محمد نصری نصرآبادی،
مهدی گنجور و
سیدمهدی امامی جمعه اندیشه دینی (22516123)(88)pp. 117-139
مسئلهٔ عاملیّت انسان ـ به این معنا که انسان، واجد عمل است؛ عملی که از آن اوست و میتوان آن را به وی انتساب داد ـ، در علوم انسانی چنان پراهمیت است که میتوان ملاک تقسیمبندی جریانهای بزرگ علوم انسانی را در نقشی جستجو کرد که به عامل میدهند. به بیان دیگر، شناسایی دانشهای انسانی، قبل از هر چیز، مستلزم شناسایی انسان کنشگر است و انسان از آن حیث که عامل، کنشگر و پدیدهساز است، موضوع این علوم قرار میگیرد؛ اما توصیف انسان به «عامل» و قائل شدن به «عاملیّت» او، در گرو تبیین ما از چیستی و تشخّص «عمل» است. پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد حِکمی و بر اساس آنچه از مبانی حکمت متعالیه برمیآید، ابتدا به تبیین حقیقت نیّت با توجّه به دو سرفصل و کلیدواژهٔ فلسفی متناظر با آن یعنی «علّت غائی» و «اختیار» میپردازد و بر همین اساس نقش آن در تشخّص عمل را پی میگیرد و در نهایت، نشان میدهد نیّت به عنوان اوّلین فعل هموارهاختیاری در سلسله مبادی افعال اختیاری انسان از طرفی، و نیز علّت غائی عمل او از طرف دیگر، با معیّن کردن کیفیّت ارتباط و اتّحاد مختارانهٔ عامل با لایههای نفس اطلاقی خویش، تمام هویّت و تشخّص عمل را شکل میدهد و بنابراین عاملیّت انسان از لحاظ کمّ و کیف، با نیّت او از انجام عمل گره خورده است.
European Journal of Science and Theology (18410464)(1)
This study aims to reveal the capacity of children’s philosophical education in their spiritual development and its efficiency in promoting peace and the denial of religious violence. While analysing the model of philosophical education, this article briefly examines its principles, goals and methods. It then investigates the impact of this educational program on improving children’s peaceful behaviours and enhancing their communicational skills with others in order to reduce violence. Field studies have shown that failure in self-expression, inability to self-control and self-restraint, low level of tolerance, imposition of radical and monopolistic ideas, dogmatism and weakness in reasoning are the most significant causes of religious violence in children. Therefore, one of the essential missions of the educational system should be to create a friendly and safe environment where the grounds and causes of violence are not possible. One of the most significant functions of philosophical education is to strengthen skills such as open-mindedness, critical-reasoning thinking, empathic thought to promote a culture of tolerance and teaching an aesthetic view of existence that leads to the love of God and His creatures. The findings show that the development of these skills through philosophical education can improve their relationships with fellow human beings in an empathetic and rational atmosphere and thus, reduce religious tension and violence. © 2023, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved.
New religious converts experience many ups and downs before and after conversion and acquire a new and alternative understanding of religion and religiosity. The paper seeks to examine their spiritual experiences before and after converting to NSMs and answer this question: what factors and experiences led to the emergence of such a transformation in their religious life? For this purpose, we examined the narratives of people who had converted to NSMs in Iran using narrative interviews and narrative analysis methods. The findings show that such factors and experiences as the imposition of the official and superficial interpretation of religion, the experience of deprivation in one’s personal and social life, distressing experiences of encounters with evil, and the search for meaning all brought about changes in people’s religious loyalties. We also identified the most meaningful aspects of the spiritual transformation of the studied converts to NSMs, these promoting “Autonomous Religiosity” over “Heteronomous Religiosity”. By examining their narratives, we discovered the following coordinates as the most critical manifestations of their spiritual transformation: adherence to beliefs and rituals in early religious life; the reduction of religion to inner spirituality; anti-superficial esotericism; and maximum tolerance in all aspects of religiosity. © 2022 Masarykova Univerzita. All rights reserved.
South African Journal of Philosophy (02580136)(1)
The purpose of this article is to show the efficiency of “Philosophy for Children” (PFC) in their spiritual development and its impact on promoting peace and coexistence with others, both coreligionists and non-coreligionists. While analysing the concept of spirituality, the article also explores the basics, and the goals and methods of the PFC programme. It then examines the influence of this educational programme on fostering children’s prosocial behaviours and strengthening their communication skills with others to develop peace and denial of violence. The results show that the PFC training model strengthening skills (such as creating an acceptance spirit), enhancing the child’s emotional intelligence and teaching moderation in belief and practice and commitment to rationality and morality of belief, can improve their relations with fellow human beings in a rational space associated with compassion, and as a result, reduce tension and violence. © 2022 South African Journal of Philosophy.
HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies (02599422)(1)
This article aims at showing the potentiality of Transcendent Theosophy (Al-Hikmah Al-Muta’aliyah) in the creation of peace and denial of religious violence. Belief in Necessary Being that is identical to beauty and perfection is one of the central issues in Islamic philosophy, particularly Mulla Sadra’s Transcendent Theosophy. This belief has different stages, the highest one of which is a love-based sense of humbleness before God who is the source of beauty. Thus, faith in the thought of Mulla Sadra is one of the aesthetic categories. Surrender to such a Being leads to love in him and his effects. Thus, in Transcendent Theosophy, love in God is followed by the love in people. This love is associated with the sense of responsibility and the effort for the realisation of people’s rights. In the final part of the article under the title ‘Mulla Sadra and Confrontation of Two Types of Religious Understanding’, through the analysis of Mulla Sadra’s dialogue with a religious radical, we have criticised the discourse of religious violence and concluded that Transcendent Theosophy is a defender of human rights and a pioneer of peace and a despiser of religious violence. The most important finding of this study is that according to Mulla Sadra, religious radical interpretations are the source of the emergence of religious violence, and the solution to this problem is the promotion of rational and conscious religiosity. The method used in this research is of descriptive-analytic type. Contribution: The article brought to fore the potentiality of Islamic philosophy for the realisation of peace and the denial of religious violence. The authors analytically studied Mulla Sadra’s pacifist foundations in order to ascertain its relation with non-violence towards humans. The main contribution of this article is that the teachings of Transcendent Theosophy are very useful for creating peaceful coexistence between human beings. © 2020. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS.
International Journal of Children's Spirituality (1364436X)(2)
This paper aims at showing the efficiency and influence of spiritual education on improvement of communicational behaviour of children with the followers of others religions through presentation of an Islamic model derived from Quran and prophetic tradition. In the first part of the paper, we have provided a conceptual analysis of spirituality along with a short history of the attention to spiritual education of children in the world. Then, we introduce the Islamic model of spirituality and its moral foundations and aspects. In the final part of the paper, we have inferred the key factors of Islamic Model for Children’s Spiritual Education that play a vital role in the reinforcement of communicational skills of the children with the non-coreligionists. The method used in the current research is of descriptive-analytic type. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.