Articles
تاریخ ادبیات (20087349)(2)pp. 85-112
Gol o Nowruz, the romantic masnavi of Khaju Kermani, the prominent and creative poet of the eighth century AH, has been critically edited for the first time by Kamal Eini and afterward by Saeed Niaz Kermani. These two critical editions have several shortcomings and problems that have been addressed in this study. The key shortcoming of their works lies is the absence of methodology; they have not adopted a specific method for editing the text of the available manuscripts. Moreover, neglecting the stylistic features of the text, the meanings of the words and verses, and the story’s narration has caused misreadings of this valuable text. Although Niaz Kermani has overcome some of the shortcomings of Kamal Eini’s work, his edition has its errors and inadequacies. In the present study, by a descriptive-analytical method, the two critical editions of Gol o Nowruz have been criticized. The flaws of both critical editions show that this valuable text requires a new and scientific critical edition
تاریخ ادبیات (20087349)(1)pp. 219-244
The word "Hekmat"(Wisdom) has different meanings in philosophy and literature, and the title of hakim, in literature, is given to different individuals, even eulogists, and satirists. Whereas, on the face of it, this title does not belong to these poets' poetic atmosphere. Through an analytical-descriptive method and with emphasis on historical, philosophical, and verbal data, the present research tries to analyze the bestowment of the title of hakim to the Persian poets. In this regard, it is observed that the historical era, style of poetry, court ranks, and the level of poets' knowledge and content played an important role in the bestowment of the title of hakim to them.
The present article has analyzed the relationship between the title of hakim and admonition, poets' knowledge of then prevalent sciences, public's belief toward proficiency in poetry, and also the reason of bestowment of this title to eulogists and satirists, which is affected by philosophical and verbal discourses. In fact, the bestowment of the title of hakim to eulogists and satirists is related to satirical and eulogy discourses in philosophy According to the Graeco-Arabic philosophy, the satire and the eulogy are related to ''abhorrence'' which is a part of the practical wisdom (civil policy). Literature inherited this philosophical usage. At the same time, the Islamic theologians contributed to the subject; they classified the eulogistic and satirical poetry according to the Sharia', their interpretation of a Quranic verse, and an unauthorized hadith of the Prophet.
