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Journal of Applied Psychological Research (22518126) 13(3)pp. 395-412
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of commitment and acceptance therapy (experience-based therapy package) with cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing anxiety and depression and increasing quality of life in female patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of data collection, and was conducted in the form of a pre-test-post-test and a two-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population includes all patients with irritable bowel syndrome who presented to the clinics of gastroenterologists in Isfahan in 2018-19. The statistical sample consisted of 39 female patients with IBS who were randomly selected and then randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life (QOL-IBS) were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-21 software and analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that both treatments had a significant effect on reducing anxiety, depression, and improving patients’ quality of life, and that this effect was stable until follow-up. Further (p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups, so the use of either of these treatments is recommended as adjunctive therapy depending on the patient's condition and acceptability.
Current Psychology (19364733) 43(39)pp. 30989-30998
Therapists are crucial in addressing the multifaceted challenges of fostering psychological well-being. The demanding nature of their profession emphasizes the need for ongoing professional development and support. Within the field of mental health interventions, there is increasing interest in investigating transformative approaches to chronic mood disorders. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and treatment based on allegorical schema modes in mitigating chronic mood disorders and difficulties in emotion regulation among therapists. Using a quasi-experimental design, psychotherapists from Tehran’s 3rd district participated in pre-test and post-test assessments between December 2021 and December 2022. Fifteen therapists were included in each group through convenience sampling. Experimental Group 1 received 10 to 12 weekly face-to-face sessions based on allegorical schema modes, while Experimental Group 2 underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions. Data collection included the Bromez Mood Questionnaire and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Analysis employed ANCOVA to compare outcomes between groups. The analysis revealed significant differences between research groups in chronic mood disorders and difficulty in emotion regulation, with F-values of 9.227 (p < 0.001) and 12.607 (p < 0.001), respectively. Post hoc tests showed significant differences in chronic mood disorders between the cognitive-behavioral group and both the allegorical schema modes group (MD = 4.583, p = 0.012) and the control group (MD = 7.333, p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the allegorical schema modes group and the control group. Integrating cognitive-behavioral therapy and allegorical schema modes into therapists’ ongoing support systems can aid in fostering adaptive coping strategies and promoting overall psychological health in the face of the demanding challenges inherent in the therapeutic profession. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Firoozikhojastehfar, R. ,
Asgari mobarakeh, K. ,
Kalantari, M. ,
Raisi, F. ,
Shahvari, Z. ,
Dadras, I. ,
Jabalkandi, S.A. Sexual Health and Compulsivity (26929996) 28(3-4)pp. 189-199
This study was aimed to examine the efficacy of Cognitive– Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on depression and compulsive sexual behaviors in patients suffering from Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD). This was a randomized controlled trial in which 20 participants with sex addiction were assigned either to CBT treatment (n = 10) or a control group (n = 10). The study comprised of three phases including baseline, intervention, and 1 month follow up. Hypersexual behavior inventory (HBI.) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) were administered on both groups to gather the data. Participants who received CBT showed a significant decline in hypersexual behaviors and depressive symptoms following the intervention and the effect was maintained in the follow up phase compared to control group. CBT can be suggested as an effective intervention in controlling hypersexual behaviors and depression in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Early Child Development and Care (14768275) 191(3)pp. 389-402
This study investigates the model that personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion) and emotional abuse (peers and parents) predict the worsening of early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety symptoms in seven years old children. A total number of 210 first grade students were administered the following questionnaires: (1) Parental and Peer Emotional Abuse Questionnaire (2) NEO Personality Questionnaire (short form), (3) Young Early Maladaptive Schemas (short form), and (4) Lagerca Social Anxiety Questionnaire. The findings of path analysis indicated that emotional abuse predicted the early maladaptive schemas, which in turn predicted social anxiety symptoms in children. Emotional abuse and personality characteristics did not have any effects on social anxiety. Neuroticism had a direct effect on early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety. There was precisely no significant correlation between personality trait dimensions (neuroticism, extroversion), and emotional abuse on early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Firoozikhojastehfar, R. ,
Asgari mobarakeh, K. ,
Kalantari, M. ,
Raisi, F. ,
Shahvari, Z. ,
Kharadmand, A.B. Sexual Health and Compulsivity (26929996) 28(3-4)pp. 152-170
Objective: Sex addiction as a sexual concept is affected by social-cultural factors and needs to be studied in the context of each society. The purpose of this study was to examine what self-identified sex addicts think and feel about the causes of their addiction in their own words. Method: Thirteen self-identified sex addicts participated in a semi-structured interview. They were asked to explain their feelings and motivations in regard to their problematic sexual behaviors. The data was analyzed though conventional qualitative content analysis. Results: Analysis of the interviews revealed 222 codes which were summarized in 3 themes and 11 subthemes. Three themes were as follow: " personal related issues", "messy family" and "inattentiveness of the society about sex education". Conclusion: when a society system neglects sexual issues and does not provide facilities and conditions for education and protection of people, parents and family play a pivotal role not only in providing a supportive and nurturing atmosphere but also in educating and monitoring of children and adolescents. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Journal of Applied Psychological Research (22518126) 12(3)pp. 85-103
Sexual addiction is a growing disorder associated with many personal and social consequences. This basic study aims to explore and discover the factors affecting the development of sexual addiction with a qualitative look at the experiences, thoughts, and feelings of patients with sexual addiction. Using a qualitative method, 13 patients with sex addiction (10 males and 3 females) aged 21-50 years were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed in 2019 Tehran using a semi-structured interview. Then, the data were analyzed using the seven-step Colaizzi method. The results were classified into three main categories, including personal problems, family inefficiency, and society's inattention to sex education, and further divided into 11 subcategories. Our findings provide physicians and other mental health providers with invaluable insights into sex addiction. Given the lack of community planning and policy regarding sex education for teachers, parents, and adolescents, we emphasize the responsibility of parents in teaching healthy sexual behavior to their children and adolescents. © 2021, University of Tehran. All rights reserved.
Journal of Health System Research (27834093) 15(4)pp. 296-303
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive disease coinciding with the ages of social activities. Therefore, this disease is associated with significant effects on the quality of life and psychological status of these patients. It is well-accepted that the psychological status of patients is an effective factor in the process of treatment and living in chronic conditions. With this background in mind, the present study was conducted to identify the psychological status of these patients from their own perspective and specialists' viewpoints. Methods: The current qualitative study was conducted with a thematic analysis approach. The participants of the current study included 24 MS patients with maximum diversity in gender, age, illness duration and severity, and 8 experts in neurology, psychiatry, clinical psychology, and nursing from Guilan province. Participants were selected by a purposive sampling method and the data were gathered through unstructured interviews which continued up to data saturation. Data analysis was performed using a thematic analysis approach by the Attride-Stirling method. Findings: From the total information, three global themes, including individual problems, interactive problems, and disease-related problems were identified. Individual problems included: personality disorders, depression, sleep, cognitive, anxiety, physical, self-regulation, self-destructive behaviors, psychosis, as well as substance and alcohol abuse. Interactive problems incorporated: interpersonal sensitivity, aggression, sexual, social, and dependence. In addition, disease-related problems involved reaction to disease. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, patients with MS are involved in several psychological problems in individual, interactive and disease-related domains. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop and present psychological programs and interventions based on these problems in order to improve their mental status, quality of life, and adaptability. © 2020 Journal of Health System Research.
International Journal of MS Care (15372073) 22(1)pp. 37-42
Background: Self-management is the most important component in the treatment of chronic diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The Bishop and Frain Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale- Revised (MSSM-R) is one of the valid tools available for self-management assessment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the MSSM-R in Iranian people with MS. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in the 1600 people with MS in Guilan Province, Iran. In this study, 250 people were selected by convenience sampling. The reliability of the Persian version of this scale was examined by internal consistency and test-retest methods, and validity evidence was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The MSSM-R had acceptable face and content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that 24 items on this scale have factor loadings in five subscales. Other results showed the internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach á and test-retest reliability, for the MSSM-R overall (α = 0.85, r = 0.77) and for the following subscales: Healthcare Provider Relationship and Communication (α = 0.83, r = 0.70), Treatment Adherence/Barriers (α = 0.70, r = 0.71), Social/Family Support (α = 0.79, r = 0.85), MS Knowledge and Information (α = 0.89, r = 0.72), and Health Maintenance Behavior (α = 0.77, r = 0.75). Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the validity and reliability of the MSSM-R. To further ensure its psychometric properties, additional studies with this scale are suggested. © 2020 Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers.
HAYAT (2008188X) 25(2)pp. 138-150
Background & Aim: Health promoting behaviors have been recognized as an important strategy for maintaining and improving the independence, health and quality of life of people with chronic diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare the health promoting behaviors of patients with MS with those of healthy people. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted on MS patients and healthy people in Guilan province in 2018. For this purpose, 120 MS patients (from the MS association of Guilan province and other health centers) and 120 healthy people were selected by the convenience sampling method. The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II) was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 22. Results: The results showed that health promoting behaviors of MS patients were significantly lower than those of healthy people (t=-3.127, df=238, P<0.001). The results of the components analysis indicated that the mean ranks of self-actualization (U=4948.500, Z=-4.191, P<0.001), interpersonal relationships (U=12874.000, Z=-2.957, P<0.003), stress management (U=5787.000, Z=-2.644, P<0.008) and physical activity (U=5506.500, Z=-3.156, P<0.002) in MS patients were significantly lower than those in healthy people. However, there was no significant difference between MS patients and healthy people in the components of health responsibility and nutrition. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that chronic conditions are associated with a decrease in health promoting behaviors in MS patients, and the patients should be educated in this area using appropriate nursing and psychological interventions. © 2019, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). All rights reserved.
Nikrahan, G.R. ,
Laferton, J.A. ,
Asgari mobarakeh, K. ,
Kalantari, M. ,
Abedi, M.R. ,
Etesampour, A. ,
Rezaei, A. ,
Suarez, L. ,
Huffman, J.C. Psychosomatics (15457206) 57(4)pp. 359-368
Background: Among cardiac patients, positive psychologic factors are consistently linked with superior clinical outcomes and improvement in key markers of inflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning. Further, positive psychology interventions (PPI) have effectively increased psychologic well-being in a wide variety of populations. However, there has been minimal study of PPIs in cardiac patients, and no prior study has evaluated their effect on key prognostic biomarkers of cardiac outcome. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of 3 distinct PPIs on risk biomarkers in cardiac patients. Methods: In an exploratory trial, 69 patients with recent coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous intervention were randomized to (1) one of three 6-week in-person PPIs (based on the work of Seligman, Lyubomirsky, or Fordyce) or (2) a wait-list control group. Risk biomarkers were assessed at baseline, postintervention (7 weeks), and at 15-week follow-up. Between-group differences in change from baseline biomarker levels were examined via random effects models. Results: Compared with the control group, participants randomized to the Seligman (B = -2.06; p = 0.02) and Fordyce PPI (B = -1.54; p = 0.04) had significantly lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels at 7 weeks. Further, the Lyubomirsky PPI (B = -245.86; p = 0.04) was associated with a significantly lower cortisol awakening response at 7 weeks when compared with control participants. There were no other significant between-group differences. Conclusion: Despite being an exploratory pilot study with multiple between-group comparisons, this initial trial offers the first suggestion that PPIs might be effective in reducing risk biomarkers in high-risk cardiac patients. © 2016 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine.
Nikrahan, G.R. ,
Suarez, L. ,
Asgari mobarakeh, K. ,
Beach, S.R. ,
Celano, C.M. ,
Kalantari, M. ,
Abedi, M.R. ,
Etesampour, A. ,
Abbas, R. ,
Huffman, J.C. Psychosomatics (15457206) 57(4)pp. 348-358
Background: Positive psychologic characteristics have been linked to superior cardiac outcomes. Objective: Accordingly, in this exploratory study, we assessed positive psychology interventions in patients who had recently undergone a procedure to treat cardiovascular disease. Method: Participants were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 different 6-week face-to-face interventions or a wait-list control condition. We assessed intervention feasibility and compared changes in psychologic outcome measures postintervention (7 wk) and at follow-up (15 wk) between intervention and control participants. Across the interventions, 74% of assigned sessions were completed. Results: When comparing outcomes between interventions and control participants (N = 55 total), there were no between-group differences post-intervention, but at follow-up intervention participants had greater improvements in happiness (β = 14.43, 95% CI: 8.66-20.2, p < 0.001), depression (β = -3.87, 95% CI: -7.72 to 0.02, p = 0.049), and hope (β = 7.12, 95% CI: 1.25-13.00, p =0.017), with moderate-large effect sizes. Efficacy of the 3 interventions was similar. Conclusions: Future studies are needed to identify an optimal positive psychology intervention for cardiac patients. © 2016 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine.
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (17359260) 26(139)pp. 258-272
Premature ejaculation is likely the most common sexual dysfunction in men with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 30%. Epidemiological studies, accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment and evaluation of clinical trials need a universally acknowledged definition that is also capable of operationalization. Studies have defined premature ejaculation differently. The most widely used definition is the DSM-IV-TR definition. However, the majority of these definitions are authority-based rather than evidence-based, and has no support from clinical and/or epidemiological studies. In this article, 41 articles were examined, various definitions of premature ejaculation were reviewed, definition criteria of it were discussed and classification of this dysfunction was mentioned. The results showed that multidimensional classifications and definitions using various diagnostic criteria, especially objective criteria like IELT are the most appropriate ones. © 2016, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Farhadi, M. ,
Reisi-dehkordi, N. ,
Kalantari, M. ,
Zargham-boroujeni, A. Iranian Journal Of Nursing And Midwifery Research (17359066) 19(3)pp. 290-294
Background: Quality of life (QOL) is a multidimensional concept which has nowadays turned to a supportive interventional goal in chronic diseases like cancer. Numerous interventions have been carried out to improve the QOL in patients with cancer, but the effect of indirect interventions on the patientsâ QOL has not been investigated yet. This study aimed to compare the effi cacy of group meaning centered hope therapy of cancer patients and their families on the patientsâ QOL. Materials and Methods: This is a clinical trial conducted in three groups with a pre-test post-test design in which the effect of independent variable of meaning centered hope therapy on the dependent variable of QOL was investigated. The subjects were selected from the cancer patients who were aware of their diagnosis, were in primary stages of the disease, and had passed one period of chemotherapy. In this study, 42 patients (16 in control group, 14 in patientsâ group therapy, and 12 in patientsâ familiesâ group therapy) were studied, and WHOQOL was adopted to investigate their QOL. Data were analyzed in two forms of descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: The results obtained showed that group meaning centered hope therapy of cancer patients and their families had a positive effect on patientsâ QOL compared to the control group. The notable fi nding of the present study was that holding group sessions either for the patients or for their families equally improved patientsâ QOL. Conclusion: QOL of the cancer patients can be improved by either group meaning centered hope therapy for patients or group meaning centered hope therapy for their families. This fi nding is important for therapists, as when the patients cannot attend group therapy sessions due to complications of chemotherapy, these sessions can be held for their families to improve patientsâ QOL. This conclusion is very helpful in nursesâ interaction with the patients and their families. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Iranian Journal Of Psychiatry And Behavioral Sciences (17358639) 8(2)pp. 63-67
Objective: The aim was to investigate the efficacy of life skills training on subjective well-being (SWB) among high school females. Methods: The population study comprised all female high school of Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2008-2009. Thirty students with the lowest scores according to the Molavi’s SWB questionnaire were considered eligible. At the next stage, the required sample of 30 students were selected randomly and divided into two groups of experimental (15 subjects) and control (15 subjects). Then, life skills training sessions were started for the experimental group (eight sessions in a 4-week period). Control group did not receive any intervention. The method of data processing at a descriptive level was through using central tendency indicators, dispersion, frequency, and percentage. Student’s t-test was used for analysis of independent variables. Results: The greatest R2 (0.48) was observed for SWB. The R2 coefficients for neurosis, stress-depression, vitality, and life determination were 0.27, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.09, respectively. Conclusion: Life skills training showed the greatest effect regarding SWB of the students. © 2014, Brieflands. All rights reserved.
Torkan, H. ,
Blackwell, S.E. ,
Holmes, E.A. ,
Kalantari, M. ,
Neshat doost, H.T. ,
Maroufi, M. ,
Talebi, H. Cognitive Therapy and Research (01475916) 38(2)pp. 132-145
Cognitive bias modification paradigms training positive mental imagery and interpretation (imagery CBM-I) hold promise for treatment innovation in depression. However, depression is a global health problem and interventions need to translate across settings and cultures. The current pilot study investigated the impact of 1 week of daily imagery CBM-I in treatment-seeking individuals with major depression in outpatient psychiatry clinics in Iran. Further, it tested the importance of instructions to imagine the positive training materials. Finally, we examined the effects of this training on imagery vividness. Thirty-nine participants were randomly allocated to imagery CBM-I, a non-imagery control program, or a no treatment control group. Imagery CBM-I led to greater improvements in depressive symptoms, interpretive bias, and imagery vividness than either control condition at post-treatment (n = 13 per group), and improvements were maintained at 2-week follow-up (n = 8 per group). This pilot study provides first preliminary evidence that imagery CBM-I could provide positive clinical outcomes in an Iranian psychiatric setting, and further that the imagery component of the training may play a crucial role. © 2014 The Author(s).
Neshat doost, H.T. ,
Yule, W. ,
Kalantari, M. ,
Rezvani, S.R. ,
Dyregrov, A. ,
Jobson, L. Memory (14640686) 22(6)pp. 700-709
This study investigated the effect of bereavement (father death due to war in Afghanistan) on autobiographical memory specificity in Afghan adolescents living in Iran. Participants consisted of bereaved (n=70) and non-bereaved (n=33) Afghan adolescents. The measures included Farsi versions of the Autobiographical Memory Test, Mood and Feeling Questionnaire, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and Impact of Event Scale. Results indicated that the bereaved group retrieved a significantly lower proportion of specific memories and a significantly greater proportion of extended and categoric memories than the non-bereaved group. Additionally, depression symptoms and reduced autobiographical memory specificity were significantly correlated. These findings suggest that bereaved adolescents have impaired autobiographical memory specificity. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.
Advances in Environmental Biology (19950756) 8(13)pp. 716-721
Recent estimates have shown that approximately one million children annually experience the divorce of their parents and many of the studies on divorce likewise signify that children of divorced parents are at a greater risk of psychological, behavioral, and educational problems.Objectives: Therefore, The present investigation was carried out to study the effectiveness of optimismgroup intervention on psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress) of adolescent girls of divorced families in line withthe concept of attribution style. Method: The participants were 30 middle school students of Isfahan city. In order to select the sample, cluster random sampling was usedinitially and one district (cluster) was selected among 5 educational districts of Isfahanand one school was chosen out of this district. Subsequently, available sampling method was utilized for selectingtheparticipants. 15 participants were placed in experimental group which were alike the control groupin respect of gender, age, and school and they filled out the scale of depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-42) prior to and following the intervention. Data were analyzed by making use of Covariance analysis (MANCOVA) of SPSS 16. Results:The results of Covariance analysis demonstrated that totally teaching optimism has a meaningful effect on the degree of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms of adolescent girls in post-test and follow up stage (P<0.05). Conclusion: Teaching optimism incurs the decrease of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms of adolescent girls. © 2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved.
Neshat doost, H.T. ,
Dalgleish, T. ,
Yule, W. ,
Kalantari, M. ,
Ahmadi, S.J. ,
Dyregrov, A. ,
Jobson, L. Clinical Psychological Science (21677034) 1(1)pp. 84-92
The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of memory specificity training (MEST) on autobiographical memory recall and depression. Afghan adolescents with depression were randomly assigned to a MEST group or to a control group. At baseline, both groups completed Persian versions of the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) and the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). The MEST group then had five weekly group sessions of MEST. The control group had no additional contact. The AMT and MFQ were then readministered to all participants, and the MFQ was readministered at 2-month follow-up. The MEST group retrieved a higher proportion of specific memories following training and had lower levels of depression at 2-month follow-up than did the control group. Change in memory specificity predicted follow-up depression over and above baseline depression and mediated the relationship between receipt of MEST and reduction in later depression. The results suggest that MEST can improve autobiographical memory performance and drive subsequent reduction in depression symptoms. © The Author(s) 2013.
Omega: Journal of Death and Dying (15413764) 65(2)pp. 139-150
Effective evidence-based intervention for traumatic bereavement is one of the current major research issues in the field of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents. The "Writing for Recovery" group intervention is a new treatment approach developed by the Children and War Foundation for traumatized and bereaved children and adolescents after disasters. The purpose of this project was an empirical examination of this intervention with 12- to 18-year-old war bereaved Afghani refugees. Eighty-eight war bereaved Afghani refugees were screened using the Traumatic Grief Inventory for Children (TGIC). From those with the highest total score, 61 were randomly assigned to either an experimental (n = 29) or control group (n = 32). The experimental group received six sessions of group training on 3 consecutive days in their school. The difference of TGIC scores between the experimental group in pretest and posttest was significant (p = 0.001). Results of analysis of covariance also showed a significant effect of Writing for Recovery on the experimental group (p < 0.001). It is concluded that "Writing for Recovery" is an effective group intervention for bereaved children and adolescents after disasters. © 2012, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry (18737943) 43(2)pp. 724-729
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of metacognitive therapy (MCT) on symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and on symptoms of thought-fusion, by means of a wait-list controlled clinical trial. Participants were referred from dermatology and cosmetic surgery clinics in the city of Isfahan, Iran, and 20 patients were selected on the basis of DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for BDD. They were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the wait-list control group. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) and the Thought-Fusion Inventory (TFI) were used as the outcome measures. The experimental group received 8 weekly metacognitive intervention sessions. The control group was in the waiting-list until the end of the follow-up. Measures were taken at pre-test, post-test (after 2 months) and follow-up (after 6-months). The results of analysis of variance showed that MCT significantly reduced the symptoms of BDD and of thought-fusion, compared to the wait-list. Effects on both outcome measures were maintained at 6-months follow-up. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136) 17(10)pp. 898-904
Aim: Psychological factors such as personality traits may affect the adjustment capacity and Quality of Life (QOL) in Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients. Type D personality has some similarities with general personality traits of UC patients. The aims of this study were to compare NEO personality profile and type D personality between healthy normal group and UC patients; and to determine the possible relationship between type D personality and QOL in UC patients. Materials and Methods: The sample of study comprised of 58 UC patients and 59 healthy control subjects (from their family members). All participants were requested to fill out NEO-FFI, Type D personality (Ds14) Scale and WHO-Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results: The findings indicated that UC patients scored higher in neuroticism (P<0/01); lower in extraversion (P<0/01) and openness (P<0/05) than healthy controls but their differentiation were not significant in agreeableness and conscientiousness. The findings showed that 59% of UC patients and 33% of the control subjects had type D personality; and the differences in frequency of type D between the two groups were significant (P<0/05). The mean QOL scores of type D personality in UC patients was significantly lower than patients without type D personality (F= 7/55, P<0/01). Type D personality could better predict QOL of UC patients than NEO dimensions. Conclusions: Differences were observed between UC patients and their healthy family members, in terms of personality factors. Type D personality may be regarded as an important factor that may bring about some adverse effects in QOL among UC patients.
Gastroenterology Research And Practice (1687630X)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and disabling disease with unknown etiology. There have been some controversies regarding the role of psychological factors in the course of IBD. The purpose of this paper is to review that role. First the evidence on role of stress is reviewed focusing on perceived stress and patients' beliefs about it in triggering or exacerbating the course of IBD. The possible mechanisms by which stress could be translated into IBD symptoms, including changes in motor, sensory and secretory gastrointestinal function, increase intestinal permeability, and changes in the immune system are, then reviewed. The role of patients' concerns about psychological distress and their adjustment to disease, poor coping strategies, and some personality traits that are commonly associated with these diseases are introduced. The prevalence rate, the timing of onset, and the impact of anxiety and depression on health-related quality of life are then reviewed. Finally issues about illness behavior and the necessity of integrating psychological interventions with conventional treatment protocols are explained. Copyright © 2012 M. S. Sajadinejad et al.
Bahadori, M.H. ,
Kalantari, M. ,
Molavi, H. ,
Jahanbakhsh, M. ,
Azar, J. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (17359260) 21(84)pp. 122-129
Background and purpose: Fear of negative evaluation consists of anxiousness about other people's evaluation of oneself, worries resulting from these negative evaluations, and the expectations from others, that they would develop only negative evaluations of one. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of metacognitive therapy (MCT) on symptoms of fear of negative evaluation in social phobia disorder patients. Materials and methods: This study was carried out as a controlled clinical trial. Participants were referred from clinics in the city of Shiraz, Iran, and 19 patients were selected. They were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group. After running the pretest, which was done using the fears of negative evaluation scale (FNE) and social phobia symptoms assessment questionnaire (SPSAQ), the experimental group received 8 weekly metacognitive intervention sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Post-test and follow-up (after 3 months) were performed using the same tools. Results: The results of analysis of multivariate covariance showed that MCT had a significant effect on alleviating the symptoms of fear of negative evaluation (p<0.05). Conclusion: This intervention emphasizes on the promotion of efficient adaptive and flexible skills through metacognitive processes and their effect on a decrease in fear of negative evaluation in patients suffering social phobia disorder.
Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility (20082363) 14(1)
Introduction:Infertility is a major negative event in life which has deleterious effects on quality of life in infertile women and men. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) therapy on quality of life in infertile women referring to Infertility and Gynecology Clinics in Yazd city. Methods: This is a quasi experimental study with a randomized pre-test and post-test group design with control group and a one month follow-up phase. Statistical population was 214 women referred to Infertility and gynecology clinicsin Yazd city in summer 2009. 24 infertile women were selected using available sampling and randomly assigned to experiment and control groups (12 women in each group). The experiment group received CBSM therapy for 10 weekly sessions. Data were gathered by using World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)and demographic characteristics questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS-15 in two levels including descriptive statistic and analysis of covariance. Results: The findings showed that mean scores of life quality were increased significantly in post-test and follow-up phases in experiment group compared to control group (p=0.000). Conclusion: Results suggest that CBSM therapyis effective on improvingquality of life in infertile women. Due to reduced quality of life in infertile women and the effectiveness of mental interventions, special attention should be given to psychological treatment in this group of patients. This could cause mental health and improve quality of life in this group.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences (18770428) 30pp. 1752-1757
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of quality of life therapy on subjective well-being of male adolescents. The sample consisted of 20 male adolescents with low levels of subjective well-being, selected by random cluster sampling. Adolescents were randomly allocated to an experimental and control group. Adolescents in experimental group participated in eight QoLT group sessions. Two groups in pre, post, and follow up assessment completed subjective well-being questionnaire. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance and descriptive statistics. Results showed significant difference on subjective well-being scores between two groups (p<0.05) in post and follow up assessment. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Haghayegh, S.A. ,
Kalantari, M. ,
Molavi, H. ,
Talebi, M. ,
Alemohamad, J. Pakistan Journal Of Medical Sciences (1682024X) 27(4)pp. 749-753
Objectives: The purpose of this study, was to determine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral group therapy in health-related quality of life, in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Methodology: 32 IBS patients who received this diagnosis, according to the Rome II criteria, were selected and assigned randomly to either the experimental or the control group with 16 IBS patients in each group. The experimental group received 8 weekly CBGT sessions in the department of gastroentology in a general Hospital in the central city. The Quality of Life Inventory (QOL) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used as the pretest, post-test and follow-up. The follow-up tests were conducted two months after the last intervention session. Results: Results of Multivariate Analysis of Covariance(MANCOVA) showed that the mean scores of health-related quality of life and depression, in the experimental group, was significantly lower than the control group in post-test(P=0.004, P=0.023),but there wasn't significant difference in follow-up. Results also showed that the scores of health anxiety in experimental group was significantly lower than the control group in post-test (P=0.007) and follow-up (P=0.02). Conclusion: CBGT could be an effective and selective psychotherapy to improve HRQOL and degree depression and health anxiety of IBS patients, but in this therapy, in addition to automatic thoughts, we should also consider to core beliefs and underlying assumptions to enhancement the efficacy of intervention.
International Journal of Social Psychiatry (00207640) 56(2)pp. 158-167
Background: Although previous research has established a direct impact of natural disasters on child mental health, there is limited knowledge on the underpinning mechanisms, particularly when there has been the loss of a parent. Aims: To establish: (a) the rates of behavioural and emotional problems of school-aged children who had lost their parents in the 2003 earthquake in Iran, compared with children from intact families who attended the same schools; (b) the relationship between the psychopathology of the surviving parents’ and children's behavioural and emotional problems; and (c) whether this relationship was compounded by socioeconomic factors. Methods: Eighty six children of 7—13 years who had lost a parent in the earthquake four years earlier were compared with 80 matched children from intact families. The teacher and parent versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used as measures of behavioural and emotional problems. Parents’ psychopathology was established by the Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ). Results: Behavioural and emotional problems were significantly higher in children who had suffered parental loss than in the control group. There was a significant association between parent-rated SDQ and SRQ scores. Parental death was found to interact with socioeconomic variables in predicting children's behavioural and emotional problems and surviving parents’ mental health problems. Conclusions: After natural disasters, bereaved children and their surviving parents are at risk of developing mental health problems, and social adversities increase this risk. © 2010, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.
Journal of Child and Family Studies (15732843) 2(2)pp. 97-108
Out of 228 Iranian preschool Martyrs' children whose behaviour adjustment in the nursery settings was screened using the Preschool Behaviour Checklist, 12 well adjusted, zero scorers were compared with 8 poorly adjusted, high scorers. Using the parent's Behaviour Checklist, high scorers showed significantly more problems at home than zero scorers. On the Malaise Inventory, mothers of high scorers showed poorer mental health than mothers of zero scorers. Home observations showed that mother-child interaction was more aversive in high scorers than in zero scorers. More mothers of zero scorers had remarried. © 1993 Human Sciences Press, Inc.
Bereavement Care (02682621) 9(1)pp. 5-7
228 pre-school children whose fathers were killed during the Iran-Iraq war and who attended nurseries run by the Martyrs’ Foundation in the central city of Isfahan, were compared with 124 children from intact families on McGuire and Richman's (1986) Pre-school Behaviour Checklist. Results showed that 1) the overall rate of behaviour problems was lower in Martyrs’ children than controls; 2) among the bereaved children, this rate was significantly lower when the mothers had remarried; 3) sex differences were found in the rates of behaviour problems reported. © 1990, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
