As one of the oldest and most prestigious faculties of University of Isfahan, the Faculty of Literature and Humanities, established in 1946, has been a center of excellence in Persian language and literature, history, philosophy, linguistics, and cultural studies, preserving Iran rich intellectual heritage while fostering modern academic research.
Journal of Philosophical Theological Research (17359791)(15-16)pp. 105-126
Ontologyandcosmology, includingdiscussionsimportantandlong-standingphilosophythathasalwaysoccupiedthe minds of philosophersOntologyandcosmology, includingdiscussionsimportantandlong-standingphilosophythathasalwaysoccupiedthe minds of philosophersWhitehead,one of thefew philosophers of thetwentiethcenturythatrevived theimportant questionsof metaphysics.Thoughthe traditional problemsof metaphysics,likeunity and multiplicity,stabilityandmotionandtime and placesuggests that,in providinga solutionforthemin any waywithin the framework ofthe attitude ofpreviousphilosophers,such asAristotle,leftا
Journal of Philosophical Theological Research (17359791)(1)pp. 103-128
The present paper is going to comparatively investigate into Kant and Hegel’s views on the essence of ‘category’, giving up the issues such as the number of categories and other detailed discussions. So, to begin with, having mentioned the differences between Kant and Aristotle viewpoints on the categories, the paper inquires into several points such as Kant’s influence on Hegel regarding the categories, Hegel’s criticisms of Kant in this regard, their differences on the category and so on. In other words, the paper inquires into the similarities and contrasts of the two viewpoints on such things as the relationship between the category and noumenon, subjectivity and objectivity of the categories, and critical views on Hegel.
Journal of Philosophical Theological Research (17359791)(4)pp. 7-22
Conjecture, refutation, priority of theory to observation, verisimilitude and
realism are the principal elements of refutability approach. Restating these
elements, this paper is going to show some of its internal inconsistencies and
argue that if observation wouldn’t play a positive role in making theory, there
is no guarantee for verisimilitude to be achieved. Besides, it makes clear that
some statements of priority of theory to observation are inconsistent with
realism. And finally, it will be stated that the Popperian approach involves a
kind of deep skepticism.
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)10(1)pp. 10-15
Background: Lateral osteotomy is a major part of rhinoplasty for remodeling external facet of the nose and narrowing of nasal base and dorsum after removal of the hump. There are two techniques for lateral osteotomy known as external and internal. Each of these provide advantages and impose limitations. The purpose of our study was to compare the severity of postoperative edema and ecchymosis between internal and external osteotomy techniques. Methods: This study was designed as a clinical trial on 30 cases. With randomization, one side of the nasal bone was selected for internal approach, and the other side, for external approach. Then, on the 1st and 7th days after surgery, the patients were scored for the severity of edema and ecchymosis. Results: On the first day after surgery, not only edema, but also ecchymosis was lower with the external osteotomy than with the internal approach (P = 0.037, P = 0.002, respectively). The severity of ecchymosis, on the 7th postoperative day, was lower with the external approach, and the difference was significant (P = 0.011). The severity of both edema and ecchymosis on the first postoperative day was evaluated higher in females, with statistically significant differences (P = 0.05 for edema and P = 0.003 for ecchymosis). The extension of ecchymosis on the 7th postoperative day was higher in women (P = 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two approaches in medialization of the involved bones and no apparent asymmetries either. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, external osteotomy seems to be the approach of choice, provided that the surgeon has enough experience in doing it.
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)10(3)pp. 167-171
Background: The purpose of this study was microbiology of chronic resistant rhino sinusitis with or without nasal polyp in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery and antimicrobial resistance testing. Patients and methods: In a cross-sectional study during December 2000 to June 2002, 94 CRS patients with or without nasal polyp were sampled through FESS for microbiology culture and In-vivo antimicrobial resistance was tested in both groups. Results: In CRS group with polyps (42 patients), the most common isolated organisms were Staph. coagulase-negative (26.2%), Staph. areous (23.8%), E-Coli (16.7%), Klebsiella (14.3%) and Enterobacter (7.1%). In CRS group without polyps (52 patients), the most common isolated organisms were Staph. coagulase-negative (25%), Staph. areous (11.5%), Klebsiella (9.6%), E-Coli (7.7%) and Strep. Non-group A (7.7%). Normal flora grew in 5 cultures (9.6%). In only one culture of CRS group without polyp, Pseudomonas was isolated. No resistance was reported from gram-positive bacteria against vancomycin and gram-negative rods were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxon and ceftizoxim. Conclusion: Despite of some previous studies, the most common micro- organisms in the cultures of CRS cases, regardless of having nasal polyps or not, were Staph. coagulase-negative, Staph. aureus and gram-negative rods, respectively. The incidence of GNRs in CRS group with nasal polyps is higher which may lead to special antibiotic therapy in them. Increasing In Vivo resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics is problematic and the routine old antimicrobial therapy may not be effective enough to control these pathogens and avoid surgical therapy. However, In Vivo evaluations are recommended to reveal a better interpretation.
Jabalameli, M., Hashemi, S.M., Soltani h., , Hashemi j.,
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)10(1)pp. 25-30
Introduction: The antihypertensive drug, clonidine, is a centrally acting alpha 2 agonist, useful as a premedication because of its sedative and analgesic properties. We examined the effect of clonidine given as an oral premedication in producing a bloodless surgical field in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. We also evaluated the relation between bleeding volume and consumption of fentanyl and hydralazine to control hypotension. Methods: This prospective double - blinded clinical trial was performed on 113 patients (ASA I, ASA II). Fifty-two patients received oral clonidine (5, μ g/kg) while the other 61 patients received placebo. During general anesthesia, the hemodynamic endpoint of the anesthetic management was maintenance of hypotension (MAP) at 70 mmHg for producing a bloodless surgical field. The direct control of MAP was attained with inspired concentration increments of halothane up to maximum of 1.5 vol % as needed. When it was unsuccessful, an intravenous fentanyl bolus of 2, μ g/kg was also added. When both drugs failed, hydralazine, was given intravenously as a bolus and intermittently, 0.1mg/kg up to a maximum dose of 40 mg. Intraoperative bleeding was assessed on a six - point scale from 0 (= no bleeding) to 5 (= severe bleeding). Data were compared with chisquare test, fisher's exact test and Student t-test. Results: There was less bleeding volume in the clonidine group (mean ± SD) than in the placebo group (144 ± 75 Vs 225 ± 72 ml, P<0.05). Frequency of bleeding severity scores 3 and 4 (troublesome with repeated suction) were lower in the clonidine group than in the placebo group (12% Vs 35%, P< 0.05). Fentanyl requirement was significantly lower (112 ± 18 Vs 142 ± 21 μ g, P < 0.05) in the clonidine group. Hydralazine requirement was significantly lower (0.45 ± 1.68 Vs 2.67 ± 4.33 mg, P<0.05) as well. Conclusion: Premedication with oral clonidine reduces bleeding in endoscopic sinus surgery and also decreases fentanyl, and hydralazine consumption for controlling hypotension.
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)10(6)pp. 381-383
Background: One of the most common techniques of nasal tip surgery in rhinoplasty is conservative resection of cephalic portion of nasal alar cartilage; although, there is a controversy about its effectiveness on nasal tip rotation in textbooks and articles. Therefore, in this research, we have studied the effect of conservative resection of cephalic portion of alar cartilage on nasal tip rotation. Methods: 35 patients were selected from the patients who were candidates for septoplasty, after getting their agreement. In surgery we performed conservative resection of cephalic portion of alar cartilage. Nasolabial angles were calculated, using the lateral photographs of the patients before and six monthes after surgery. The means of these angles were analyzed with t-paired test. Results: The means and standard deviations of nasolabial angles before and six months after surgery were 91.49±7.35 and 91.57±7.04, respectively. Calculated P-value was 0.52. Conclusion: There was no meaningful difference between means of nasolabial angles before and six months after surgery (P-value was greater than 0.05). Therefore, in this research we concluded that conservative resection of cephalic portion of alar cartilage has no effect on nasal tip rotation.
Amiridavan, M., Nemati, S., Hashemi, S.M., Jamshidi m., M., Saberi, A., Asadi, M.
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)11(4)pp. 263-269
Background: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a perplexing condition for patients and there are many controversies about its etiology, audiologic characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatment. Methods: In this prospective study, we performed some audiologic tests, including PTA, IA, ABR, and OAE (TEOAE) before beginning treatment of 53 patients with SSNHL. We assigned the patients randomly to two treatment groups: oral steroids + acyclovir vs. intravenous urographin. Twenty-eight patients underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Brain. Results: Of 53 patients (22 female and 31 male), 22 (41.5%) had negative or no signal to noise ratio and overall correlation in TEOAE. Twenty-six patients (49%) had positive overall correlations less than 50%, and 5 patients (4.4%) had overall correlations >50%. Fifteen patients (28.3%) responded completely or well, 20 (37.7%) responded partially, and 18 (33.9%) had poor or no response to the treatment. The mean values for overall correlation in 3 subgroups of patients (no response, partial response, and complete response) were - 3.5% (± 1/16%), +11% (± 1/ 99%), and +36.6% (± 3/07%), respectively (P = 0.01). Twenty out of 52 patients had no reproducible wave in ABR (38.5%), and waves I, III, and V were absent in 40 (77%), 31 (59.6%) and 21 (40%) patients, respectively. There were some limitations (false positive and false negative results) in ABR use in our cases, but it may be useful in detecting site of lesion in SSNHL. Overall, according to the results of OAE, ABR, and brain MRI of these patients, 3 were affected by acoustic neurinomas, at least 1 had auditory neuropathy, and the site of lesion was cochlear in 6, and cochlear + retrocochlear in 13 patients. Conclusions: ABR has limitations for use in SSNHL and seems not to obviate the need for brain MRI, but may help in determining the site of lesions such as ischemia or neuropathy. Overall correlation (and S/N ratio) in TEOAE is a valuable prognostic factor in SSNHL, hence we recommend performing TEOAE in every patient with SSNHL.
Moafi, A., Rahgozar, S., Ghias, M., Ahar, E.V., Borumand, A., Sabbaghi, A., Sameti, A., Hashemi, S.M.
International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)2(4)pp. 280-285
Objectives: Obesity and increased blood pressure are identified as risk factors for cardiac and pulmonary disorders. On the other hand, iron deficiency (another preventable disease) is common in adolescence and considered as associated with health impairment. The present study evaluates body mass index (BMI) and its association with blood pressure and hematological indices in freshman students entering the University of Isfahan in 2009. Methods: All the 1675 students who entered the University of Isfahan in September 2009 were examined. Height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell (RBC) indices of these students were measured. The prevalence of high blood pressure, its association with BMI and the relation between BMI and anemia, iron deficiency and educational achievement were assessed. Results: All participants, including 514 males and 1161 females, went under clinical observations. The average age was 20.7 ± 3.8. year Among the students, 18.2% of males and 20% of females were underweight. High systolic blood pressure was more common in the students with BMI > 25 kg/m2 (p < 0.001). Anemia was seen in 8.7% of females. In males, however, a relation between anemia frequency and BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 was more distinct (p = 0.002). There was no association between anemia and students' average test scores. Conclusions: High incidence of abnormal BMI in the study population, and its association with systolic blood pressure indicate the importance of nutritional guidelines and counseling programs for freshman students. On the other hand, high incidence of anemia in this population ascertains the necessity of anemia screening programs before academic studies.
Hashemi, S.M., Mokhtarinejad, F., Karim, M., Okhovat, S.H.
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)16(1)pp. 74-78
BACKGROUND: Recurrence of nasal polyposis following surgical intervention is very common. Antifungal therapy has been an appealing alternative to reduce its recurrence and severity. Early studies showed definite positive response, but recent studies have raised doubts about its efficacy in treatment of polyposis. METHODS: This prospective case-control clinical trial was conducted on 50 patients suffering from nasal polyposis in Isfahan university of medical sciences. All patients underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. CT scanning of paranasal sinuses was done preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively to stage the disease. Patients were assigned to two groups: amphotericine B group were instructed to irrigate the nasal cavity with a solution of amphotericine B, while the normal saline group used the physiologic normal saline for 6 months. RESULTS: 68% of patients in Normal saline and 84% of cases in amphotericine B group reported history of allergies. In amphotericine B group, stage of the disease improved in 84% of patients and remained unchanged in the rest. In normal saline group, imaging stage improved in 22 patients and remained unchanged in 3. The two cohorts were compared for reduction in imaging stage and no significant difference was found between them. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no benefits for topical amphotericin B solution over normal saline. It might be better to retreat to the traditional normal saline nasal douching following functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of polyposis.
Barati, B., Omrani, M.R., Okhovat, A., Kelishadi, R., Hashemi, S.M., Hassanzadeh, A., Abtah, M., Omidifar, N., Okhovat, H.
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)16(4)pp. 509-515
Background: Antimicrobials treatment of Otitis media (OM) reduces some complications, but some of chronic complications, and specially otitis media with effusion (OME), seem to increase. Theoretically the usage of nasal corticosteroid sprays may prevent this problem by reducing the local inflammation around the eustachian tube. So, this study aimed to evaluate the role of nasal corticosteroid spray as an adjuvant for the treatment of OME. Methods: In a randomized, prospective clinical trial, 2 groups of 46 subjects who had OME were recruited. A questionnaire containing patients' characters, history, complaints, otologic examinations, and the report of tympanometries was filled for all before and after treatment. We administered a period of amoxicillin and a decongestant for both group and nasal beclomethasone spray only for case group. Results: Thirty five of cases (76.1%) and 22 (47.8%) of controls had an improvement in their symptoms or the quality of hearing (p = 0.005). Partial remission was the most common finding in 52.2% of the patients in the case group but for control group there was no change (p = 0.024). The higher improvement in the tympanic retraction in the case group was significant (p < 0.05). A significant better tympanometric result has showed in the treatment of left ear in the patients of the case group (p = 0.038) but not for right ear (p = 0.136). Conclusions: We concluded that the administration of nasal beclomethasone spray as an adjuvant for the treatment of OME not only improved the results treatment but also increased the resolution of symptoms and the patients' quality of hearing.
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)16(12)pp. 1590-1597
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of azithromycin vs. fluticasone in treatment of adenotonsillar hypertrophy (AH). METHODS: In a clinical trial, 39 AH patients were selected using a convenient time-based sequential sampling method. The subjects were randomized into two treatment groups. Patients in group A (fluticasone) and B (azithromycin) were respectively treated with fluticasone spray and azithromycin suspension for a 6-week period. Data regarding the grade of obstruction (based on tonsillar size), level of adenotonsillar hypertrophy, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms (including mouth breathing, snoring, hyponasal speech, and sleep apnea) were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire before treatment, as well as 1 week and 8 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: Twenty AH patients in group A and 19 AH patients in group B were studied. AH related symptoms, including mouth breathing, snoring, hyponasal speech and sleep apnea, improved significantly in both groups (p < 0.05). We also found a statistically significant reduced grade of obstruction among patients in both groups. However, fluticasone was not effective on adenotonsillar hypertrophy. One week after treatment, outcomes related to apnea and hyponasal speech were better in group B than group A. Decreases in mouth breathing and snoring were not significantly different between group A and B. CONCLUSIONS: It could explain that though both of the improved and mentioned symptoms comparing within initial status, Azithromycin seems to be more effective than fluticasone in improving AH-related symptoms. Short term efficacy of the antibiotic is much significant than its long term effect.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (03029743)7415pp. 91-108
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences (20392117)(2)
Subjects due to their class position may construct specific fantasies. Class fantasy, one of the given fantasies, is constructed by lower-classes in the society. This study is to critically scrutinize this type of fantasy in media discourse data. Furthermore, as ideology is a means by which cinema apparatus sutures audience within movie narration, the movie ideology and its relation with the given fantasy will be discussed as well. Indeed, the paper presents an attempt to illustrate how movies, through the construction of the fantasy, serve to justify the prevailing ideologies at the time. A case in point is melodrama. The data are extracted from one the most popular movies in the history of Iranian cinema, Ganj-e Qaroon (meaning Qaroon's Treasure). Analysis of the data is done within the frameworks of Bordwell (1995); Cormack (1992); and Zizek (2008a). Findings show that the class fantasy is constructed through the movie. That is the hero, reaching the object-cause of desire namely the girl of narration, may fill the class gap; however, a change in his position causes the object to lose its significance. Concerning the movie ideology, results indicate that the movie ideology, i.e. the class ideology, proposes class coexistence in peace. Indeed, the movie not only represents class fantasy but also uses the end of fantasy in its favor.
Iranian Journal Of Otorhinolaryngology (22517251)24(69)pp. 181-186
Introduction: To study the long-term complications of tympanostomy tube insertion in young children 10 years after surgery. Materials and Methods: In September 2011, the medical records of all patients who had undergone myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion between February 2000 and March 2001 at the two general hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were studied. Of the 98 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 82 patients agreed to participate and were enrolled in the study. The complications of the operation were evaluated in these patients. Results: Of the 164 ears that were operated on, myringosclerosis was found in 17.1%, atrophy of the tympanic membrane in 1.2%, permanent perforation of the tympanic membrane in 0.6% and tympanic membrane atelectasis in 0.6%. None of the patients developed cholesteatoma as a complication of tympanostomy tube insertion. Conclusion: Considering the low risk of serious complications after 10 years, tympanostomy tube insertion is a safe and effective treatment option in the treatment of otitis media with effusion.
