Articles
Journal of Pragmatics (03782166)236pp. 40-59
This paper examines Persian directives through the lens of interactive grammar, aiming to categorize and explore their various types. While the existing model provides valuable analytical tools, it falls short in explaining the plethora of directive data examined in this study. As an initial stride towards broadening the cross-linguistic applicability of interactive grammar, particularly in the realm of directive categorization, this study proposes a more elaborate classification. The Persian directives are categorized into two main groups: primary and secondary, with the latter further subdivided into imperative-derived, adverb-derived, vocative-derived, and nominal directives. Additionally, a fresh perspective is cast on the Persian double-verb imperative, transcending the traditional view of serial verb constructions and elucidating its unique features and functions. The taxonomy of Persian directives posited in this study not only enhances the granularity of the overarching model but also paves the way for its expanded cross-linguistic utility. This detailed classification opens avenues for corpus-based studies to glean deeper insights and aids in the development of more explicit annotation schemes, empowering researchers with some clear-cut categories of directives. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Onomazein (07171285)(62)pp. 166-186
The current study seeks to clarify various ways in which metonymy can affect the meaning of Persian noun-noun nominal compounds. An analysis of 280 endo- and exocentric Persian noun-noun nominal compounds reveals that as far as the role of metonymy in the construction of meaning is concerned, this cognitive mechanism can affect the meaning of Persian nominal compounds in four ways as follows: a) metonymical modifier, b) metonymical head, c) metonymical head and modifier, and d) metonymic nominal compounds as a whole. While the pattern of metonymical modifier only affects the meaning of endocentric compounds, the other three patterns function in the meaning of exocentric compounds. This study substantiates Brdar and Brdar-Szabo’s (2013) and Brdar’s (2017) assertion that metonymy may either act upon the constituents of the compound, i.e., before compounding (the first, second, and third pattern), or the compound as a whole, i.e., after the combination of constituents (the fourth pattern). It is also argued that the metonymical relationship between head and modifier cannot be regarded as a pattern. If such an argument was plausible, non-figurative endocentric compounds would also be metonymical and compounding would basically require the functioning of metonymy. © 2023 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. All rights reserved.
Pragmatics (10182101)33(4)pp. 505-531
We shall concentrate on how the construction and modality system of alternative futures in political discourses are influenced by the construal of past-to-present threats and preemptive politics. Using Dunmire’s (2005) proposed framework and further explorations by Cap (2020) on the subject, we approach twenty of Trump’s speeches on Iran, from 2017–2020. Our analyses indicated that the construction of alternative futures is modified by the evaluations of Iran’s past-to-present status and the politics of preemption. This relationship modifies the speaker’s epistemic judgment on the certainty of the privileged future, the cause-effect relation, and the sceptic views on the successful implementation of preemptive measures, resulting in the articulation of the privileged future through probabilistic and dynamic modalities. Moreover, the privileged future is conceptualised as necessary through deontic modality. By contrast, the realisation of the oppositional future is articulated through unmediated modality pinpointing the status that will materialise in light of inaction and negligence. © International Pragmatics Association.
Language Related Research (23223081)13(2)pp. 587-621
Three types of meaning i.e., propositional, textual and interpersonal were acknowledged for language in the tradition of functional studies. In light of such appraoch, this study aims: 1) to describe different types of meanings of in (this) and ân (that) in Persian and, 2) to show that how basics of grammaticalization can be applied to provide a synchronic survey of the semantic variety of the aforementioned dectic expressions as discourse markers in Persian. On the basis of grammaticalization in terms of Traugott & Dasher (2002), this paper examines the different uses of these linguistic elements by looking at their propositional, textual and interpersonal meanings. The analysis indicates that in & ân are used exophorically, anaphorically and textually in their referential meaning and also used in the bridging contexts. Moreover, the investigation shows unlike ân, the semantic changes of in extends beyond the bridging contexts. So in (this) as a discourse marker, functions textually, subjectively and inter-ubjectively. Grammaticalization of the deictic expressions supports Traugott & Dasher's clines. However, indexicalizing speaker's spatial aspects, in & ân have impersonal subjective meaning. Therefore, Traugott & Dasher's semantic cline, should be modified in way of impersonal subjective > personal subjective > inter-subjective to describe the behavior of these linguistic elements in this respect. © 2022, Tarbiat Modares University. All rights reserved.
