Etemadi, N.,
Mehdikhani, M.,
Yilgör, P.,
Poursamar, S.A.,
Rafienia m., M. Emergent Materials (2522574X)7(3)pp. 1103-1113
The importance of managing wound care lies in the skin’s vital function within the human body. The fabrication of effective materials for biomedical applications presents a significant challenge. The implementation of the electrospinning technique offers a potential solution for the development of biological scaffolds. In the current study, the electrospinning technique was employed to effectively integrate diltiazem hydrochloride (DTH) into a polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/polycaprolactone (PVA/CS/PCL) membrane at a concentration of 10% (w/w). The physicochemical and cellular characteristics of the nanocomposite material were subsequently evaluated in vitro. The outcome of the morphological analysis demonstrated that despite the decrease in nanofiber diameter resulting from the inclusion of DTH, the wound dressing remains in compliance with the necessary standards. The incorporation of PCL resulted in a noteworthy augmentation in tensile strength (1.58 ± 0.45 MPa), a reduction in degradation rate, could significantly control the rate of drug release, exhibiting nearly a 50% decrease. Moreover, DTH exhibited promise in the field of wound healing as it amplified wettability and mechanical properties, and fosters the viability, proliferation, and adherence of the cultured fibroblasts. Using this technique, an increased proportion of DTH can be successfully incorporated into the electrospun PVA/CS/PCL nanofibers without any adverse effects. The data obtained from the study suggests that a scaffold containing 10% w/w DTH-enriched PVA/CS/PCL possesses remarkable cytocompatibility and wound healing properties, thus presenting a promising candidate for future biomedical applications. © Qatar University and Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Ghaziof, S.,
Shojaei, S.,
Mehdikhani, M.,
Khodaei, M.,
Jafari nodoushan, M. Journal of Bionic Engineering (16726529)21(2)pp. 924-937
Engineered cardiac constructs (ECC) aid in the progression of regenerative medicine, disease modeling and targeted drug delivery to adjust and aim the release of remedial combination as well as decrease the side effects of drugs. In this research, polycaprolactone/gold nanoparticles (PCL/GNPs) three-dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds were manufactured by 3D printing using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method and then coated with gelatin/spironolactone (GEL/SPL). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR–ATR) were applied to characterize the samples. Furthermore, drug release, biodegradation, behavior of the myoblasts (H9C2) cell line, and cytotoxicity of the 3D scaffolds were evaluated. The microstructural observation of the scaffolds reported interconnected pores with 150–300 µm in diameter. The 3D scaffolds were degraded significantly after 28 days of immersion in stimulated body fluid (SBF), with the maximum rate of GEL- coated 3D scaffolds. SPL release from cross-linked GEL coating demonstrated the excess of drug release over time, and according to the control release systems, the drug delivery systems (DDS) went into balance after the 14th day. In addition, cell culture study showed that with the addition of GNPs, the proliferation of (H9C2) was enhanced, and with GEL/SPL coating the cell attachment and viability were improved significantly. These findings suggested that PCL/GNPs 3D scaffolds coated with GEL/SPL can be an appropriate choice for myocardial tissue engineering. © Jilin University 2024.
Kazemi, M.,
Esmaeili, H.,
Khandaei dastjerdi, M.,
Amiri, F.,
Mehdikhani, M.,
Rafienia m., M. Heliyon (24058440)10(22)
Extrusion based 3-D printing has been extensively applied to create geometrically complex composite polymer-ceramic structures as bone tissue substitute. The rheological features of the formulated bioink that regulate the printability and resolution of the printed scaffolds, rely on physicochemical properties of ink components, mainly their composition and chemical structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different content of 45S5 bioglass (BG) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanoparticles on the rheological behavior of printing inks and final composite scaffolds based on polycaprolactone (PCL)/BG/β-TCP. Ceramic nano-powders were first characterized and the composite bioinks were prepared by mixing various ratios of BG and β-TCP powders into the 50 % w/v of PCL solution (β-TCP/BG: 70/30, 50/50, 30/70, and 10/90 w/w %). All formulated inks showed a thixotropic behavior and viscosity significantly increased by applying higher fraction of BG. Interestingly highly loaded β-TCP ink (β-TCP/BG: 70/30) revealed a rubbery nature with high surface tension which reduced final scaffolds resolution. All printed scaffolds possessed highly porous structure with interconnected pores. However, porosity percentage and shape stability improved by increasing BG content which was accompanied with lower mechanical strength and superior biodegradation and bioactivity of scaffolds. The biological performance of the printed scaffolds was evaluated using osteoblast cell line MG-63. MTT assay and cell attachment observation by SEM confirmed that printed scaffolds are well biocompatible and properly support cell colonization and proliferation. In overall, besides more appropriate materialistic properties, scaffolds with β-TCP/BG: 30/70 composition provided the most favorable microenvironment for cell colonization and growth. © 2024
Shahravi, Z.,
Mehdikhani, M.,
Amirkhani, M.A.,
Mollapour sisakht, M.,
Farsaei, S. Polymer Bulletin (14362449)80(2)pp. 2217-2237
In this research, a novel drug-loaded nanofibrous membrane composed of polyvinyl alcohol/gellan gum (PVA/GG) on polycaprolactone (PCL) as a scaffold to deliver pentoxifylline (PTX) was fabricated for wound healing. The morphology and mean fiber diameter of scaffolds were characterized. Mechanical properties, wettability, degradation rate, and drug delivery were evaluated for each fibrous scaffold. The cytotoxicity evaluation of the samples was conducted using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The results confirmed that PVA/GG with the ratio of 50:50 has an optimum fibers’ diameter ranging between 86 and 110 nm, over 76% of porosity, and a desired mechanical properties for skin tissue engineering. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elastic modulus of the PTX-loaded scaffold (PVA/GG 50:50) decreased compared with the non-loaded one. Adding 20 mg/ml PTX to the scaffold caused a considerable increase in the samples’ degradation. Furthermore, the PTX-loaded scaffold showed a higher wettability and roughness in comparison with the one without PTX. The PTX was released from the fibrous membrane up to 120 h. HDFs’ viability and adhesion were significantly higher for drug-loaded scaffolds compared with the control group. In summary, the nanofibrous composite scaffold made of PTX-PVA-GG/PCL could be used as a suitable wound dressing for speeding up wound regeneration. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Ghaziof, S.,
Shojaei, S.,
Mehdikhani, M.,
Khodaei, M.,
Jafari nodoushan, M. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials (18780180)132
The human's heart cannot regenerate after a wound by itself. So myocardial tissue can be damaged, leading to acute inflammation and scar. To overcome this issue, three dimensional (3D) scaffolds with appropriate properties have been proposed. In this study, Poly ε-caprolactone (PCL)/Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) nanocomposite scaffolds containing 0, 0.25 and 0.5 wt% GNPs were prepared by 3-D printing by using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were then used to characterize the scaffolds. Also, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, contact angle, and thermal behavior of the scaffolds were measured. According to the results, the scaffold containing 0.5 wt% GNPs corroborated optimal properties including appropriate mechanical properties, adequate wettability and suitable electrical conductivity for cardiovascular application, as compressive strength and electrical conductivity were increased approximately by 9.1% and 25%, respectively. In contrast, contact angle was decreased about 38%, which caused the scaffolds' hydrophilicity. Overall the electrocunductive 3D PCL/GNPs 0.5 wt% scaffold could be developed with the control of some parameters that could be well implemented by this fabrication method; also, the addition of GNPs to improve some properties can be regarded as a promising candidate for myocardial tissue engineering. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Polymer Bulletin (14362449)79(3)pp. 1627-1645
In this study, for the first time, core/shell nanofibrous mats of polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CS) as a carrier for the rosuvastatin (RSV) drug were fabricated. To do this, the electrospinning technique using a two-fluid stainless steel coaxial spinneret consisted of two concentrically arranged needles was used. The CS layer as a shell contained 5% (w/w) of the RSV drug. The fabricated nanofibrous mats were characterized by different techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile testing, and hydrophilicity measurements. Then, the fabricated core/shell nanofibrous mats containing the RSV drug as a drug delivery system (DDS) were used to evaluate the in vitro drug release behavior in a typical phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution at different pH values (i.e., 4, 6, and 7.4) for 48 h. Moreover, the corresponding drug release mechanism was investigated. To study the cytotoxicity, the viability of the human fibroblast cells exposed to the fabricated DDS was examined. The results showed that under optimum electrospinning conditions, the average diameter of the PCL core was about 120 nm, and the thickness of the CS shell was about 60 nm. Also, the presence of all the components was confirmed in the structure of the fabricated DDS. Moreover, the addition of the RSV drug had no significant effect on the mechanical properties of the PCL/CS core/shell nanofibrous mats. Due to the pH-responsive feature of the CS shell, the RSV drug release from the fabricated DDS showed a reasonable environmental response as the pH value of the PBS solution decreased, the degree of drug release correspondingly increased. It was also found that the prolonged release of the RSV drug from the fabricated DDS followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model with the Fickian diffusion mechanism at all the pH conditions. The CS layer enhanced the cytotoxicity and hydrophilicity of the fabricated DDS and led to the controllable drug release behavior, which would provide a beneficial approach for drug delivery technology. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science (00218995)138(18)
This study aimed at designing and fabrication of a novel injectable and thermosensitive melatonin-loaded pluronic/chitosan hydrogel containing gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and poly glycerol sebacate (PGS) for myocardial tissue engineering. The PGS nanoparticles were used as the melatonin (drug model) carrier. The gelation time, syringeability, stability, and swelling of the hydrogel were scrutinized. Rheological properties, chemical composition, and morphology of the samples were also investigated. The effect of GNPs addition on the electrical conductivity of hydrogel was assessed. The cytotoxicity of hydrogels was assessed through MTT assay in the exposure of H9C2 cells up to 7 days. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to evaluate the morphology of seeded cells. The synthesis parameters of PGS nanoparticles were optimized through which 2.5%w/v of PGS and 1:10 organic phase to aqueous phase (O/A) ratio were found desirable. The optimum hydrogel illustrated 2 min gelation time and was stable up to 20 days with 5% swelling in the first 12 h into phosphate buffered saline. The GNPs with a uniform distribution rendered the hydrogel electrically conductive (1500 μS/cm). According to the MTT assay results, 3.125 μM melatonin was considered as the suitable concentration by which a significant increase in the cell viability was observed. The results exhibited that the prepared hydrogel composed of pluronic/chitosan/GNPs, and 3.125 μM melatonin-loaded PGS nanoparticles could be applied as a promising scaffold for myocardial tissue engineering. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science (00218995)138(16)
In this study, a thin layer with a thickness of about 120 μm of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was fabricated by electrospinning method. Then, a fibrous nanocomposite composed of PCL/silk fibroin/strontium carbonate (PCL/SF/SrCO3) was electrospun on the prepared layer. Then, they were characterized. The mechanical properties, water uptake, degradation rate, wettability, porosity, and bioactivity of the electrospun membrane were scrutinized in vitro. Cytotoxicity of the samples was assessed by using osteoblast-like cells (SAOS-2) and L929 fibroblasts. Moreover, the cell adhesion, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposition through alizarin red staining were conducted. Results revealed that the bilayer structure doubled the optimum mechanical properties and the addition of SrCO3 up to 15%–20% increased ALP activity, calcium deposition, and bioactivity. According to the results, the nanofibrous bilayer membrane containing 20 wt% SrCO3, 20 wt% SF, and 60 wt% PCL was chosen as the optimum sample. Therefore, this membrane could be applied in guided bone regeneration (GBR). © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Journal of Biomaterials Applications (08853282)35(8)pp. 958-977
In this study, gelatin/hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffolds containing different amounts of atorvastatin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) coated entirely with polycaprolactone (PCL) film were fabricated for skin regeneration. 12 atorvastatin-loaded NLCs formulations were synthesized, and particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency (EE), and drug release of the formulations were determined. The optimum freeze-dried atorvastatin-loaded NLCs were added in 3 different weight percentages to the gelatin and HA membranous scaffolds. Thereafter, the membranes were coated entirely by a thin layer of the PCL. They were characterized, and then mechanical properties, in vitro degradation and in vitro drug release were assessed. Moreover, human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) were cultured on the prepared nanocomposite scaffolds in order to investigate the cytotoxicity by the MTT assay after the first day, third day, and fifth day. Results revealed that the most favorable atorvastatin-loaded NLCs had 99.54 nm average particle size, −24.30 mV zeta potential, 97.98% EE, and 75.24% drug release within 237 hrs. Mechanical tests indicated that all the three scaffolds had approximately a 90 MPa elastic modulus which was more than two-fold of tensile modulus of normal human skin. The in vitro degradation test demonstrated that the membranes were degraded up to 98% after 5 days, and the scaffolds drug release efficiency (DRE) was in a range of 75–79% during those 5 days. The MTT assay results confirmed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds. The scaffold containing 54.1 wt% NCLs was the optimum sample (S3). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the latter one showed the uniform distribution of the NLCs with an average size of 150 nm, and the images of cultured HDF illustrated the good cell attachment. In conclusion, suitable physicochemical and biological properties of the novel gelatin/HA/PCL nanocomposite scaffold containing 54.1 wt% atorvastatin-loaded NLCs (S3) can be a good candidate for skin regeneration. © The Author(s) 2020.
Rastegar, S.,
Mehdikhani, M.,
Bigham, A.,
Poorazizi, E.,
Rafienia m., M. Materials Chemistry and Physics (02540584)266
In this study, a new nanocomposite scaffold entailing poly glycerol sebacate/polycaprolactone/carbon quantum dots (PGS/PCL/CQDs) was designed and fabricated for cardiac muscle regeneration. The PGS/PCL fibrous scaffolds were electrospun in disparate weight ratios—2:1 and 1:1. Next, different amounts of CQDs (0.5 and 1 wt %) were incorporated in the PGS/PCL fibers to reach a ternary nanocomposite scaffold. Besides characterizing the physical and chemical properties of scaffolds—morphology, chemical bonds, mechanical properties, wettability, and electrical conductivity—the biological properties including cytotoxicity, cell attachment and proliferation, and degradation rate were assessed in vitro. To give proof of CQDs inclusion in the fibers, transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent assay were applied. Addition of both PGS and CQDs to the PCL fibers resulted in a significant decrease in the mean fiber diameter of ternary nanocomposite scaffold from 862 ± 167 down to 376.82 ± 150 nm. The electrical conductivity of scaffolds was increased through the incorporation of CQDs, whereas the addition of CQDs up to 1 wt % led to a decrease in the cell viability. According to the weight ratio optimization, the PGS/PCL/CQDs scaffold (2:1:0.5) outperformed the others in physical, chemical, and biological properties; the scaffold's Young's modulus, elongation at break, and ultimate tensile strength were 11 ± 1 MPa, 10 ± 1 mm, and 5 ± 1 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the cell viability of optimized nanocomposite scaffold was found to be very close to the negative control proving its desirable cell compatibility. Therefore, the optimized PGS/PCL/CQDs nanocomposite scaffold can be potentially promising for cardiac muscle tissue engineering. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Journal Of Medical Signals And Sensors (22287477)10(4)pp. 260-266
Background: Spironolactone (SP) is a lipophilic aldosterone receptor antagonist that few studies have reported its effect on cardiac remodeling. In addition, fewer researches have considered its influence on cardiomyocyte viability and potential benefits for myocardial tissue remodeling. Method: In this study, stearic acid (SA) (solid lipid) and oleic acid (OA) (liquid lipid) were utilized to produce nanostructured lipid carries (NLCs) (various ratios of SA to OA and water amount, F1: 80:20 [30 ml water], F2: 80:20 [60 ml water], F3: 70:30 [30 ml water], and F4: 70:30 [60 ml water]) containing SP and their particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and release profile were measured. The purpose of encapsulating SP in NLCs was to provide a sustain release system. Meanwhile, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay with different concentrations of SP-loaded NLCs (SP-NLCs) was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the NLCs on rat myocardium cells (H9C2). Results: Increase of oil content to 10 wt% reduced the particle size from 486 nm (F1) to 205 nm (F2). Zeta potential of the samples at around −10 mV indicated their agglomeration tendency. After 48 h, SP-NLCs with the concentrations of 5 and 25 μM showed significant improvement in cell viability while the same amount of free SP-induced cytotoxic effect on the cells. SP-NLCs with higher concentration (50 μM) depicted cytotoxic effect on H9C2 cells. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 25 μM SP-NLCs with sustain release profile had a beneficial effect on cardiomyocytes and can be used as a mean to improve cardiac tissue regeneration. © 2020 Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology (17732247)56
In this study, an optimal combination of sodium alginate (SA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel containing Rosuvastatin-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles was fabricated as the drug delivery system (DDS). First, the drug-loaded nanoparticles were synthesized by the ionic gelation method. Then, several hydrogel films with different ratios of SA:PVA were prepared. Subsequently, different concentrations of drug-loaded CS nanoparticles were added to a hydrogel with an optimal SA:PVA ratio. The results of the tensile test showed that in the SA:PVA ratio of 7:3 and 3 wt % of drug-loaded CS nanoparticles, the hydrogel film was achieved with optimal mechanical properties. The mean size of drug-loaded CS nanoparticles determined by the AFM and DLS methods was in the range of approximately 100–150 nm. The release profile of the Rosuvastatin drug from the fabricated DDS illustrated that all the loaded drug was released within 24 h, and the CS nanoparticles had a significant effect on the release behavior. Also, the cytotoxicity of the fabricated DDS on the human fibroblast cells demonstrated a high cell viability after 72 h of incubation. Therefore, the fabricated SA/PVA hydrogel containing drug-loaded CS nanoparticles depicted a great potential as the delivery system for the controlled release of the Rosuvastatin drug. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
IET Nanobiotechnology (1751875X)13(9)pp. 933-941
This study aimed to prepare, optimise, and characterise the novel hybrid hydrogel scaffold containing atorvastatin lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) and gold nanoparticles (NPs) to improve cardiomyoblasts proliferation and regeneration of myocardium. A thermo-responsive aminated guaran (AGG) hydrogel was prepared to encompass extracellular matrix (ECM) fetched from human adipose tissue. Emulsion phase-inversion technique was used to obtain LNCs. Biocompatibility, tensile strength, conductivity, and proliferation of human myocardial cells of the optimised formulation were studied. The LNCs have a spherical shape, and the optimised formulation showed a mean particle size of 18.79 nm, the zeta potential of − 11.4 mV, drug loading of 99.99%, and release efficiency percent over 72 h was 18.73%. The injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel prepared using 1 w/v% of AGG, 35 w/w% of ECM, ∼0.5 mg/ml of gold NPs and atorvastatin loaded LNCs showed the best physical characteristics. The hybrid scaffold loaded with atorvastatin and gold NPs improved the proliferation of cardiomyoblasts more than sevenfold with enhanced cell attachment to the scaffold. The tensile strength and the conductivity of the scaffold were 300 kPa and 0.14 S/m, respectively. Injectable hybrid adipose tissue prepared by ECM and AGG hydrogel loaded with atorvastatin and gold NPs showed promising physical characteristics for myocardial tissue engineering. © 2019 Institution of Engineering and Technology. All rights reserved.
Materials Technology (17535557)34(9)pp. 540-548
3-D nanocomposite scaffolds have recently had wide applications in bone tissue engineering. In this study, 58S bioactive glass nanoparticles (nBGs) were synthetized using sol-gel method and characterized. According to the results, the size of nanoparticles was achieved less than 100 nm. In the following step, Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) was reinforced with 7.5, 10 and 15 %wt. of nBGs. Then, nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning technique and the structure was characterized structurally and mechanically. The results show that nanocomposite scaffolds have interconnected porosity with proper distribution and interaction of nBGs with polymeric nanofibres. Finally, The bioactivity of the optimized scaffold was evaluated by soaking in the simulated body fluid for 21 days and results obtained the P3HB/nBG electrospun scaffolds are bioactive as the apatite layer was observed on the surface of the fibres. To sum up, P3HB/nBG electrospun scaffold could be a very good candidate for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Materials Science and Engineering C (09284931)105
In the present study, porous (about 70 vol%) nanocomposite scaffolds made of polycaprolactone (PCL) and different amounts (0 to 15 wt%) of 45S bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles (with a particle size of about 40 nm) containing 7 wt% strontium (Sr) were fabricated by solvent casting technique for bone tissue engineering. Then, a selected optimum scaffold was coated with a thin layer of chitosan containing 15 wt% Sr-substituted BG nanoparticles. Several techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile test, and water contact angle measurement were used to characterize the fabricated samples. In vitro experiments including degradation, bioactivity, and biocompatibility (i.e., cytotoxicity, alkaline phosphate activity, and cell adhesion) tests of the fabricated scaffold were performed. The biomedical behavior of the fabricated PCL-based composite scaffold was interpreted by considering the presence of the porosity, Sr-substituted BG nanoparticles, and the chitosan coating. In conclusion, the fabricated chitosan-coated porous PCL/BG nanocomposite containing 15 wt% BG nanoparticles could be utilized as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (15315053)77(10)pp. 2027-2039
Purpose: The present study compared the in vivo efficacy of a novel synthesized polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/bioactive glass (BG) nanocomposite membrane versus a cytoplast (Cy) membrane in terms of the average percentage of new bone formation and inflammation levels. Materials and Methods: In the present interventional animal study, 12 male New Zealand rabbits were tested. In the parietal bone of the rabbits, 24 defects were prepared (2 defects for each rabbit), which were divided into 3 equal groups (Cy, PCL, and control). Each rabbit's calvarial bone was prepared for the histologic and histomorphometric survey. The amount of regenerated bone (ie, length, area, percentage), necrosis rate, fibrosis (fibrosis plus and percentage), and inflammation in the standard defects of parietal bone in the rabbits were examined and compared after 10 weeks. Results: A significant difference was found between the Cy and PCL groups regarding the mean area and thickness of the bone. We also found a significant difference in the bone length, area, and percentage formed between PCL and control groups. Also, the rate of fibrous tissue formation was significantly different statistically between the PCL and control groups. The results showed the influence of the PCL membrane in generating more bone and less fibrous tissue. In all 3 groups, negligible inflammation and no necrosis was observed. Conclusions: The results of the present study have shown that combining PCL, PEG, and BGs could be promising for bone regeneration in jaw defects, around dental implants, and in oral and maxillofacial defects. © 2019 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers (15308030)34(4-5)pp. 331-345
Myocardial infarction is one of the most prevalent diseases around the world. Cardiac tissue engineering is a new approach to repair and revive the structure and functionality of cardiac damaged tissue. In this study, gellan gum/reduced graphene oxide composite hydrogels were fabricated, characterized, and evaluated. The hydrogels were prepared using the solvent casting method and characterized via scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Compressive mechanical analysis, injectability as well as electrical conductivity test were run. Furthermore, water swelling and degradation analyses were conducted. MTT assay was performed using rat myoblasts (H9C2) to determine the cytotoxicity of our samples. Results showed that reduced graphene oxide fillers dispersed acceptably and enhanced the compressive modulus and electrical conductivity of gellan gum hydrogels. However, in this regard, compressive strength and ductility were not significantly boosted with reduced graphene oxide addition. The water-swelling ratio (%) rised in the presence of reduced graphene oxide, whereas the degradation rate was not significantly affected by them. Meanwhile, synthesized hydrogels showed suitable injectability. MTT assay results revealed that gellan gum hydrogels containing 1% and 2% reduced graphene oxide were not cytotoxic. According to the findings, gellan gum/2% reduced graphene oxide composite hydrogel can be a promising candidate for repairing and healing infarcted myocardial tissue. © The Author(s) 2019.
Mehdikhani, M.,
Mehdikhani, M.,
Tavakoli, E.,
Zargar kharazi, A.,
Hashemibeni, B. Scientia Iranica (23453605)25(3)pp. 1815-1823
In this study, hybrid Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/Hyaluronic Acid (Ha)/Fibrin/45S Bioactive Glass (45SBG) nanocomposite scaffolds seeded with human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stein Cells (hADMSCs) were investigated as a construct for osteoarthritis (OA), Articular Cartilage (AC), and subchondral bone defects therapies. The bioactivity and biodegradation of the nanocomposite scaffolds were assessed in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) and Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) solution, respectively. Furthermore, MITT analysis was performed in order to determine attachment and viability of hADMSCs. Ultimately, results indicate the increase of bioactivity in nanocomposite scaffolds, as compared to the pure PLGA scaffold. In addition, biodegradation assay exhibits that the addition of Ha, fibrin, and 45SBG nanoparticles could modify the degradation rate of PLGA. The nanocomposite scaffolds did not exhibit any cytotoxicity, and the hADMSCs were attached to the scaffolds , which proliferate properly. According to our investigation, it was concluded that using natural and synthetic polymers along with BG nanoparticles may provide a suitable construct and could show a beneficial role in AC tissue engineering and OA therapy. (C) 2018 Sharif University of Technology. All rights reserved.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing (9478396)(1)
In this research, poly-ϵ -caprolactone (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and nanocomposite scaffolds containing 0.5 and 1% (w/w) MWCNTs coated with fibrin glue (FG) were prepared via solvent casting and freeze-drying technique for cardiac tissue engineering. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the samples. Furthermore, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, degradation, contact angle, and cytotoxicity of the samples were evaluated. Results showed the uniform distribution of the MWCNTs with some aggregates in the prepared nanocomposite scaffolds. The scaffolds containing 1% (w/w) MWCNTs with and without FG coating illustrated optimum modulus of elasticity, high electrical conductivity, and wettability compared with PCL/PEG and PCL/PEG/0.5%(w/w) MWCNTs’ scaffolds. FG coating enhanced electrical conductivity and cell response, and increased wettability of the constructs. The prepared scaffolds were degraded significantly after 60 days of immersion in PBS. Meanwhile, the nanocomposite containing 1% (w/w) MWCNTs with FG coating (S3) showed proper spreading and viability of the myoblasts seeded on it after 1, 4, and 7 days of culture. The scaffold containing 1% (w/w) MWCNTs with FG coating demonstrated optimal properties including acceptable mechanical properties, proper wettability, high electrical conductivity, satisfactory degradation, and excellent myoblasts response to it. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Materials Science and Engineering C (09284931)90pp. 236-247
In the present study, nanocomposite membranes are investigated using poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and bioactive glass nanopowders (BGs) synthesized via solvent casting method with different reinforcement rates of BGs consisting of 3, 5 and 7 wt% for regenerating the periodontal tissue in vitro. These prepared membranes were evaluated by a vast range of essential tests; including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmition-electron microscopy (TEM), tensile testing before and after soaking in PBS solution, degradation and contact angle assessments as well as cell culture assays. In spite of the fact that the percentage of Cu incorporated into BGs was trivial, this negligible amount exerted major cytotoxic impact upon cells during in vitro cell tests. According to the results, the blended-membrane contained 7 wt% copper-free BGs indicated optimum characteristics including satisfactory mechanical and biodegradation features, more wettable surface, higher proliferation rates of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), superior ALP activity and brilliant bone mineralization capacity which was confirmed by Alizarin red assay. As a consequence, it can be used as a desirable candidate for guided tissue/bone regeneration (GTR/GBR) to accelerate bone tissue healing. © 2018
Scientia Iranica (10263098)(3)pp. 1706-1716
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of copper-doped (Cu45SBG) and copper-free bioactive glass (45SBG) nanopowders. The antibacterial effect was studied using Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. The BG nanopowders were synthesized by the sol-gel technique. They were characterized by various techniques and their cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Chemical compositions of BGs were as the same as the predicted compositions. The size of the BGs with an amorphous structure was measured to be around 100 nm. Both BG nanopowders have no antibacterial effect on broth concentrations less than 12.5 mg/ml. They demonstrated similar antibacterial activity on E. coli with Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 12.5 mg/ml. Cu45SBG nanopowders with the MBC of 25 mg/ml were more efficient on S. aureous bacteria than 45SBG nanopowders with the MBC of 50 mg/ml. Compared to 45SBG, Cu45SBG showed much more cytotoxicity. 45SBG demonstrated similar cells viability to the control. It was concluded that to overcome cytotoxic effect, Cu content of BGs nanopowders must be lower than the amount used in this research. Therefore, 45SBG nanopowders with considerable antibacterial activity could be used as a good candidate for biomedical applications. © 2017 Sharif University of Technology. All rights reserved.
Acta Physica Polonica A (5874246)(3)pp. 428-431
Cardiac tissue engineering aims to create functional tissue constructs that can reestablish the structure and function of injured myocardium. In this study, nanocomposite scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, containing different amounts of carbon nanotubes, were prepared via solvent casting and vacuum drying technique, for myocardial tissue engineering. Characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used. Furthermore, mechanical properties of the prepared polycaprolactone and nanocomposite scaffolds were determined. The results have revealed that the scaffolds contain sufficient porosity with highly interconnected pore morphology. Addition of carbon nanotubes to the polycaprolactone matrix has improved conductivity of the prepared scaffold. The desired distribution of carbon nanotubes with a few agglomerates was observed in the nanocomposite scaffolds by scanning electron microscopy. Polycaprolactone/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite scaffold containing 1 wt% of carbon nanotubes has shown the best mechanical behavior and electrical conductivity. In conclusion, the electrically conductive and nanofibrous polycaprolactone/1 wt% multi-wall carbon nanotubes scaffold could be used as an appropriate construct for myocardium regeneration and it deserves further investigations. © 2017, Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing (9478396)(12)
The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of bioactive glass (BG) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nanopowders mixtures for the first time. 37S BG and BCP (50% HA-50% β-TCP) nanopowders were prepared via sol–gel technique. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transition electron microscopy, and X-ray fluorescent. The antibacterial activity was studied using Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi as gram-negative, and Staphylococcus aureus as gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial effect of BG, BCP nanopowders, and their mixtures was evaluated at different concentrations. The 37S BG nanopowders showed minimum bactericidal concentration at 25 mg/ml. At broth concentrations below 300 mg/ml, BCP showed no antibacterial activity. BCP and BG nanopowders mixture (M2) with 60/40 ratio of BCP/BG showed noticeable antibacterial effect. It was concluded that BCP and 37S BG nanopowders mixture could be used as a good candidate for dental and orthopedic applications. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Mehdikhani, M.,
Fathi, M.,
Mortazavi V.,
Mousavi s.b., ,
Akhavan a., A.,
Haghighat, A.,
Hashemibeni, B.,
Razavi, S.M.,
Mashhadiabbas F. Dental Research Journal (17353327)(1)pp. 89-99
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of bioactive and biodegradable poly (lactide-co-glycolide)/bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (PBGHA) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide)/bioactive glass (PBG) nanocomposite coatings with bone. Materials and Methods: Sol-gel derived 58S bioactive glass nanoparticles, 50/50 wt% poly (lactic acid)/poly (glycolic acid) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were used to prepare the coatings. The nanocomposite coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Mechanical stability of the prepared nanocomposite coatings was studied during intramedullary implantation of coated Kirschner wires (K-wires) into rabbit tibia. Titanium mini-screws coated with nanocomposite coatings and without coating were implanted intramedullary in rabbit tibia. Bone tissue interaction with the prepared nanocomposite coatings was evaluated 30 and 60 days after surgery. The non-parametric paired Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the samples. For all tests, the level of significance was P < 0.05. Results: The results showed that nanocomposite coatings remained stable on the K-wires with a minimum of 96% of the original coating mass. Tissue around the coated implants showed no adverse reactions to the coatings. Woven and trabecular bone formation were observed around the coated samples with a minimum inflammatory reaction. PBG nanocomposite coating induced more rapid bone healing than PBGHA nanocomposite coating and titanium without coating (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that PBG nanocomposite coating provides an ideal surface for bone formation and it could be used as a candidate for coating dental and orthopedic implants.
Micro and Nano Letters (17500443)(6)pp. 403-406
Hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) represent the main types of calcium phosphates used for the reconstruction of bone defects in maxillofacial, dental, orthopaedic and drug delivery applications. The bioactivity and bioresorbability of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics can be controlled by varying the HA/β-TCP ratio. In this reported work, BCP nanopowders were prepared by a simple sol-gel method, in which Ca(NO 3)2 · 4H2O and P2O 5 were used as precursors for calcium and phosphate, respectively. The different phase ratios of HA/β-TCP were obtained by changing the sintering temperature. X-ray diffraction, inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transformer infrared spectrophotometer results have shown that increasing the sintering temperature could cause more decomposition of HA into β-TCP. Moreover, the size of the prepared nanoparticles was measured between 10 and 500 nm. Finally, the antibacterial activity was studied using Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as the Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial effect of the BCP sample with 50% HA-50%β-TCP phase ratio was tested at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 mg/ml. The results showed bacterial growth reduction at a concentration of 300 mg/ml, which makes it a good candidate for the treatment of bone defects. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2014.
