference remained significant even after adjustment for confounding parameters. Indeed, subjects with mutant homozygous genotype (AA) were about 5 times more likely to suffer from early-onset CAD than those with wild-type homozygous genotype (GG). Moreover, the baseline characteristics of the control subjects and patients were statistically similar for almost all parameters except for the number of male individuals; there was no significant difference among various genotypes in the patient group for any of these investigated variables. Conclusion: It appears that the usf1s2 variant in upstream transcription factor 1 gene is an independent predictor of premature coronary artery disease in our population and applies its effects without affecting blood sugar and lipid levels. © 2015, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Senemar, S.,
Saffari, B.,
Sharifkazemi, M.B.,
Bahari, M.,
Jouyan, N.,
Dehaghani, E.D.,
Yavarian, M. Publication Date: 2013
EXCLI Journal (16112156)12pp. 437-448
Elevated level of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) has been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Furthermore, numerous studies have documented the influences of a common polymorphism (C677T) of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) on homocysteine levels. However the relationship between this mutation and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has remained as a controversial issue. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between C677T polymorphism of MTHFR gene, plasma total Hcy levels and the number of affected vessels as a criterion for the extent of CAD. MTHFR genotypes and plasma homocysteine (HCY) concentrations were examined in 231 patients and 300 healthy subjects who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of Hcy levels whereas logistic regression model was built to determine the association of Hcy quartiles with the risk of CAD adjusted for risk factors. The prevalence of MTHFR genotypes was similar between CAD patients and non-CAD individuals while the geometric mean of Hcy values was significantly higher in patient group (14.13 ± 4.11 μmol/l) than in control group (10.19 ± 3.52 μmol/l) (P < 0.001). Moreover, unlike the MTHFR polymorphism, Hcy concentration increased with increasing number of stenosed vessels and the CAD risk increased about 2 folds in the top two Hcy quartiles (≥ 17.03 and 13.20-17.02 μmol/l) compared with the lowest quartile (≤ 9.92 μmol/l) after controlling for conventional risk factors (P<0.001 for both). Our data suggest that hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) is significantly associated to CAD risk increase as well as to the extent of coronary atherosclerosis.
Saffari, B.,
Senemar, S.,
Karimi, M.,
Bahari, M.,
Jouyan, N.,
Yavarian, M. Publication Date: 2013
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences (18125735)16(16)pp. 788-795
There have been many controversial debates on the role of Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) as an independent risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) during recent years. Furthermore, an alanine/valine (Ala/Val) gene polymorphism at 222nd amino acid of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been considered as a factor that could render this enzyme thermolabile and less active which in turn may yield a subsequent increase in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels. To assess whether this polymorphism is associated with increased risk of CAD and plasma levels of tHcy in a population from southern Iran, a total of 457 patients with angiographically documented multi-vessel CAD were compared with a control group comprised of 371 subjects with <30% stenosis in all major vessels. Nevertheless our results failed to admit a significant difference between CAD individuals and control subjects for Ala/Val polymorphism and plasma Hcy concentrations. However, plasma Hcy concentrations were significantly higher in individuals with Val/Val genotype than subjects with Ala/Ala genotype, but it didn't show a significant association with CAD in our population. Moreover, as the multiple linear regression analysis indicated, smoking habit, folate levels and the MTHFR Val/Val genotype were the only major predictors of tHcy concentrations in the current investigation. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Saffari, B.,
Jouyan, N.,
Bahari, M.,
Senemar, S.,
Yavarian, M. Publication Date: 2012
EXCLI Journal (16112156)11pp. 407-415
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2 (PAI-2) is a serine protease inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system produced predominantly by the macrophages and monocytes. It has been demonstrated that fibrinolysis regulation has a great importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques. Thus in the current investigation, we sought to determine whether Ser 413/Cys polymorphism (rs6104) of PAI-2 gene could be associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors. Ser 413/Cys polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP technique using Mwo I restriction enzyme for 184 men under 50 years of age and 216 women less than 55 years of age who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography. Data on the history of familial myocardial infarction or other heart diseases, hypertension, and smoking habit were collected by a simple questionnaire. Fasting levels of blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also measured by enzymatic methods. Frequencies of the Ser 413 and Cys 413 alleles were 0.760 and 0.240 in the whole population, respectively. The PAI-2 gene variant analyzed was not significantly associated with either the prevalence of premature CAD or the classical risk factors of CAD development such as diabetes, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, hypertension, familial history of heart dysfunction or smoking.
Davoudi-dehaghani, E.,
Foroughmand, A.M.,
Saffari, B.,
Houshmand, M.,
Galehdari, H.,
Shariat panahi, M.S.,
Yavarian, M.,
Sanati, M.H.,
Torfi, S. Publication Date: 2011
Frontiers in Biology (16747992)6(5)pp. 422-432
To investigate the genetic structure of human populations in the South-west region of Iran, mitochondrial first hypervariable DNA sequences were obtained from 50 individuals representing three different ethnic groups from Khuzestan Province. Studied groups were Shushtari Persians and Chahar Lang Bakhtiyaries from Indo-European-speaking populations and Bani Torof Arabs from Semitic-speaking linguistic families. Genetic analysis of mtDNA data showed high similarity of Chahar Lang Bakhtiyaries with other Iranian Indo-European-speaking populations while Shushtaries and Bani Torofs had a closer affinity with Semitic-speaking groups rather than to other Iranian populations. The relationship of Chahar Lang Bakhtiyaries and Bani Torof Arabs with their neighbor populations can be explained by linguistic and geographic proximity. Whereas, the greater similarity of Shushtari Persians with West Asian Arabs is probably according to high gene flow between them. This article represents a preliminary study of three major ethnic groups of South-west Iran which investigates the potential genetic substructure of the region. © 2011 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
In this study, by focusing on the findings of the UNITEL Project Module: Universities-Business Collaboration (An Overview and Some Experiences), we have learned that fostering universities-business (industries) collaboration applies innovative teaching and learning strategies based on technology enhanced learning (TEL) and collaborative methodology so that the UNITEL project sought to address the current issues by putting into practice a working methodology to modernize STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education. Thus, conduction of a study on collaboration between universities and business (industry), as part of UNITEL Project, implies that such collaboration becomes a cornerstone of innovation and competitive advantages for economic development, entrepreneurship and industrial modernization. The primary goals of this paper are to review the conceptual discussion that the Module conducted and investigate the learning lessons that resulted from its findings. To reach out empirically these ends, we have developed an econometric framework of a trade gravity model to observe the estimated effects of Science and Technology (S&T) indicators on bilateral trade between Iran and Vietnam for 20 exporting goods groups (industries) during 1998-2022. The implication is that tradable industries benefit from investments in technology enhanced learning (TEL), which is a percentage of R&D expenditures and is proxied for an S&T indicator. © 2025 IEEE.
Publication Date: 2025
Iranian Economic Review (10266542)29(1)pp. 25-49
Immigration is one of the factors affecting macroeconomic variables, including foreign trade. Considering the large number of Afghan migrants throughout the world, this study sought to investigate the effect of Afghan migrants on the imports and exports of this country during 2001-2019, using the semiparametric augmented gravity model for the empirical purpose of the study. The results of the semiparametric estimation of the fixed effects model have indicated that the role of emigration on the volume of exports and imports of Afghanistan has a non-parametric effect. That is, on some levels of emigration, the increase in the number of immigrants abroad has increased trade and confirms the existence of a complementary relationship between labor migration and trade, contrary to the theory of Heckscher-Ohlin, but at other levels, the accumulation of immigrants has caused a decrease in the volume of Afghanistan's imports and exports. This result is consistent with Heckscher-Ohlin 's theory. Of course, it can be due to the integration of immigrants in the host society and the disconnection with the destination countries, the difference in skills level and information of immigrants. © Author(s).
Publication Date: 2023
Journal of Policy Modeling (01618938)45(5)pp. 935-956
This study assesses the likely effects of different political structures on economic growth by the effects of interest rate on the linkage between financial markets. For this aim, we chose two developing economies with different governance structures, Iran and Argentina. There is a political structure in Iran influenced by religion, whereas Argentina's political structure does not deal with religion. We first assess the causality amongst the financial markets of the stock market, bank deposits, and the foreign currency market (CM). Then, the effects of the markets and inflation on economic growth are assessed using Granger-causality tests and Markov-switching models. The results show that there are bidirectional causalities between the financial markets in Iran, and unidirectional causalities in Argentina. The markets affect economic growth in the both countries. For Iran, the monetary policy instrument of interest rate indicates no causalities to the markets, whereas there are strong causalities from interest rate to the markets in Argentina. As a result, Argentinian Central Bank can affect economic growth through the money flow between the markets by freely changing interest rate proportioned with the economic situation. Whereas there is no such a possibility for Iran's Central Bank. In other words, an active Central bank against the inflation volatility in Argentina versus a passive Central Bank in Iran is one of the consequences of the interest rate repression in a political structure influenced by religion. © 2023 The Society for Policy Modeling
Publication Date: 2022
Environment, Development and Sustainability (1387585X)24(3)pp. 3967-3981
This paper explores the advantages of international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), which can be the main factors of transferring technology to economies. More specifically, it seeks the importance of international trade and FDI as the main channels of technology transfer between countries either in a region or at the international level. In this context, relevant spillovers arising from trade and FDI play important roles in achieving economic growth, capital accumulation and economic well-being, providing a path for sustainable development. The main goal of this paper is thus to investigate the possible implementation of regional economic through cooperation in trade and investment in a region such as the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO). Accordingly, the country members can benefit from spillover effects on their economic growth, as a major factor to appoint sustainable development. The relevant methodology relies on estimation of a panel economic growth model in which we have used the obtained empirical results to assess the effects of trade and FDI spillovers on economic growth over the period 1995–2018. The empirical results have indicated significantly positive effects of the spillovers on economic growth of the ECO country members, as the case study, implying sustainable growth in the long run. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Dehkordi, M.M.,
Azarbayjani, K.,
Nasrollahi, K.,
Tayebi, S.K. Publication Date: 2022
Iranian Economic Review (10266542)26(1)pp. 215-235
Economists have always noticed the immigration of laborers since it can change the economy of countries. In the literature of international economics, labor force immigration is studied by the mobility of factors of production and trade. In this case, empirical studies have found substitutive and complementary relationships between the two, which necessitate consideration of other elements influencing this relationship. One of the phenomena that can affect both labor force immigration and bilateral trade is the countries' financial crises. Therefore, this study analyzes the parametric effect of bilateral trade and the nonparametric impact of economic crises on labor force immigration in the Middle East and OECD countries from 1995 to 2017. For this purpose, two indices of banking market pressure and debt market pressure have been used to study financial crises such as banking crises and sovereign debt crises, and the semi-parametric gravity model of immigration has been estimated by using random effects. The estimation results show a substitution relationship between bilateral trade and labor force immigration, and both types of mentioned financial crises have a nonparametric impact on immigration. So that the effect of these two types of economic crises on labor force immigration has been upward for some periods and downward for other periods. Moreover, these financial crises have reduced the labor force immigration among business partners. In other words, there has been a nonlinear relationship between the two financial crises. © University of Tehran.
Publication Date: 2021
Iranian Economic Review (10266542)25(3)pp. 419-435
In international trade relations, the US dollar is prominently used for invoicing, and not only for a trade involving the United States but also for other countries, it is so-called vehicle currency. This paper analytically explores the optimal policy and its implications for welfare in a two-country general equilibrium model with non-tradable goods, considering various assumptions about export invoicing currency. Fixing invoicing currency for one country’s exports, compared to the other country’s welfare under the two possible invoicing currencies, is this paper’s main analysis. This paper derives an analytical condition under which both vehicle currency country and the non-vehicle currency country prefer vehicle currency pricing over producer currency pricing. Finally, this paper uses the choice theory of vehicle currency to explore its role in Iran’s international trade. The Empirical findings show that for each value of tradable goods weight, if the bias parameter toward domesticallyproduced goods for foreign households equals 0.33, then Rial (home country currency) is used as a vehicle currency. © University of Tehran.
This chapter explores options for environmental policy instruments to tackle trade-related environmental challenges and evaluate options for developing and emerging economies to choose from. International trade and investment are the channels through which environmental policies transmit from one country or region to another. The sustainability challenges may originate in various manners, namely concentration of environmentally damaging industries, overexploitation of natural resources, and emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and so on. The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis (EKCH), the growing income level of a country can significantly influence its environmental sustainability. The Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) deals with environmental degradation scenario originating from foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows towards the pollution-intensive sectors/regions. The Factor Endowment Hypothesis (FEH) argues that a country will specialize in the most abundantly available resource and accordingly lead to sustainability challenges. Border trade adjustments (BTA) are instruments to provide a level playing field to domestic producers where environmental standards are stringent. © 2016 Debashis Chakraborty and Jaydeep Mukherjee.
Publication Date: 2014
Journal of Economic Studies (01443585)41(4)pp. 601-614
Purpose – In this paper the authors address the questions whether global financial crises cause oil shocks worldwide, then whether such shocks affect trade flows of both oil importing and oil exporting countries of East-West Asia. The purpose of this paper is thus to explore such effects by specifying basically a dynamic export model using data of the Asian economies countries over the period 1980-2008. Design/methodology/approach – An ARDL specification is applied to show the dynamic effects of main determinants, including financial crisis and the world oil price, on the export flows of each country in the sample. The data for financial crisis have been compiled by Hatzius et al. (2010). Findings – The results, as a whole, imply that both financial crisis and oil price have a cross-effects on Asian trade flows in the short run, while this effects could not occur in the long run. Originality/value – The goal is to estimate an econometric model of exports to examine how recent crises affect export flows in the selected Asian countries. Different from previous studies in the literature, this paper first explores the interaction between financial crisis and oil shocks and second uses an extended and dynamic export model, based on ARDL approach. The core of the study relies on the question whether a cross-relationship between oil price and financial crisis affects the export flows of the Asian countries: China, Japan, Iran, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea and Turkey which are both oil importing and exporting. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Publication Date: 2013
Iranian Economic Review (10266542)17(1)pp. 135-155
Poverty is arguably the most pressing economic problem of the time of global financial crisis that crisis have adverse impact on it through a variety of channels and typically lead to slowdowns in economic activity and, consequently, rise in formal unemployment and/or falls in real wages. On the other hand, it is generally argued in the literature that economic collaboration in the forms of financial and trade integrations is likely to enhance growth potentials and development of an economy and leads to poverty reduction. In this regard, the questions this paper addresses are how the life of poor people in the Islamic nations affected by financial crises, additionally, whether the implementation of economic collaboration strategies controls for the effects of crisis on poverty. In this paper, we specify a dynamic panel regression model of poverty using data of the selected Islamic countries over the period 1995-2008, in order to explore the effect of the recent global financial crises on poverty in such countries. This allows us to verify whether economic collaboration implementation would adjust such effect. Our findings showed that crisis will worsen the condition of living and will cause increasing poverty more that before crisis. However, the results imply a weak role of economic cooperation in the group of Islamic countries for controlling the effects of crisis on poverty and income distribution. The implication is that an economic integrating block implementation is not effective in reducing poverty in the Islamic countries and these countries should strengthen their economic cooperation in different areas and act according to principles of economic cooperation.
Publication Date: 2013
Iranian Economic Review (10266542)17(2)pp. 51-64
Public sector decision-makers are faced with the task of allocating resources among different alternative subject due budgetary constraints. In this paper Official Development Assistance (ODA) data have been considered as foreign aid. ODA is channeled through the public sector of recipient countries and, hence, the ultimate effect of ODA on savings or economic growth depends on how governments respond to it. This paper tries to explore the impact of official development assistance on public sector behavior in selected developing countries and contribute to the fiscal response literature on two main grounds. First, it specifies a fiscal response model. Second, using panel data model for a sample of 25 aid recipient countries in Asia and Latin America over the period 1991-2010. Empirical results indicate that official development assistance has a positive and significant effect on government investment expenditure, but it has not significantly impact on government current expenditures. Results also show that ODA crowds out both government revenue and public borrowing. © 2013, University of Teheran. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2021
Iranian Economic Review (10266542)25(3)pp. 397-417
Iran has faced oil and banking sanctions since 2012. Following the sanctions and instability of the exchange rates, the Rial has sharply lost its value. Rising economic unrest has widened the gap between the official exchange rate and parallel market rate. However, the depreciation of Iran’s Rial does not show a uniform trend, and the decline path has been complicated. We know that sanctions against Iran have created new expectations, concerns, and attention. Google Trends has provided an analytic tool for measuring and monitoring people’s expectations based on their Internet search data. This study attempted to analyze and model the exchange rate trends in Iran using sanctions-related expectations extracted from Google Trends. The Google search index (GSI) of the sanctions demonstrated the agent’s expectations. Monthly data and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method were used for estimation. The results indicated a significant and positive impact of GSI on the unofficial exchange rate (UER) and just a positive impact on the real unofficial exchange rate (RUER). We can conclude that the effects of sanctions appear partly through changes in people’s expectations that can be extracted using GSI. Moreover, the difference in inflation showed a significant positive effect on the market exchange rate in Iran. Thus, an improvement in the expectations through reducing the international tensions and a perspective shift can strengthen the Rial exchange rate. Moreover, the policymaker can control the volatility and depreciation of the exchange rates in Iran by restricting the M2 growth through an appropriate long-run monetary policy. © University of Tehran.
Publication Date: 2021
Journal of Family and Economic Issues (15733475)42(1)pp. 61-72
Couples’ bargaining power over reproductive choices can be a key component of the fertility outcome. We analyzed data from a national survey conducted in 2014 to evaluate the association of couples’ bargaining position with their progression from second to third birth in Iran. The sample included 7202 representative rural and urban Iranian families. Intra-household bargaining position was measured through the relative educational qualification of couples at the household level as well as the reversed gender gap score at the province level. The results revealed that the distribution of bargaining power between couples correlated with the progression to third birth. However, intra-household bargaining position did not have the same pattern among rural and urban families. The bargaining position of couples in the rural sample was significantly influenced by the contextual factor of the reversed gender gap. Nevertheless, the bargaining position of couples in the urban sample was influenced by both their relative educational qualification in the household and the province reversed gender gap. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Otobideh, S.A.,
Moeeni, S.,
Mohammadzadeh, Y.,
Rahimi, B.,
Shabaninejad, H.,
Yusefzadeh, H. Publication Date: 2021
International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing (17506123)15(3)pp. 466-474
Purpose: Investigating the import of pharmaceutical products, as one of the essential goods of the country to improve health and medical conditions, is important in accelerating the economic growth and enhancing the welfare of the community. This paper aims to estimate the income and price elasticity of pharmaceutical import demand in Iran. Design/methodology/approach: In this research, the function of Iran's pharmaceutical import demand was estimated and calculated using the co-integration method and error correction techniques with the seasonal data of 2005–2016 to identify factors related to import, as well as relevant price, and income elasticity. Findings: The research results showed that the price elasticity of Iran's long-term pharmaceutical import demand was 0.04; that is, the rate of pharmaceutical import demanded by Iran was not sensitive to change in relative price. Additionally, the long-term income elasticity of Iran's pharmaceutical demand was 0.69, meaning that an increase in Iran's income did not have a highly positive impact on the volume of Iran's pharmaceutical import. Originality/value: Estimating the function of the demand for pharmaceutical import may pave the way to adopt appropriate economic policies. Furthermore, estimating this function and calculating income and price elasticity is a step toward minimizing government expenditures and can be a great contribution in designing trade policies. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Publication Date: 2019
International Journal Of Energy Economics And Policy (21464553)9(5)pp. 433-441
Regional energy planning under uncertainty is an important concept in energy-economy models which makes the planning outcomes closer to reality and enables the decision maker to select the best decision. Reliability of local energy supply and the possibility of long-term access to resources and emissions reduction is an essential step. In this study, an urban energy demand which is supplied by electricity network is investigated with an optimal combination of alternative energy resources such as solar, wind and natural gas during the next 10 years. The optimal combination of fossil energy as well as renewable energies are determined by goal stochastic programming model. Isfahan province in Iran has been selected as a case study. Empirical results indicate that due to the importance of investment and operation costs, the dominant share of energy supply will belong to natural gas, while the shares of solar and wind energies remain constant in the next decade. In sum, the share of solar and wind energies increases by 8% in 10 years and therefore, it is not necessary to increase electricity supply by the network in order to meet annual increasing demand. CO2 and NOx emissions will decrease significantly. © 2019, Econjournals. All rights reserved.
