Publication Date: 2024
IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution (17518687)18(17)pp. 2776-2792
By increasing the number of electric vehicles (EVs) to achieve a less carbon environment, not only they consume power from the grid to be charged, but also do they deliver power to the grid, and this can play a significant role in load frequency control. However, EVs take part in frequency regulation based on their state of charge (SoC) which will cause uncertainties. In order to manage these uncertainties, EV aggregator (EVA) concept has been introduced. The EV owner participates in the demand response program provided by the EVA arbitrarily considering her/his requirements. Accordingly, EVA calculates the up and down power reserve for the power system operator. Following any frequency deviation, EVA sends the proper commands to each EV to consume or to inject power to the system. There are also communication delays between different parts, uncertainties, and non-linearities that existed in the power system. To overcome these issues, this study proposes a new robust load frequency controller based on feedback theory and artificial neural network which is designed through the non-linear multi-machine power system. Simulation results on IEEE 39-bus power system show that the proposed controller regulates frequency more desirably in comparison with other methods. © 2024 The Author(s). IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.
