Sayyah, M.,
Beheshti, S.,
Shokrgozar m.a., M.A.,
Eslami-far a., ,
Deljoo z., ,
Khabiri a.r., ,
Haeri rohani a., A. Experimental Neurology (00144886)191(1)pp. 145-153
Ischaemic, excitotoxic and traumatic brain injuries have been associated with the occurrence of epileptic seizures. Microglia, the principal immune cells in the brain, produce a variety of proinflammatory and cytotoxic factors especially interleukin-1 (IL-1) early after an acute insult. We studied the effect of intracerebroventricularly administered IL-1β on seizure acquisition and on fully kindled seizures in amygdala kindling model of epilepsy. IL-1β (0.01 ng/rat) retarded acquisition of kindled behavioral seizures and growth of afterdischarges (AD). IL-1β (0.01-10 ng/rat) also exhibited significant anticonvulsant effect on established kindled seizures and AD duration. This effect began 0.5 h after administration and was continued up to 72 h. Pretreatment of the kindled animals with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, or cyclooxygenase inhibitor, piroxicam, reversed the anticonvulsant effect of IL-1β at early time points. Although most of the previous studies indicate a proconvulsant or convulsant property of IL-1, our results support a protective and antiepileptogenic role of IL-1β. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (09259864)53(7)pp. 1477-1484
Microsatellite markers were used to analyse the biodiversity of 57 accessions of different subspecies and varieties of wild Aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14; D genome) collected across the major areas where it grows in Iran. Levels of diversity were high, with numbers of alleles averaging 7.3 (ranging up to 12) and polymorphism information contents averaging 0.6591. One accession was notably more similar to two of the D genome in hexaploid wheats (Triticum aestivum) used as outgroups. Within the Ae. tauschii accessions, no markers were characteristic for taxa or geographical origin, suggesting high gene flow between the subspecies and varieties, although some groupings, which could be related to geographical origin, were evident. This survey demonstrates the high diversity present in wild goatgrass in Iran, and indicates that there is value in sampling for useful genes for wheat breeding. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
Pharmacology (00317012)76(2)pp. 93-100
In the present study, the effects of intraperitoneal injections of GABAA receptor agonist and antagonist on memory formation and morphine state-dependent learning were investigated in rats. Pre-training administration of morphine (1-15 mg/kg) in a step-down passive avoidance task induced state-dependent learning with impaired memory retrieval on the test day. The impairment of memory was restored after the pre-test administration of the same dose of morphine. The pre-test administration of the GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg), significantly decreased state-dependent retrieval induced by pre-test morphine (5 mg/kg). The state-dependency effect of morphine (1 mg/kg) was significantly potentiated by the pre-test administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg). Furthermore, the pre-training injection of muscimol (0.01 mg/kg) impaired memory retrieval which was restored by pre-test morphine (1,3 and 5 mg/ kg) administration. However, the pre-training administration of bicuculline did not affect retention by itself. In addition, amnesia induced by pre-training morphine (5 mg/kg) was significantly reversed in rats which had received pre-test injections of muscimol (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg). Pre-test injections of bicuculline (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) significantly decreased morphine-induced amnesia. It is concluded that the GABAA receptor mechanisms may be involved in the memory formation and it is postulated that these receptors may play an important role in morphine state-dependent learning. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG.
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (09593993)22(9)pp. 1003-1006
Three strains of Dunaliella salina (I, G and A) were cultivated under the climatic conditions of Iran, in open ponds to compare the β-carotene production and the specific rate of growth. The experiments were accomplished in two separate stages. In the first stage, the cells were grown in ponds on nutrient-rich medium containing 2 M NaCl to obtain the necessary biomass. In the second stage, cells were stressed on nutrient-poor medium containing 2.5 M NaCl for β-carotene induction. The results showed that the specific growth rate of strain I was the highest during the first stage, whereas during the second stage, the growth rates of three strains were approximately the same. The overall results indicated that strain G had the highest potential for β-carotene accumulation of the strains tested and hence it was concluded that this strain is more suitable for outdoor cultivation under the climatic conditions of Iran than the other two. © Springer 2006.
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences (18125735)9(8)pp. 1492-1496
Four strains of Dunaliella salina (I, G1, A and MUR8) were cultivated under the three salinity regimes (1, 2 and 3 M NaCl) to examine the effect of salinity on the β-carotene synthesis per cell and to compare the β-carotene production per culture volume and the rate of growth. During the 30 days of the experiments the batch cultures maintained in the 300 flasks containing 100 of Johnson's medium under the low irradiance (100 μmol photon m-2 s-1) with a 12/8 h light/dark regime and a continuous shaking. The results showed that the inductive effect of salinity on β-carotene accumulation per cell was strain dependent and when the values for the strains IR-1 and Gh-U were slightly higher at 3 M NaCl compare to lower salinities, there were no direct relationships between the concentrations of salt and the β-carotene contents per cell in other two strains (MUR-8 and Au-W). On the other hand, increase the salinity result in serious decreasing in the cell number and the β-carotene content per culture volume of all strains during the experiment. The highest β-carotene content per (14.2 mg L-1) was obtained at 1 M NaCl in the suspension culture of the strain Au-W. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Esmaeili, F.,
Tiraihi, Taki,
Movahedin, Mansoureh,
Mowla j., S.J. Rejuvenation Research (15491684)(4)
The antiaging effect of selegiline was reported by several investigators; therefore, there is a growing interest in the potential use of stern cell therapy in aging. In this investigation, selegiline was used to induce neuronal differentiation in undifferentiated pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The results show that selegiline can induce neuronal phenotype associated with neurotrophic factor expression. Morphologic and immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate the differentiation of the CCE cells, Cresyl violet for the morphologic study, anti-synaptophysin and antityrosine hydroxylase antibodies for characterizing the neuronal phenotype of ESCs, and RT-PCR to study the neurotrophins. The results showed that selegiline can induce dose-dependent ESC differentiation into neurons. Moreover, selegiline can induce neurotrophin expression. This study suggests the potential use of combined selegiline and stem cell therapy to improve deficits in neurodegenerative diseases in aging. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences (18125735)9(11)pp. 2048-2054
Under circumstances where electron transport is restricted, such under low temperature condition, oxidative stress may occur even at optimal or low-light intensities. Short-term-effects of light intensities (20 or 100 μmol m -2 sec-1), on the levels of 6 enzymatic, two nonenzymatic antioxidants, chl a, chl b, total carotenoid and β-carotene, on the antioxidant response of Dunaliella salina under cold temperature (13°C) were quantified after 24 h stress treatments. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased, under 13°C/100 μmol m-2 sec-1, whereas ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), superoxide dismutase and pyrogallol peroxidase activities were induced under 13°C/20 μmol m-2 sec-1. The cells exhibited an increase in reduced ascorbate and reduced glutathione (GSH) coincident with a marked increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), at 13°C/100 μmol m -2 sec-1. There were no marked changes in ascorbate or glutathione pools at 13°C/20 μmol m-2 sec-1, which are similar to those at 28°C/100 μmol m-2 sec-1. Chlorophylls and carotenoids reduction were also observed under chilling treatments, which were more reduced by the higher light intensity (13°C/100 μmol m-2 sec-1). The results of present study indicated various antioxidants responds to different combinations of chilling and low light intensities, in D. salina. These responses are very sensitive to small increase in the light intensity. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
