Developing a Model to Assess and Address Challenges in Implementing BIM for Commercial Buildings: A PLS-SEM Analysis in Iran

Abstract

Building information modeling (BIM) is a transformative tool in the construction industry, integrating design, construction, and operational processes to enhance quality while optimizing time, cost, and energy. Despite its global adoption, BIM implementation in developing countries faces numerous challenges. This research aims to identify and evaluate these barriers in Iran and propose strategies to overcome them. A conceptual model of barriers was first developed through a comprehensive literature review, followed by a survey of 115 industry experts. The collected data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), identifying 30 significant barriers grouped into three categories: cost-related, environmental (organizational, policy, market-related), and technological challenges. The most critical barriers included operating and management costs, such as training workshops (0.743), unavailability of software and technologies due to sanctions (0.724), high costs of equipment and hardware (0.707), and lack of demand for BIM among stakeholders (0.701). The study provides practical insights for stakeholders to address these barriers through training programs, policy reforms, and financial incentives. By overcoming these challenges, the research aims to facilitate broader BIM adoption, improve planning and design, and enhance the efficiency and sustainability of construction practices in Iran. © 2025 American Society of Civil Engineers.