This chapter delves into the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the educational systems, spanning both schools and universities. The primary components of an educational system include students, teachers, monitoring and evaluation (M&E), and administrative organization. While there are undoubtedly other components, these mentioned items are the most crucial. Artificial intelligence significantly influences all of them. In this chapter, the authors thoroughly examine and analyze the effect of AI on each of the four educational components, employing a systematic review and library methodology. Consequently, after the introduction, the chapter is organized into four parts, corresponding to each component. The main finding indicates that AI technology has revolutionized education by offering personalized and adaptive learning, flexible teaching, as well as smart administration and swift assessment systems. This chapter also highlights the drawbacks associated with it. © 2024 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.
E-business as one of the ICT infrastructure has experienced a high growth in last three decade, such that the approach and planning of the organization to enter the global market and attract the new customer has been affected in this regard. However the application of E-business in commercial activities requires attention to a range of internal and external factors affecting it. Due to these factors and planning businesses for optimal use of e-business technologies these appliances not only will ensure the success of the operation but also it can provide the business growth. One of the items that may be affected by the implementation of e-business is the structure of the organization. Following the changes in the organizational structure, many other fields will be changed in the organization. One of the most important fields is the role and responsibilities of mangers. In this paper the impact of implication of E-business in three factors of organization structures including controlling, standardization of integration and centralization of the role of middle manager position will be reviewed. © 2015 IEEE.
Global issues such as environmental disasters, malnutrition, poorness, international economic inequalities, local and ethnic conflicts, migration phenomena, globalization paradoxes, and other crises and challenges are so complex that governments and traditional diplomacy cannot tackle them alone. Therefore, diplomacy has expanded beyond the monopoly of governments. One of these new forms of diplomacy is citizen diplomacy or "people-to-people diplomacy." This can involve NGOs, private peacemakers, scholars, or other "bridge builders." Citizen diplomacy takes many forms, such as student/faculty exchanges, church programs bringing conflicting groups together, or cultural/scientific/sporting events that allow disputants to interact cooperatively or competitively. The informality of citizen diplomacy activities gives it a high degree of flexibility. This research aims to demonstrate the effectiveness and importance of citizen diplomacy in today's world, and its role in maintaining peace at the global level. © 2025 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Journal of Global Optimization (09255001)24(1)pp. 79-88
The Network Design Problem has been studied extensively and in many of these models the cost is assumed to be a concave function of the loads on the links. In this paper we investigate under which conditions this is indeed the case for the communication networks. The result is presented as a theorem, the Concavity Theorem, and a list of conditions that can easily be verified. It is also shown how the theorem can be extended to other applications, like in the area of road transportation.
International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management (0265671X)21(7)pp. 731-746
In almost all of the existing resources of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), "severity" is being determined from the designers' point of view, not from the customers' side. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to enhance FMEA capabilities through its integration with Kano model. This evolves the current approaches for determination of severity and "risk priority number" (RPN) through classifying severities according to customers' perceptions. It supports the nonlinear relationship between frequency and severity of failure. Also a new index called "correction ratio" (Cr) is proposed to assess the corrective actions in FMEA. The findings of a short case study highlight the gap between managers and customers in prioritising a set of failures and the difference between RPN and Cr prioritisations, caused by target failure frequencies. The proposed approach enables managers/designers to prevent failures at early stages of design, based on customers who have not experienced their products/services yet. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Linear Algebra and Its Applications (00243795)390(1-3)pp. 345-355
Let R be a non-commutative ring. The commuting graph of R denoted by Λ (R), is a graph with vertex set R \ Z(R), and two distinct vertices a and b are adjacent if ab = ba. In this paper we investigate some properties of Λ(R), whenever R is a finite semisimple ring. For any finite field F, we obtain minimum degree, maximum degree and clique number of Λ(M n (F)). Also it is shown that for any two finite semisimple rings R and S, if Λ(R) ≃ Λ(S), then there are commutative semisimple rings R1 and S1 and semisimple ring T such that R ≃T × R1, S ≃ T × S1 and |R1| = |S1|. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Afshani, P.,
Ghandehari, M.,
Ghandehari, M.,
Hatami h., H.,
Tusserkani, R.,
Zhu, X. Journal of Graph Theory (03649024)49(4)pp. 325-335
This paper proves that if G is a graph (parallel edges allowed) of maximum degree 3, then χc′(G) ≤ 11/3 provided that G does not contain H1 or H2 as a subgraph, where H1 and H2 are obtained by subdividing one edge of K23 (the graph with three parallel edges between two vertices) and K4, respectively. As χc′(H1) = χ c′(H2) = 4, our result implies that there is no graph G with 11/3 < χc′(G) < 4. It also implies that if G is a 2-edge connected cubic graph, then χc′(G) ≤ 11/3. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, inc.
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