Designing a closed-loop supply chain network with a focus on the circular economy concept

Abstract

This paper aims to propose a multi-objective planning model to optimise the closed-loop supply chain network considering the circular economy concept. The intended mathematical model can view all aspects of sustainability, including economic, environmental, and social factors. Objective functions have become a one-objective planning problem using the additive weighing method. The designed mathematical model is solved by GAMS software. Designing a mathematical planning model to optimise the sustainable closed-loop supply chain network focusing on the circular economy concept and considering a framework for validation and solution of the developed model with an appropriate computational method are the main contributions in this paper. The results show that acceptable results are obtained by implementing the proposed model. Copyright © 2025 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.