Global issues such as environmental disasters, malnutrition, poorness, international economic inequalities, local and ethnic conflicts, migration phenomena, globalization paradoxes, and other crises and challenges are so complex that governments and traditional diplomacy cannot tackle them alone. Therefore, diplomacy has expanded beyond the monopoly of governments. One of these new forms of diplomacy is citizen diplomacy or "people-to-people diplomacy." This can involve NGOs, private peacemakers, scholars, or other "bridge builders." Citizen diplomacy takes many forms, such as student/faculty exchanges, church programs bringing conflicting groups together, or cultural/scientific/sporting events that allow disputants to interact cooperatively or competitively. The informality of citizen diplomacy activities gives it a high degree of flexibility. This research aims to demonstrate the effectiveness and importance of citizen diplomacy in today's world, and its role in maintaining peace at the global level. © 2025 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology (discontinued) (20407459)5(1)pp. 171-175
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of social text and context on the political thinking of the contemporary Shiite scholars. On the one hand, contemporary scholars' political thinking exists at the heart of modernity's recent social and political events and in the framework of their understanding of religious teachings in Quran and Sunnah on the other hand. Thus, through their interactions in social contexts and their perception of texts, we may understand their thinking. On the one hand, the struggles, interests and side takings of social and political forces inarguably influence the formation and development of the contemporary scholars' political thinking. On the other hand, religious texts and deductions from them have been effective in understanding new concepts and problems. In this regard, this research attempts to comparatively investigate the effect of social text and context on the political thinking of contemporary Shiite scholars of Samarra, Najaf and Qom schools using discourse and cognitive-comparative methods. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences (discontinued) (20392117)5(7)pp. 555-561
After the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, scholars and thinkers encountered new scientific conditions, modern political ideas and newly established time and ground, and each, responding to these new upheavals which was the governance and fulfilment of Islamic commandments in all political, social, cultural and economic fields, presented ideas appropriate to their thought constellation. Reza Davari as a Fardidian thinker, following the ideas of the famous German philosopher, Martin Heidegger, criticizes the West philosophically and phenomenologically and knows the only redemptive path for Iranians as leaving the West as an integrated whole and criticizes modernity in a severe way. Contrary to this uncompromising approach to the West, another approach, particularly in the second and third decades of the Islamic Revolution gradually appeared which practiced sympathetic approaches to the West and Abdul Karim Soroush as the forerunner of this approach, tried to pave that path for establishing modernism by an epistemological reading of religion. In the present article, it has been tried to discuss and compare the ideas and thoughts of Davari and Soroush to the West.
Advances in Environmental Biology (19950756)8(24)pp. 462-465
Emphasizing information sources of media by which nomination is done is a way to understand and predict human communities and political culture. The media serve as the medium between human and his environment, conveying intentionality means (semantic) phenomena through multiple interaction as well as manipulating individual and collective power games. One of the most significant ways to know citizens who are living in a given political unit is to focus on the media and ways of conveying meaning among citizens. At first stage, media appear as technology tools adopted by an advanced class and dominate architecture, music, theater, writing, communication and all areas, and, after a while, media get an ubiquitous status. As media gets ubiquitous and is involved in everyday life, intermediate semantic techniques get out of instrumental tools, turning into the environment that can be assumed to be a form of life style. Media form both tools and life-style and their importance is such that to understand the main phenomena such as political culture of a society, the social media can be easily evaluated and they help to know which variables and indices form the basis of legitimacy, political philosophy, good governance, political protests, political efficacy and political structures. In this context, the present study attempts to explore the relationship between using satellite and the kind of political culture. © 2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved.
Advances in Environmental Biology (19950756)8(24)pp. 466-469
One of the means of understanding human communities and predicting their political behavior and culture is focusing on information resources of media through which labeling is done. Media are intermediaries between human and his environment and often convey meanings through multilateral actions and interactions in form of intention-making phenomena by manipulating individual and collective power games. In order to understand the citizens of a political unit, the most scientific research is related to understanding media and the way they convey the citizen’s meanings. Media initially present themselves as technological instruments and dominate architecture to music, theatre, calligraphy, communications and all areas and after a while, they take a comprehensive form. By the expansion of the media and their becoming part of daily life, intermediate meaning-creating techniques no longer function merely as instruments and become part of the biological world and are able to shape people’s lifestyles. The media shape both the instruments and lifestyles of people and they are so important that understanding such an important phenomenon as the political culture of any society is possible by simply analyzing the media of that society and find out on what parameters are the legitimacy, political philosophy, preferred governance, political protests, political efficiency and other political structures of the society based. In this regard, the present study attempts to investigate the relationship between internet usage and type of political culture. © 2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved.
Naghdeali, Z.S.,
Emamjomehzadeh, S.J.,
Masoudnia, H.,
Ghasemi, V. International Business Management (discontinued) (19935250)8(6)pp. 384-393
The world today issue of the human psyche and personality plays an important role in social and political activities. Character and mental stability is an important point in setting goals and making decisions, those characters are realistic and stable comfort can decide either to participate in social and political activities. Several factors have an influence in shaping personality and psychological identity such as family, school, community and communication devices, etc., so how to get people in these circumstances and socialization of individuals makes personality and psychological identity and formed according to the identity, participate in political activities. Accordingly, the question examined in this study is: How personality and psychological identity influence in political activities? Recent analyses have demonstrated that personality affects political behavior. According to the mediation hypothesis, the effect of personality on political participation is mediated by classical predictors, such as political interest, internal efficacy, political discussion or the sense that voting is a civic duty. The purpose of this research is examine how the formation personality and psychological identity and type the characters influence in political activities. © Medwell Journals, 2014.
Naghdeali, Z.S.,
Emamjomehzadeh, S.J.,
Masoudnia, H.,
Ghasemi, V. Advances in Environmental Biology (19950756)8(13)pp. 1024-1031
The aim of this study is to investigate the link between religion and identity crisis in Iran. Identity of Iran influenced of Islam, the West and the Iranian So some people are struggling with these and somehow be an identity crisis, another form of identity crisis takes shape at smaller gatherings such as work, family and… But the question is why people can not make good decisions in the communities are or do the task and obligations. Why are people suffering from an identity crisis? Do solved the identity crisis with religious approach? Although there are many different interpretations of the faith in various community, but in this paper we show how the religious approach to deconstructing identity crisis. © 2014 AENSI Publisher. All rights reserved.
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences (discontinued) (20392117)5(23)pp. 2296-2304
The purpose of present study is to represent how the transactional methodology in social sciences is developed by using qualitative approach of grounded theory, setting up focus group workshops and conducting semi-structured interviews with some Iranian professors in the methodology of social sciences. This study used the qualitative approach of the grounded theory. In 2014, focus group workshops were set up, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the professors of methodology in several groups. It is necessary to use qualitative methods in this research due to the recognition of grounded factors. Findings of this study on the basis of data analysis suggests that causal and structural conditions, confusion in choosing the type of methodologies, and imperfection of each methodology in social sciences lead to the different combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, and conducting transaction among the existing methodologies that is affected by the intervening conditions like mutual impacts of methodology and subject on each other as well as considering everything in its own context resulting in the transactional methodology. To conclude, developing transactional methodology paves the way for producing theories, conducting research to solve problems, fulfilling the local and global needs, and developing human knowledge. Finally, the transactional methodology is proposed as an alternative methodology to study a social phenomenon. © 2014 Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.
