Articles
Publication Date: 2026
Molecular Catalysis (24688231)591
The sustainable design of heterogeneous catalysts that simultaneously capture and convert CO2 remains a central challenge in green chemistry. Herein, we report a facile and eco-friendly strategy for the aqueous encapsulation of cobalt(III)-substituted Keggin-type heteropolytungstate (K5[CoW12O40], Co-HPW) into the mesoporous MIL-100(Fe) framework at 60 °C under ambient pressure, avoiding the need for autoclaves or high-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. The resulting hybrid, Co-HPW@MIL-100(Fe), was thoroughly characterized by PXRD, FTIR, BET, SEM, TEM, TGA, and ICP, confirming structural integrity and successful polyoxometalate (POM) incorporation. Benefiting from the synergistic interplay between the redox-active Co-HPW and the CO2-adsorptive MIL-100(Fe) matrix, the composite catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity for the solvent-free cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. Under optimized conditions, conversions of 86–92% and selectivities of up to 92% were achieved across a broad substrate scope, with a notable turnover frequency of 1380 h−1 for epichlorohydrin. Moreover, Co-HPW@MIL-100(Fe) retained over 83% of its catalytic efficiency after five consecutive runs with negligible Co-HPW leaching (<2%). This scalable, recyclable, and highly efficient POM@MOF platform offers a promising route for sustainable CO2 valorization via green catalytic processes. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Publication Date: 2026
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental (0926-3373)385
Photocatalytic removal of Cefixime (CFX) by the synthesized green and reusable Bi2WO6/TiO2/GO ternary photocatalyst was investigated. XPS and Raman peak shifts, and HR-TEM and backscattered electron images were used to confirm the formation of the heterojunction. A photocatalytic reaction-informed neural network (PRINN) with [7 {11 8 4} 1] architecture was trained by a multi-objective genetic algorithm using boundary and initial conditions, governing laws, and an experimental dataset, included in 7 cost functions. Possible inter- and intra-particle electron transfer mechanisms involved in BTG 1 % were investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) computations justified experimental observations of the influence of the initial pH of the reaction mixture. DFT computations were conducted on the structure, bonding and energetics of the complex of the CFX molecule with hydroxyl and superoxide radicals in a cage of explicit water molecules to confirm the scavenger experiments. LC-MS experiments coupled with DFT computation and QSAR predictions were performed to propose a detailed reaction pathway and estimate their toxicities. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Publication Date: 2025
Advanced Powder Technology (15685527)36(8)
Bi2WO6/TiO2/ZIF-8 photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial toxicity of degraded methylene blue were studied in this paper. The optimum mass ratio of ZIF-8 to Bi2WO6/TiO2 was determined via comprehensive investigation through photocatalytic experiments, and morphological, structural, and photoelectrochemical characterizations. Operating conditions like initial pH, photocatalyst dosage, initial pollutant concentration, and light intensity were examined. The results were modeled by artificial neural networks, and optimization of operating conditions was performed by a genetic algorithm (GA). The GA optimized a cost function expressed as the ratio of the catalyst consumed to the pollutant degraded (mg/g). This optimization computed optimum conditions as pH of 8.41, photocatalyst dosage of 0.05 g/L, dye concentration of 50 ppm, and light intensity of ∼ 580 W/m2 for 99.9 % removal efficiency at 360 min. Experimentally, 935 mg/g removal with ¬93.5 % removal efficiency was obtained. To study the toxicity of degraded solution, LC-MS analysis coupled with density functional theory and quantitative-structure activity relationship indicated that by-products became more toxic than the initial contaminant, representing the necessity of complete removal of the organic dye before releasing to the environment. Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria were determined, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was not achieved for the degraded solution. © 2025 The Society of Powder Technology Japan
Publication Date: 2025
Polymer Bulletin (14362449)82(17)pp. 11815-11837
This study introduces a novel carrier system based on thiolated sodium alginate (TSA), a biopolymer used for drug loading. Sodium alginate was modified with 1,2–ethane dithiol to cross-link the polymer and introduce thiol functional groups. The resulting TSA matrix was used to immobilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Two types of nanocarriers, 6-MP–Auₙₚ@TSA and 6-MP@TSA, were prepared and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis revealed that the synthesized fine Au nanoparticles have an average diameter of approximately 2.4 nm. These platforms were evaluated and compared in terms of drug loading capacity and release behavior. The Auₙₚ@TSA carrier demonstrated a higher drug-loading capacity and superior controlled-release characteristics. The nanocomposites achieved drug loading efficiencies of 93% and 74% for Auₙₚ@TSA and TSA, respectively, and exhibited pH-sensitive release profiles for 6-MP. Under acidic conditions (low pH), the drug-loaded carriers exhibited reduced swelling, with swelling degrees of approximately 13–20% for samples, likely due to hydrogen bonding that limited water penetration. Cytotoxicity assessments were conducted on the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 over a 50-h period. Notably, both carriers showed minimal cytotoxic effects on healthy and cancerous cells at low concentrations. Free 6-MP induced approximately 30% reduction in cancer cell viability at 50 µg/mL. In comparison, the 6-MP–Auₙₚ@TSA and 6-MP@TSA carriers reduced cell viability by 55% and 48%, respectively, after 50 h. Furthermore, 6-MP@TSA and 6-MP–AuNP@TSA showed enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells, with lower IC₅₀ values (70 μM and 26 μM, respectively) compared to free 6-MP. These results highlight the potential of TSA-based biocarriers as biocompatible and degradable platforms for targeted drug delivery, particularly in anticancer applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
