Barbaz isfahani, R.,
Shahbaz, A.,
Jamali, M.,
Khademi, A.,
Iranmanesh, F.,
Iranmanesh, P.,
Khandan, A.,
Sheikhbahaei, E. Publication Date: 2025
Nanomedicine Research Journal (24767123)10(1)pp. 95-113
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is an emerging technology with significant applications across various industries, including biomedical engineering. This study shows the diverse methods of 3D bioprinting and their capabilities. The fundamental components of 3D printing, including printers, inks, and software, are discussed, highlighting the importance of geometric infill. The study then delves into the three main bioprinting technologies: laser-based, extrusion, and inkjet printing, each with its unique strengths and weaknesses. The article emphasizes the crucial role of biological inks, or bioinks, in achieving the desired mechanical, chemical, and morphological properties of printed tissues and organs. Hydrogels, in particular, are highlighted as promising bioinks due to their biocompatibility, swelling properties, and ability to be modified for specific applications. The study examines both physical and chemical gelation mechanisms, discussing the advantages and limitations of each approach. The significance of crosslinking, whether achieved via photo crosslinking or chemical crosslinkers, is highlighted due to its vital role in preserving the structural integrity and mechanical properties of printed constructs. Furthermore, hybrid hydrogel development, comprising synthetic and natural polymers, is investigated as a strategy to synergistically combine the advantageous properties of both material classes. This study concludes by showing the significant progress made in the field of 3D bioprinting, while acknowledging the ongoing challenges in fully replicating the complexity of natural tissues and organs. The study shows the need for continued research and development to advance this technology and its applications in the biomedical field. © 2025 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
