Publication Date: 2022
Revista de Antropologia (00347701)65(3)
This paper is devoted to the means at amerindians’ disposal to augment personal effi-cacy, that is, props used to increase influence on others. My argument, in a nutshell, is that dreams, magic plants (and other substances classed together with them), and metaphorical discourse are such means of aiding one’s influence on others-or avoi-ding being the target of others’ influence. The second point is that such props, aids, or intensifying devices must involve the interaction of what are normally translated as ”souls“, ”vital images“, or “doubles“-the immaterial aspects of the person-if they are to be effective. © 2022, Universidade de Sao Paulo. Museu de Zoologia. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2022
Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology (18094341)19
This paper presents and discusses some examples of how mathematical figures and engineering approaches can be detected in anthropological theorizing and how a mathematical reading of certain anthropological theories is possible and sometimes fruitful. The paper proceeds in three steps: a comparison between experimental measuring and engineering “black boxing” as different ways of representing ethnographic reportage and anthropological theorizing; a discussion of feedback loops in anthropological theorizing; and a discussion of chaos theory and fractal geometry and some of their uses in anthropological writing. I finish by hinting at the fruitfulness of making allies across disciplinary boundaries given our anthropocenic predicaments and limitations in our cross disciplinary analogies. © 2022, Brazilian Anthropology Association. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2019
Mana: Estudos de Antropologia Social (01049313)25(2)pp. 391-426
This article sketches some elements of what we suggest to call a "politics of regard" pertinent to the forms of action and organization of indigenous collectives in the lowlands of South America. The purpose is to analyze the relation between two Strathernian ideas with applicability in the region: a) any meaningful action could be explained, understood or justified as involving the separation between a person who acts and another person taken as the cause of action; and b) being recognized as a person, or occupying the place of a moral agent, implies being under the regard of another person. Considering these two ideas, we also revisit some classic themes of the ethnological literature, namely: the relation between power and coercion, and the theme of the masters-owners. © 2019 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ.
Da cunha, M.C.,
Caixeta, R.,
Campbell, J.M.,
Fausto, C.,
Ghasemi, V.,
Lomnitz, C.,
Sulkin, C.D.L.,
Pompeia, C.,
Vilaça, A. Publication Date: 2017
HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory (20491115)7(2)pp. 403-426
Agribusiness has unprecedented leverage over highly unpopular Brazilian president Michel Temer, who is faced with several corruption charges and is struggling for political survival. In a little over one year, the agribusiness lobby and its allies have managed to erode thirty years of human rights and conservation laws. Indigenous peoples and their territorial rights are among the main targets of such policies, and there is no resolution to the situation in sight. With the insight of several scholars, the following forum assesses the consequences of losing the protection the Citizens' Constitution of 1988 once afforded indigenous peoples in Brazil. © Giovanni da Col.
Amazonian indigenous peoples have preserved many aspects of their culture and cosmology while also developing complex relationships with dominant non-indigenous society. Until now, anthropological writing on Amazonian peoples has been divided between "traditional" topics like kinship, cosmology, ritual, and myth, on the one hand, and the analysis of their struggles with the nation-state on the other. What has been lacking is work that bridges these two approaches and takes into consideration the meaning of relationships with the state from an indigenous perspective. That long-standing dichotomy is challenged in this new ethnography by anthropologist José Kelly. Kelly places the study of culture and cosmology squarely within the context of the modern nation-state and its institutions. He explores Indian-white relations as seen through the operation of a state-run health system among the indigenous Yanomami of southern Venezuela. With theoretical foundations in the fields of medical and Amazonian anthropology, Kelly sheds light on how Amerindian cosmology shapes concepts of the state at the community level. The result is a symmetrical anthropology that treats white and Amerindian perceptions of each other within a single theoretical framework, thus expanding our understanding of each group and its influences on the other. This book will be valuable to those studying Amazonian peoples, medical anthropology, development studies, and Latin America. Its new takes on theory and methodology make it ideal for classroom use. © 2011 The Arizona Board of Regents. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2011
Journal de la Societe des Americanistes (19577842)97(1)pp. 339-357
Publication Date: 2022
Language Related Research (23223081)13(1)pp. 357-389
Analyzing the process of mystical language formation, considering its main source, i.e. Qur’an, is an important new field of research. Due to the variety and extent of mystical texts, it requires fundamental and innovative researches so as to discover the hidden dimensions of this language. The aim of this research is then presenting a new proposed model for analyzing the process of mystical language formation, which is introduced as word behaviorology. Word behaviorology that analyzes the semantic changes of Qur’anic words in mystical textbooks is a step toward innovative analysis of the process of mystical language formation Word behaviorology model, using the advantages of Kurt Lewin's field theory in psychology and Izutsu's theory, creates a new form of mystical language analysis. Both Lewin's field theory, due to its considering environmental effects on behavior, and Izutu's theory, due to its considering the direct influence of Qur’an on mysticism, Islamic Sufism, basic and relative meaning, are very helpful in this research. The achievement of this research is that it presents word behaviorology as new path toward mystical language analysis. © 2022, Tarbiat Modares University. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2016
SAGE Open (21582440)6(1)
Dream is one of the important topics of mystic texts and is of great significance in Islamic mysticism. Most writers of such texts have allocated a section of their books to it. Dream could be viewed from different perspectives, but it seems, what attracts mystics the most is the content of dream. The important issues considered the content of dream are seeing God, the Prophet, the Imams, the saints; the state of mystics after death; seeing angels and Paradise huris (the beauties); seeing what helps the Wayfarer in his difficulties; gaining knowledge of the future; and, finally, seeing Iblis (the Satan). In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the reactions of dreamers to each type of content by comparing the content of mentioned dreams in mystic prose texts of pre-seventh century. The results show that dreaming the beloved (God) is of the most importance whereas dreaming the Satan is the least desirable one. As for the reactions, the most frequent reactions are fear, enthusiasm, hope, confidence, pride, and joy. © 2016, © The Author(s) 2016.
Publication Date: 2023
Advanced Biomedical Research (22779175)12(1)pp. 202-202
Background: Tonsillectomy, one of the most common otolaryngology surgeries, often results in postoperative complications such as pain and bleeding. Currently, there is no consensus on postoperative pain management. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of oral prednisolone on postoperative pain after tonsillectomy with sutures. Materials and Methods: This pilot, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted at two tertiary care centers affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Patients who underwent tonsillectomy with sutures were included. Participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, patients received oral prednisolone in addition to acetaminophen; in the control group, patients received acetaminophen and a placebo. Post-operative pain was evaluated by a visual analog scale daily for ten days. Results: Initially, 60 patients were enrolled in the study; however, four were excluded due to non-attendance at follow-up visits. The groups were similar in terms of age and sex (both P values >0.05). In the study, postoperative pain from 1 st day to the 10 th day was lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P value <0.05). Conclusion: Numerous studies have been conducted on the effect of intravenous corticosteroids on this pain. However, there is no consensus on the analgesic role of oral corticosteroids for post-tonsillectomy pain. The present study showed that oral prednisolone is effective on post-operative pain compared to a placebo. © 2023 Advanced Biomedical Research.
Publication Date: 2023
Advanced Biomedical Research (22779175)12(1)pp. 29-29
Background: Nasal polyp (NP) is the most common benign tumor that can cause nasal obstruction and more annoying problems in patients. Recently, investigators have been focusing on complementary therapies alone or in conjunction with endoscopic nasal and sinus surgery. However, given the association of Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) in previous studies, it may be possible to prevent the recurrence of NP and the development of rhinosinusitis by controlling serum levels of VD and maintaining it at a normal level. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of VD supplementation in preventing CRSwNP recurrence after endoscopic surgery. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial composed of vitamin D deficient patients with CRSwNP who were candidates for endoscopic sinus surgery in two groups of cases and controls. After endoscopic sinus surgery for all patients, we administered VD supplementation (50,000 IU) once a week for 8 weeks for cases and no further intervention for controls. The severity of symptoms was assessed using Sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) and NP recurrence and recorded pre- and postintervention. Results: The findings indicated a higher mean change of SNOT-22 in the case group compared to that of the control group (36.03 ± 10.71 vs. 29.90 ± 11.99; P = 0.041). Moreover, the percentage of NP recurrence in cases was lower than controls; so that receiving VD supplementation has significantly reduced the chance of NP recurrence (odd ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.298 [0.099-0.900]; P = 0.032). Conclusion: According to the result of the study, the administration of VD supplementation after endoscopic sinus surgery can reduce the severity of CRSwNP symptoms and NP recurrence significantly. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Taghian, E.,
Abtahi, S.H.,
Mohammadi, A.,
Hashemi, S.M.,
Ahmadikia, K.,
Dolatabadi, S.,
Mohammadi, R. Publication Date: 2023
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)28(1)pp. 12-12
Background: In natural conditions, inhaled fungi are considered a part of the microflora of nasal cavities and sinuses. However, subsequent to the protracted use of corticosteroids and antibacterial agents, suppression of the immune system by chemotherapy, and poor ventilation, these fungi can become pathogens. Fungal colonization in the nose and paranasal sinuses is a prevalent medical issue in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. In this study, we aimed to categorize fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) among immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients and identified the etiologic agents of disease by molecular methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 74 cases were evaluated for FRS. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed for sampling. The clinical samples were examined by direct microscopy with potassium hydroxide 20% and subcultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol. Polymerase chain reaction sequencing was applied to identify causative agents. Results: Thirty-three patients (44.6%) had FRS. Principal predisposing factors were antibiotic consumption (n = 31, 93.9%), corticosteroid therapy (n = 22, 66.6%), and diabetes mellitus (n = 21, 63.6%). Eyesore (n = 22, 66.6%), proptosis (n = 16, 48.5%), and headache (n = 15, 45.4%) were the most common clinical manifestations among patients. Rhizopus oryzae (n = 15, 45.4%) and Aspergillus flavus (n = 10, 30.3%) were the most prevalent fungal species. Conclusion: Diagnosis and classification of FRS are crucial, and a lack of early precise diagnosis can lead to a delay in any surgical or medical management. Since there are a variety of treatments for FRS, accurate identification of etiologic agents should be performed based on phenotypic and molecular methods. © 2023 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.
Hashemi, S.M.,
Sakhi, N.,
Ghazavi, H.,
Bolourinejad, P.,
Kheirabadi, G. Publication Date: 2020
European Journal of Plastic Surgery (0930343X)43(2)pp. 153-158
Abstract: Background: Psychological functioning of rhinoplasty must be evaluated in the community of Iran as the most prevalent center of rhinoplasty worldwide. Making a realistic public view about rhinoplasty psychological outcomes is necessary. In the present study, quality of life, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem alteration in rhinoplasty patients among the Iranian population were assessed. Methods: This is an observational trial study conducted on 41 patients who underwent rhinoplasty in 2017–2018. The Persian version of standard questionnaires “World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-26),” “Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Scale (HADS),” and “Eysenck Self-Esteem Questionnaire” were used for this aim. Therefore, questionnaires were filled pre and within 6 months postoperatively and then compared. Demographics including age, gender, marital status, and educational level association with the mentioned factors were assessed as well. Results: The results revealed that rhinoplasty brought significant improvements in all aspects of QOL, including physical (P value = 0.011), psychological (P value = 0.002), relationships (P value = 0.019), environment (P value = 0.032), and general health (P value = 0.005). Depression (P value = 0.010) and self-esteem (P value = 0.004) scores change significantly in a positive manner as well. Anxiety improvement was the least (6.8%) with no significant change (P value = 0.334). None of the demographics including age, gender, marital status, and educational level showed association with psychological indices (P value > 0.05) except for age association with relationships domain of WHOQOL that was significantly higher among those younger than 30 years old (P value = 0.040). Conclusions: Rhinoplasty can improve most of the psychological indices in the Iranian population, regardless of the candidate’s gender, marriage status, educational level, or age group. Level of evidence: Level II, therapeutic study. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Rogha, M.,
Berjis, N.,
Lajevardi, S.,
Alamdaran, M.,
Hashemi, S.M. Publication Date: 2019
International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)10(1)
Background: Tongue cancer is the most common malignancy of the mouth. In recent decades, reported tongue cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased all over the world while survival has not improved that sometimes is related to mutation, especially in gene P53 (such R249, R248 mutations). Hence, this study aimed to identification of R249 mutation in P53 gene of tumor tissue in tongue cancer. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 48 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of tongue were selected, and mutation of R249 was investigated in sample of tumors. In addition, demographic data and medical history of patients were determined and registered in a collected data form. Finally added data were entered to computer and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Polymerase-chain reaction test done on tissue samples from cancer patients showed that in a studied sample of 48 patients, 4 of them (8.3%) had R249 mutation. After selecting the codon 249 as a hotspot in oral cancer, forward and reverse primers for amplification of exon 7 were obtained from the articles. Conclusions: Considering the findings of our study, R249 mutation in P53 gene in patients with SCC is relatively high. Age and alcohol consumption were factors affecting incidence of the mutation. It is necessary to take an early treatment with a single lesion of tongue to prevent severe disease and prevent disease in patient's family with screening test and prevent cancer in future with gene therapy. © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2017
International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)8
Background: Tinnitus is the perception of noise or ringing without external acoustic stimulants which affects almost 10% of general population. Many therapies have been recommended including diet modifications, herbal remedies, and chemical drugs. Most common utilized drugs for tinnitus are melatonin and antidepressants such as sertraline which have been proven in different studies. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of melatonin and sertraline in treating tinnitus for the first time. Methods: In this clinical trial, 70 patients with tinnitus according to inclusion and exclusion criteria were included and randomly divided into two groups: melatonin group, taking melatonin 3 mg once daily and sertraline group taking sertraline 50 mg once daily, all treating for 3 months. Before and after treatments, every patient received Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire and severity of tinnitus was assessed, and data analysis was performed. Results: Before treatments, the mean of THI score for melatonin and sertraline groups were 45.02 ± 17.67 and 44.85 ± 20.57, respectively. There was no significant difference between both groups THI score (P = 0.23). After 3 months, the mean of THI scores for melatonin and sertraline groups were 30.29 ± 19.62 and 36.96 ± 25.03, respectively which the mean of THI scores in two groups was decreased significantly (P < 0.01, for‑both). In addition, indicated the significant decline in THI score of melatonin group who were under treatments with melatonin 3 mg once daily (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Here in this clinical trial, we demonstrated that both melatonin and sertraline are efficient in treating tinnitus, but the usage of melatonin 3 mg once daily is more effective. © 2017 International Journal of Preventive Medicine.
Publication Date: 2017
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)22(1)
Background: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of concomitant anatomic variation of paranasal sinuses in patients with antrochoanal polyp (ACP). Materials and Methods: Among patients referred by their clinicians for standard computed tomography scan of paranasal sinuses septal deviation, concha bullosa, and retention cyst were evaluated in both patients with ACP as well as in a control group. Results: Of the 17 patients with ACP, fifteen patients (88.2%) had septal deviation and two patients (11.8%) had concha bullosa. None of the patients with ACP had retention cyst or hypertrophic turbinate. Of the 78 patients in control group, twenty‑nine (37.2%) had septal deviation, six (7.7%) had concha bullosa, seven (8.9%) had retention cyst, and one (1.2%) had hypertrophic turbinate. Septal deviation in patients with ACP has higher incidence (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that septal deviation is an anatomic variation which is significantly concomitant with ACP. Larger studies are needed to show the role of other anatomic variations in patients with ACP. © 2017 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.
Mohammadi, A.,
Hashemi, S.M.,
Abtahi, S.H.,
Lajevardi, S.,
Kianipour, S.,
Mohammadi, R. Publication Date: 2017
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)22(2)
Background: Fungal sinusitis is increasing worldwide in the past two decades. It is divided into two types including invasive and noninvasive. Noninvasive types contain allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) and fungus ball. AFS is a hypersensitivity reaction to fungal allergens in the mucosa of the sinonasal tract in atopic individuals. The fungus ball is a different type of noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis which is delineated as an accumulation of debris and fungal elements inside a paranasal sinus. Fungal sinusitis caused by various fungi such as Aspergillus species, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus, and phaeohyphomycetes. The aim of the present study is to identify fungal species isolated from noninvasive fungal sinusitis by molecular methods. Materials and Methods: During 2015–2016, a total of 100 suspected patients were examined for fungal sinusitis. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed using the Messerklinger technique. Clinical samples were identified by phenotypic and molecular methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism with MspI restriction enzyme was performed for molecular identification of molds and yeasts, respectively. Results: Twenty-seven out of 100 suspected cases (27%) had fungal sinusitis. Nasal congestion (59%) and headache (19%) were the most common clinical signs among patients. Fifteen patients (55.5%) were male and 12 patients (44.5%) were female. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent fungal species (26%), followed by Penicillium chrysogenum (18.5%) and Candida glabrata species complex (15%). Conclusion: Since clinical manifestations, computed tomography scan, endoscopy, and histopathological findings are very nonspecific in AFS and fungus ball; therefore, molecular investigations are compulsory for precise identification of etiologic agents and appropriate management of these fungal infections. © 2017 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.
Hashemi, S.M.,
Berjis, N.,
Eshaghian, A.,
Nejadnic, M.,
Samani, A.F. Publication Date: 2015
Iranian Journal Of Otorhinolaryngology (22517251)27(80)pp. 213-217
Introduction: Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), a popular surgical procedure, has been performed using an endoscopic approach over recent years. Excellent anatomical knowledge is required for this endoscopic surgical approach. This study was performed in order to better evaluate the anatomical features of the lacrimal apparatus from cadavers in the Isfahan forensic center as a sample of the Iranian population. Materials and Methods: DCR was performed using a standard method on 26 cadaver eyes from the forensic center of Isfahan. The lacrimal sac was exposed completely, then the anatomical features of the lacrimal sac and canaliculus were measured using a specified ruler. Results: A total of 26 male cadaveric eyes were used, of which four (16.7%) were probably non-Caucasian. Two (8%) of the eyes needed septoplasty, one (4%) needed uncinectomy, and none needed turbinoplasty. Four (16%) lacrimal sacs were anterior to axilla, one (4%) was posterior and 20 (80%) were at the level of the axilla of the middle turbinate. The mean difference of distance from the nasal sill to the anterior edge of the lacrimal sac (from its mid-height) was 39.04 (±4.92) mm. The mean difference of distance from the nasal sill to the posterior edge of the lacrimal sac (from its mid-height) was 45.50 (±4.47) mm. The mean of width and length of the lacrimal sac was 7.54 (±1.44) mm and 13.16 (±5.37) mm, respectively. The mean difference of distance from the anterior edge of the lacrimal sac to the posterior edge of the uncinate process was 14.06 (±3.00) mm, while the mean difference of distance from the anterior nasal spine to the anterior edge of the lacrimal sac (from its mid-height) was 37.20 (±5.37) mm. The mean height of the fundus was 3.26 (±1.09) mm. The mean difference of distance from the superior punctum to the fundus was 12.70 (±1.45) mm, and from the inferior punctum to the fundus was 11.10 (±2.02) mm. Conclusion: Given the differences between the various studies conducted in order to evaluate the position of the lacrimal sac, studies such as this can help to better identify the position of lacrimal sac during surgery based on ethnic differences. In addition, these studies can help novice surgeons to better navigate in a surgical scenario.
Hashemi, S.M.,
Heidarpour, M.,
Eshaghian, A.,
Ansari, P.,
Hashemi, M.S.,
Yaghoobi, M.,
Barati, S. Publication Date: 2015
Iranian Journal Of Otorhinolaryngology (22517251)27(5)pp. 395-399
Introduction: Aneurysmal Bone cysts (ABC) are extremely rare in the head and neck region and even rarer in sinuses. ABC is a benign multicystic mass that is locally-destructive and rapidly expandable. Hemorrhagic fluid content (like in this case) and septated appearance are the characteristic feature of ABC. Established treatment options for ABCs include sclerotherapy, embolization, radiotherapy, simple curettage, surgical excision, or a combination of methods. Case Report: In this article, a 5 year-old boy with a recurrent nasal mass is presented. The patient was finally diagnosed with this rare entity: ABC of the paranasal sinuses. The patient was treated through complete surgical removal. Conclusion: ABC can be considered as a rare differential diagnosis of recurrent nasal hemorrhagic mass in a pediatric population. © 2015 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Rogha, M.,
Hashemi, S.M.,
Mokhtarinejad, F.,
Eshaghian, A.,
Dadgostar, A. Publication Date: 2014
Iranian Journal Of Otorhinolaryngology (22517251)26(74)pp. 7-12
Introduction: Cholesteatoma is traditionally diagnosed by otoscopic examination and treated by surgery. The necessity for imaging in an uncomplicated case is controversial. This study was planned to investigate the usefulness of a preoperative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan in depicting the status of middle ear structures in the presence of cholesteatoma dna also to compare the correspondence between pre- and intraoperative CT findings in patients with cholesteatoma. Materials and Methods: This prospective descriptive study was performed from January 2009 to May 2011 in 36 patients with cholesteatoma who were referred to the Kashani and Al-Zahra Clinics of Otolaryngology. Preoperative high-resolution temporal bone CT scans (axial and coronal views) were carried out and compared with intraoperative findings. Results: Evaluation of 36 patients and their CT scans revealed excellent correlation for sigmoid plate erosion, widening of aditus, and erosion of scutum; good correlation for erosion of malleus and tegmen; moderate correlation for lateral canal fistula (LCF) and erosion of mastoid air cells; and poor correlation for facial nerve dehiscence (FND), incus, and stapes erosion. Conclusion: A preoperative CT scan may be helpful in relation to diagnosis and decision making for surgery in cases of cholesteatoma and ossicular erosion. The CT scan can accurately predict the extent of disease and is helpful for detection of lateral canal fistula, erosions of dural plate, and ossicular erosions. However it is not able to distinguish between cholesteatoma and mucosal disease, facial nerve dehiscency, incus, and stapes erosion.
Publication Date: 2013
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)18(5)pp. 400-404
Background: Botulinum toxin A (BTA) is a promising therapeutic option in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). Although recent studies have introduced BTA septal injection as an alternative method, the conventional localization for the injection of BTA in patients with AR is still the nasal turbinates. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of septal BTA injection with turbinal BTA injection in patients with AR. Materials and Methods: This open-label study was performed on 50 patients with AR who were randomly allocated to septal and turbinal BTA injection groups. All patients received an injection of 40 U of BTA (Dysport®, Ipsen Ltd, Maidenhead, UK) in each side of the nose and were followed for 8 weeks. Prior to the intervention and 8 weeks later, symptom severity and quality of life scores were calculated using the AR symptom severity and Rhinasthma questionnaires respectively. Results: Comparison of pre- and post-treatment symptom severity scores within each group showed a significant reduction of total symptom severity score and severity of sneezing, rhinorrhea, and congestion in both groups (P < 0.05). However, post-treatment sysmptom severity scores were not significantly different between two groups (P > 0.05). Both methods have improved the quality of life of subjects significantly (P < 0.05). Significantly more patients in the turbinal injection group reported adverse effects (four patient's vs. one, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Although both septal and turbinal BTA injections are effective on patients with AR, septal administration of BTA could be safer and easier method. However, further investigations are required to achieve more accurate results.
Barati, B.,
Abtahi, S.H.,
Hashemi, S.M.,
Okhovat, A.,
Poorqasemian, M.,
Tabrizi, A.G. Publication Date: 2013
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)18(2)pp. 99-102
Background: Considering the presence of squamous epithelial cells and fibroblasts in the tympanic membrane (TM), topical estrogen application may influence the repair of TM perforations. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the healing effect of topical estrogen on chronic TM perforations and improvement in hearing threshold. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Thirty patients were treated with paper patch and 30 with estrogen-impinged paper patch. Complete closure of the TM perforation and hearing threshold were evaluated in both groups. Chronic unilateral perforations of the TM involving less than 40% of the total area of the TM without active disease in the middle ear were selected. The margin of the perforation was chemically trimmed using 15% trichloroacetic acid and patching performed under an operating microscope. Microscopic examination was performed after 14days and repeated after 30days. Complete closure of the TM perforation was considered as successful repair. Hearing threshold was determined before the start of the trial and 30days after treatment. Results: No significant difference was found between the two groups after 14days in complete closure of the perforation (P=0.310). After 30days, patients treated with estrogen-impinged paper patch showed a significantly higher rate of closure of the perforation (63.4%) and improvement in hearing threshold (P=0.017). Conclusion: Topical estrogen may have a healing effect on chronic TM perforations and improvement in hearing threshold.
Najafizade, N.,
Hemmati, S.,
Gookizade, A.,
Berjis, N.,
Hashemi, S.M.,
Vejdani, S.,
Ghannadi, A.,
Shahsanaee, A.,
Arbab, N. Publication Date: 2013
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)18(2)pp. 123-126
Background: Taste abnormalities are common among cancer patients after starting radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Considering the role of zinc and reports on its beneficial effects in taste perception, we evaluated the preventive effects of zinc sulfate on radiation-induced taste alterations. Materials and Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, adult patients with head and neck cancers who were on schedule for radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, were allocated to receive zinc sulfate (50mg, three times a day) or placebo; started with beginning of radiotherapy and continued for one month later. Taste acuity was determined by measuring detection and recognition thresholds for four taste qualities at baseline, at the end of radiotherapy, and a month later using the Henkin method. Results: Thirty-five patients (mean age = 59.2 ± 16.5, 60% male) completed the trial. The two groups were similar at baseline. After radiotherapy, and one month later, there was a significant increase in taste perception threshold for bitter, salty, sweet, and sour tastes in the placebo group (P = 0.001). In those who received zinc, there was only slight increase in threshold for perception of the salty taste (P = 0.046). No relevant side effects due to zinc sulfate were reported. Conclusion: Zinc supplementation in head/neck cancer patients under radiotherapy can prevent radiation-induced taste alterations. Further studies with longer follow-ups and with different doses of zinc supplementation are warranted in this regard.
Publication Date: 2013
Allergology International (14401592)62(2)pp. 245-249
Background: There are few reports on the effects of intranasal Botulinum Toxin-A (BTX-A) as a treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). In this study, we compared the efficacy of intranasal BTX-A to cetirizine in the treatment of AR. Methods: Fifty AR patients at the age of 26.2 ± 9.1 years (64% females), were recruited to the trial according to the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) criteria. Participants randomly received either intranasal injection of BTX-A (75 IU Dyspor® or cetirizine (10 mg/day). Symptoms (based on the ARIA) and side effects were assessed every two weeks for two months. Quality of life was evaluated before and after the study using the Rhinasthma questionnaire. Results: Total symptom severity score of patients significantly decreased (P < 0.001) and quality of life signifi-cantly improved (P < 0.001) at the same level in both groups. Side effects included nasal dryness (4%) and epistaxis (4%) in the BTX-A group. In the cetirizine group 44% sleepiness and 4% blurred vision was reported. Conclusions: Nasal injection of BTX-A shows the same therapeutic effects as cetirizine in the management of AR. Since BTX is expensive, we do not suggest it in the first line of treatment for AR. However, BTX-A is a potential treatment for patients who are resistant or not compliant to the routine medications of AR. Further studies are required to investigate implications and limitations of BTX-A in the treatment of AR. © 2013 Japanese Society of Allergology.
Publication Date: 2012
Iranian Journal Of Otorhinolaryngology (22517251)24(69)pp. 181-186
Introduction: To study the long-term complications of tympanostomy tube insertion in young children 10 years after surgery. Materials and Methods: In September 2011, the medical records of all patients who had undergone myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion between February 2000 and March 2001 at the two general hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were studied. Of the 98 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 82 patients agreed to participate and were enrolled in the study. The complications of the operation were evaluated in these patients. Results: Of the 164 ears that were operated on, myringosclerosis was found in 17.1%, atrophy of the tympanic membrane in 1.2%, permanent perforation of the tympanic membrane in 0.6% and tympanic membrane atelectasis in 0.6%. None of the patients developed cholesteatoma as a complication of tympanostomy tube insertion. Conclusion: Considering the low risk of serious complications after 10 years, tympanostomy tube insertion is a safe and effective treatment option in the treatment of otitis media with effusion.
Hashemipour, M.,
Hovsepian, S.,
Hashemi, S.M.,
Amini, M.,
Kelishadi, R.,
Sadeghi, S. Publication Date: 2012
Iranian Journal Of Pediatrics (20082150)22(1)pp. 92-96
Objective: Thyroid hormone is necessary for normal development of the auditory system. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of hearing impairment in congenitally hypothyroid (CH) patients, and its relation with factors such as CH severity and age at starting treatment, during CH screening program in Isfahan. Methods: Hearing acuity was assessed in two groups of children with (94 patients aged 4 months - 3 years) and without CH (450), between 2000-2006. Otoacostic emission (OAE) was performed by a two step method. After two tests without OAE signals bilaterally, they were referred for auditory brainstem response (ABR) test. Subjects with both OAE and ABR abnormal test results were considered to have hearing problem. Obtained data was compared in case and control group and also CH patients with and without hearing impairment. Findings: Three (3.2%) of patients and 1 of control group (0.2%) were diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss. The rate of hearing loss was not different significantly in two studied groups (P>0.05). There was no difference between age of starting treatment and first T4 and TSH level in CH patients with and without hearing loss (P>0.05). CH neonates with hearing impairment had thyroid dyshormonogenesis according to the follow up results. Conclusion: The rate of hearing loss was low among our studied CH patients. It may be due to proper management of CH patients. In view of the fact that all CH neonates were dyshormonogentic and considering the relation between certain gene mutations and hearing impairment in CH patients, further studies with larger sample size, with regard to different etiologies of CH should be investigated to indicate the possible gene mutations related to hearing loss in CH. © 2012 by Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, All rights reserved.
