Requirements and features of lignin for advanced materials

Abstract

Lignin-based materials have received significant interest due to their exceptional properties, which position them as promising candidates for advanced applications across diverse fields. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the unique physicochemical characteristics of lignin, including its varying molecular weights, flexible glass transition temperatures, thermal decomposition behavior, ultraviolet resistance, and solubility. The impact of different extraction methods on lignin functionality is discussed, and the various types of lignin are categorized. Furthermore, the chapter explores innovative modification strategies, valorization techniques, and potential applications in multiple sectors. The effects of incorporating lignin into materials, challenges associated with processing and property variability stemming from sourcing, extraction, and modification methods, are examined. The chapter highlights the opportunities to harness prominent features of lignin for eco-friendly solutions and aims to inspire further research and application of lignin in advanced materials by spotlighting its remarkable properties. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.