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Journal of Applied Psychological Research (22518126) 13(4)pp. 251-267
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and emotion-focused therapy on the emotional experiences of male adolescents resulting from parental divorce. The research method was quasi-experimental and included a pre-test, a post-test, a follow-up test, and a control group. In 2020-2021, the statistical population of the present survey comprised all male adolescents aged 15 to 18 who had experienced parental divorce in Bandar Abbas. The cohort consisted of 47 male adolescents who were chosen through a process of purposive sampling. Data was collected using the Emotional Experiences of Parental Divorce Scale (EEPD). SPSS-23 was used to conduct an analysis of variance with repeated measures on the data. Emotion-focused therapy and trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy significantly decreased simple painful emotions, complex painful emotions, and emotional needs in comparison to the control group (p˂0.01) and significantly increased adolescents’ emotional development (p˂0.01). Comparison of emotion-focused therapy and trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy revealed that emotion-focused therapy was more effective in reducing simple painful emotions (p˂0.02), complex painful emotions (p˂0.04), and increasing emotional development (p˂0.02) in the post-test stage; however, no significant differences were found in the follow-up stage. In general, therapists and counselors can utilize both approaches to reduce agonizing emotions and promote the emotional development of adolescents.
Family Journal (10664807)
Remarriage can be seen as a way to reduce the trauma experienced after divorce. However, facing failure in remarriage not only intensifies the emotional and mental state of the divorced individual but also hinders post-traumatic growth. Therefore, this study aims to identify the challenges and issues of remarriage after divorce among Iranian remarried individuals. In this qualitative research, 16 remarried men and women from Ardabil, Iran participated. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data was collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's approach. Two main themes and 19 subthemes were identified from the data. The first theme, intrapersonal challenges, included 10 categories, while the second theme, interpersonal challenges, included nine categories. The findings suggest that post-traumatic growth in divorced individuals after remarriage should be explored through comprehensive interventions that address the identified themes. This research aims to contribute to the development of a specialized premarital counseling program for divorced individuals preparing to remarry. Understanding the needs and challenges of remarriage can help individuals make the necessary cognitive and emotional preparations before entering into a new marriage. © The Author(s) 2025.
Current Psychology (19364733) 44(12)pp. 12225-12244
Remarriage after divorce can be a positive strategy for adjusting to divorce. However, it can cause more emotional and psychological trauma than a previous failed marriage if it is performed without knowledge and preparation. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the challenges in the transition from divorce to remarriage. Qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted based on English and Persian keywords in the English and Persian databases from 2001 to 2023. This study was conducted from January 20 to April 30, 2023. Among 120 identified studies close to the research topic, only 14 relevant cases met the inclusion criteria for the systematic process. The inductive approach to thematic synthesis was based on Thomas and Harden’s method. After integrating the identified themes, two main themes and nine categories were identified. The “endogenous challenges,” included sub-themes such as challenges of first marriage, psycho-emotional challenges, marital challenges, economic issues, and challenges before remarriage. The “exogenous challenges” included sub-themes such as family challenges, sociocultural challenges, communication challenges, and multiple conflicts due to the presence of children. The results indicate that remarriage after divorce is a multidimensional phenomenon often influenced by multiple personal and environmental factors. Therefore, both counselors and divorced individuals should consider all personal and environmental factors during the premarital counseling process. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Family Journal (10664807)
Objective: Mentalizing, or the ability to understand and interpret the mental states of oneself and others, plays a fundamental role in the quality of couples’ relationships. This qualitative study was conducted to discover the facilitating factors of mentalizing in marital relationships. Methods: Thematic analysis was used to identify the main and meaningful patterns in the interview data with couples. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 14 couples who had been together for at least 2 years. Results: Based on the findings of this research, the factors facilitating mentalizing in couples’ relationships were discovered in three main themes: content factors (emotional literacy, cognitive insight, and knowledge of the partner), process factors (effective communication, empathetic engagement, conflict resolution, humor, curiosity, and patience), and content-process factors (contextual understanding, flexibility, and shared emotional regulation). Conclusions: These themes offer valuable insights into how partners understand and connect, providing a comprehensive framework for facilitating mentalizing in intimate relationships. © The Author(s) 2025.
Fowzi, M. ,
Arastou, K. ,
Mansoori, H. ,
Hashemi, M. ,
Mansoori, H. ,
Shahin, A. ,
Jaberi, S. ,
Jamaati, R. ,
Javadi M.H.M. ,
Jamaati, R. ,
Barzoki, A.S. ,
Hosseinibalam, F. ,
Etemadi toudeshki, O. ,
Toroghinejad M.R. ,
Vaez shahrestani, H. ,
Toroghinejad M.R. ,
Javadi M.H.M. ,
Vaez shahrestani, H. ,
Latifi, A.R. ,
Fatehizade, M. ,
Kianpour, M. ,
Kianpour, M. ,
Rabbani khorasgani, A. Water Resources and Industry (22123717) pp. 275-281
Grey water footprint (GWF) indicates the equivalent freshwater volume required for assimilating the pollution load discharged from a production. This study evaluated the GWF of stone cutting and processing (SCP) industry by analyzing multiple hazardous pollutants in wastewater directly. Here, the contaminants were bisphenol-A (BPA), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and cresols. Samples were collected separately from the effluent of three large factories at a specialized SCP industrial park, located at Isfahan province, central Iran. These factories use typical processes for cutting and polishing raw marble and travertine derived from three different mines. Results revealed that BPA was the critical pollutant for GWF assessment in all factories as its concentration reached about 2.3 mg/l due to resin application. Yet, the pollutants concentrations were not significantly different among the three effluents. The GWF ranged between 674.9 m3/ton (marble) and 597.9 m3/ton (travertine) with an average of 638.1 m3/ton. The calculated Hazard Quotient (HQ) for BPA was also 936 ± 17. Therefore, optimizing epoxy resin application and controlling its discharge can simultaneously reduce the GWF and associated environmental risks. Future research should focus on developing efficient treatment strategies to mitigate the impacts of hazardous pollutants in SCP wastewater. © 2025 The Authors.
Esfahani M.D. ,
Khanlari P. ,
Asanjarani, F. ,
Jafari, F. ,
Fatehizade, M. ,
Etemadi toudeshki, O. ,
De mol, J. ,
De mol, J. BMC Public Health (14712458) (1)pp. 141-155
Background: Burnout is an increasing public health concern. Its prevalence has extended across diverse professions globally, posing significant challenges to individuals, organizations, and society. This phenomenon has undermined employee well-being, productivity, and organizational effectiveness, making it a critical concern in contemporary work environments. The present study aimed to examine the adaptation and assess the validity of the Persian version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT). Methods: The adaptation process included the translation and back-translation of the BAT. Data were collected on a sample of 580 teachers using the convenience sampling. The BAT-Persian and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were administered to collect the data. The reliability, factorial structure of the BAT-C and BAT-S, and the convergent and discriminant validity of BAT-C and work engagement were explored. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor structure for the core dimensions (BAT-C; exhaustion, mental distance, emotional impairment, cognitive impairment), and a two-factor structure for the secondary dimensions (BAT-S; psychological distress, psychosomatic complaints). In the second-order model, the item loadings on the four factors of BAT-C ranged from 0.35 to 0.85, and on two factors of BAT-S ranged from 0.63 to 0.89. The Persian versions of the BAT-C and BAT-S showed good internal consistency (respectively, α = 0.95 and 0.90). Additional evidence supports the convergent and discriminant validity of the BAT-GR. the BAT‐C and its scales were negatively correlated with work engagement and dimensions (i.e., vigor, dedication, and absorption). Moreover, the BAT‐S and its scales negatively correlated with work engagement and dimensions. Conclusions: This study provided evidence that the Iranian version of BAT represents a reliable and valid tool for measuring burnout in the work context. A reliable and valid tool for assessing burnout in the Iranian workplace enables early detection of employee distress, allowing for timely intervention and support. This means that identifying the signs and symptoms of burnout in the early stages can prevent more severe consequences such as absenteeism, reduced productivity, or turnover. © The Author(s) 2024.
Journal of Loss and Trauma (15325024) 29(2)pp. 179-201
Parental divorce affects various behavioral, emotional, social, and academic outcomes, and children from divorced families are more likely to experience problems in their lives. This present study aimed to explore the dimensions of post-traumatic growth resulting from divorce parental among young Iranian women. A total of 20 young women living in Tehran, Iran, whose parents were divorced participated in this research. The data were collected by a semi-structured interview and analyzed by Marton’s proposed method. The findings of this phenomenography study revealed five outcome spaces of post-traumatic growth. Categories of description included post-traumatic growth in the behavioral dimension, academic-occupational dimension, spiritual dimension, ethnic relationships dimension, and meaning of life dimension. According to the findings, in Iranian society, culture, ethnicity, and religion play an important role in growth after divorce. In general, if they are mature and mentally prepared, they can cope with their parents’ divorce and grow in different domains. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Matin, H. ,
Savari, Y. ,
Etemadi toudeshki, O. ,
Fatehizade, M. ,
Ghasemzadeh, M. ,
Khoury, B. Current Psychology (19364733) 43(20)pp. 18404-18414
The purpose of this study was to investigate Iranian women’s experiences of the consequences of self-compassion as an intrapersonal source in marital relationships.The descriptive-interpretive qualitative method was adopted in this study. In the first step, we used the self-compassion scale to select a sample of 15 women (Mean Age = 47.66 years, SD = 2.46 years). In the second step, semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of this study suggested that self-compassion can bring cognitive, emotional, and behavioral resources to women in a marital relationship. Based on thematic analysis, the experiences of compassionate women in marital relationships were classified into three main themes and nine sub-themes: favorable behaviors (forgiveness, respect, and empathy), cognitive resources (optimism, cognitive emotion regulation, acceptance of own and partner imperfections), and positive feelings and emotions (happiness, safeness, satisfaction). Results imply that self-compassion may involve a set of positive intrapersonal self-resources containing a plethora of cognitive, affective, and behavioral benefits that may help achieve, maintain, and consolidate interpersonal relationships such as marital relationships. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Journal of Couple and Relationship Therapy (15332683) 22(4)pp. 281-298
This study examined the factors that influence marital communication patterns of men with avoidant attachment. A number of 420 married men with avoidant attachment were selected via availability sampling from among men who visited counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran due to marital issues during the years 2021–2022. The results indicated that sensitive caregiving style mediated the relationship between adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and mutual avoidance communication pattern, while controlling and proximate styles mediated the relationship between adaptive strategies and mutual constructive communication pattern. Controlling style mediated the relationship between maladaptive strategies and the demand/withdrawal communication pattern, and proximate, sensitive, and controlling caregiving styles mediated the links between adaptive strategies and the demand/withdrawal communication pattern. Family therapists are recommended to consider cognitive emotion regulation strategies as well as caregiving styles to treat marital issues. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Family Journal (10664807)
This study investigated the premarital experiences (dating, engagement, and wedding) in women with divorce tendency. The population of the study included all married women with divorce tendency who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran due to marital problems over the years 2020–2021. Moreover, this study was conducted with the participation of specialists and therapists familiar with marital and premarital issues and divorce. The relevant literature including texts, articles, and scientific books related to the subject was also reviewed. The data for the study were gathered via three tools of (1) 10 semistructured interviews with married women with divorce tendency, (2) interviews with eight experts, and (3) study of scientific texts. Ten female participants were selected using purposive sampling from those who expressed a tendency to divorce in the diagnostic interview. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The results consisted of 12 subcategories over the three stages of dating, engagement, and wedding. These were then classified according to their similarities and differences by comparing their content under two main categories of cognitive-dispositional experiences and behavioral experiences. The results showed that identifying premarital experiences of women with divorce tendency and providing appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies could be a great help in stabilizing the couple's relationship, increasing marital satisfaction, preventing divorce, and promoting community health. © The Author(s) 2023.
Current Psychology (19364733) 42(25)pp. 21820-21832
The goal of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire for assessing marital interpersonal pathologies in men with avoidant attachment symptoms (MIPA). The present study used an exploratory mixed-methods design involving qualitative and quantitative stages or two implementation steps. In the quantitative stage of the study, the population consisted of all married men with avoidant attachment symptoms who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran experiencing marital problems in 2021. The subjects in the quantitative research sample, consisting of 525 married men with avoidant attachment symptoms, were selected through convenience sampling. Factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The results indicated three factors (emotional pathologies, communication pathologies, and functional pathologies) with eleven dimensions that could be considered in a marital interpersonal pathology questionnaire for men with avoidant attachment. According to the results, this questionnaire has high validity and reliability and can be used to identify marital interpersonal pathologies in men with avoidant attachment symptoms. Implications for future research and applications in couple and family therapy are also discussed. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Qualitative Research Journal (14480980) 22(4)pp. 464-477
Purpose: Divorce has negative effects on children, although emotions that children experience after parental divorce are open to different interpretations. Accordingly, this study was conducted to explore loneliness in children of divorce. Design/methodology/approach: A constructivist grounded theory study was carried out through the lens of definitive guidelines provided by Charmaz (2006). The participants were 15 female children aged 11–12 years, who were purposively selected. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and memos. To analyze data, the authors used four coding techniques, including initial, focused, axial, and theoretical coding. Also, to examine the links between the identified themes, the authors focused on three factors: conditions, actions/interactions, and consequences. Findings: The analysis of the obtained data through the above-mentioned stages led to the identification of three main themes, including parental unavailability, rejection, and mistrust, which shaped children's experience of loneliness through lack of physical access, lack of emotional access, low levels of parental expectations, lack of supervision, absence of belongingness, being ignored, pessimistic views, and insecure relationships. Originality/value: As was suggested by attachment theory, children of divorce lost their attachment bonds with their parents that intensified their perception of loneliness and negatively affected their social and academic performance. It was revealed that, effects of divorce went beyond the loss of the attachment bonds in families because our participants talked about their relationships with peers and their position in a society, where divorce carries the social stigma and children of divorced mother are marginalized. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Journal Of Qualitative Research In Health Sciences (26456109) 11(1)pp. 41-47
Introduction: Marital relationship enrichment program is designed for couples who have relatively good relationship and desire to improve it. The enrichment program seeks to improve couples’ relationships and determine the factors and conditions upon which marital satisfaction and compatibility can be realized after marriage. The objective of this study was to analyze the components of marital relationship enrichment program using a qualitative method. Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative method based on deductive content analysis. At first, 46 related sources (13 books, 30 papers, and 3 theses) were used to identify and extract the components related to enriching couples’ relationships. Purposive sampling was used and data collection continued until the data saturation point. Then, the relevant components were extracted and the obtained data were recorded and classified into codes, subthemes, and main themes based on the shared content. Results: The data extracted in this study were classified into 52 codes, 21 subthemes, and 5 main themes. The main themes of enriching couples’ relationships included developing awareness and cognition, communication skills, emotional literacy, commitment to improve the relationship, and conflict resolution skills. Conclusion: Taking into account the results of this study concerning the components of enriching marital relationship can provide the necessary context for success in marriage. © 2022, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Family Journal (10664807)
The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting marital interpersonal pathologies of men with avoidant attachment. Particularly, this study examined the role of men's cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the mediating role of their caregiving styles. Availability sampling method was used to select 420 married men with avoidant attachment who were referred to counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran for marital problems during 2021 to 2022. The participants were asked to answer to scales on their instruments included experiences in close relationships, cognitive emotion regulation, caregiving styles, and marital interpersonal pathologies. The data analysis was performed using structural equations via analysis of a moment structures software. The results showed that adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (MERS) and caregiving styles (sensitive, proximate, and controlling) directly predicted marital interpersonal pathologies. Also, caregiving styles (sensitive, proximate, and controlling) played a mediating role in the relationship between adaptive and MERS and marital interpersonal pathologies. Therefore, based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that family therapists examine cognitive emotion regulation strategies and caregiving styles in order to investigate and treat marital problems in such men. © The Author(s) 2022.
Family Journal (10664807)
The present study aimed to identify marital interpersonal pathologies in men with avoidant attachment. Data collection was carried out to the extent of saturation and according to the triangulation method in three ways including (1) 18 semi-structured interviews with 10 men with avoidant attachment and their spouses, (2) interviews with 8 experts in the field of attachment, and (3) review of the literature on the subject. The thematic analysis resulted in identifying 11 subcategories, which were classified into three main categories of emotional pathologies, communication pathologies, and functional pathologies. The results also showed that identifying interpersonal pathologies among men with avoidant attachment and providing preventive therapeutic solutions appropriate to each pathology can be a great help in increasing marital satisfaction. © The Author(s) 2022.
Family Process (15455300) 61(1)pp. 436-450
Divorce has received scant attention in Iran, despite the problems that arise for individuals and families and in social life. The present study aimed to find the divorce process of the Iranian couples among whom the woman was the divorce initiator. For this purpose, interviews were conducted, using the grounded theory method, with 34 Iranian divorcing men and women (women initiating a divorce and their spouses) to investigate their divorce experience. The results revealed that the psychological, communication, cultural, and social factors involved in the divorce phenomenon were observed in five stages: (1) emergence of thinking about divorce, (2) hesitation on stay, (3) difficult decision-making, (4) separation, and (5) legal action. Despite more restrictive laws and more complicated social conditions for women initiating divorce than men, the number of women initiating the divorce is increasing in the changing cultural context of Iran. Therefore, we hope that our results on the divorce process help couples, families, and especially professionals plan preventive measures and develop clinical interventions targeting marriage and marital relationships. © 2021 Family Process Institute.
Journal of Couple and Relationship Therapy (15332683) 21(3)pp. 187-206
This study aimed to develop and validate a marital interpersonal pathologies questionnaire for women with attachment anxiety symptoms (MIPA). The sample consisted of 400 married women with attachment anxiety symptoms who were selected through convenience sampling. Factor analysis results showed that the marital interpersonal pathology questionnaire for women with attachment anxiety involved three factors (emotional pathologies, communication pathologies, and functional pathologies) with ten different dimensions. The findings indicated that this questionnaire had high validity and reliability and was capable of identifying marital interpersonal pathologies in women with attachment anxiety. Implications for future research and couple and family therapy are discussed. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Mental Health, Religion and Culture (14699737) 24(1)pp. 23-36
This study aimed to explore the relative contribution of the country of origin associated with adjustment to divorce (AD) and its interactions with several correlate among women from two different cultures, i.e., Iran and Chile. With that purpose, 292 participants, including Muslim Iranian (n=147) and Chilean (n=145) women, completed an AD questionnaire. A hierarchical multiple linear regression test was used to examine the main effect of country of origin, as well as several correlates of AD and their interaction effects. The country of origin was strongly related to AD, with Iranian women reporting lower adjustment levels than Chilean participants. We also identified that the level of prior relationship satisfaction and a new romantic relationship were associated with AD. No interaction effects were identified. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Journal of Divorce and Remarriage (10502556) 62(2)pp. 83-103
Despite the increase in divorce rates in Iran in recent years, research has focused less on its process. To this end, 32 men and women among Iranian divorcing couples in which the man was divorce initiator were interviewed with a purposive and theoretical method. The divorce process revealed itself through coding the interviews based on the grounded theory method in the following four stages: 1) the unexpected start of the marriage; 2) the breakdown of relationship; 3) the surprising divorce proposal; and 4) the legal action. These stages presented a relatively clear image of divorce process of Iranian couples in which the man was initiator. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Early Child Development and Care (14768275) 190(15)pp. 2414-2421
The present study investigates parenting styles in Iranian mothers with avoidant attachment style. The sample of this study were 15 mothers of children aged 1–6 living in Hamedan city, Iran with avoidant attachment style. The sample was first screened using the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). Mothers were interviewed using s semi-structured interviews. The data were categorized into themes, categories, and subcategories. Parenting styles in avoidant mothers could be categories into the following theme, (1) Attachment-based behaviours, (2) Emotional fostering, and (3) social fostering. This study also shows that avoidant mothers emphasize independence in their children. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Journal Of Qualitative Research In Health Sciences (26456109) 9(3)pp. 239-250
Introduction: Intimacy is especially important in married life. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the marital intimacy of veteran couples. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using a phenomenological approach. The study population consisted of veteran couples in Shiraz. Sampling was done purposively and continued until the saturation point was reached. The data were collected from 10 semi-structured interviews with veteran couples on intimacy and Colaizzi's method was used to analyze the data. Results: Factors affecting the marital intimacy of veteran couples were extracted in the form of 4 categories and 17 sub-categories. The identified categories included individual factors (personality traits, attachment styles, differentiation, physical and mental health), interpersonal factors (communication patterns, communication skills, matching and similarity, conflict resolution styles, emotional and sexual needs), religious and cultural factors (religious beliefs and attitudes, interaction with in-laws), and demographic factors (education, occupation, economic status, presence of children, duration of marriage, gender). Conclusion: Marital intimacy of veteran couples is influenced by individual, interpersonal, religious and cultural, and demographic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to different factors affecting marital intimacy in the counseling of veteran couples. The present study can be a good guide for therapists to provide appropriate interventions to increase intimacy. © 2020 The Author(s).
Journal of Divorce and Remarriage (10502556) 61(6)pp. 385-405
Sexual infidelity can have a devastating impact on the couple’s relationship, as well as the individual’s life. Studies shows that many Iranian couples ask for divorce after experiencing sexual infidelity. This qualitative study explores the effects of sexual infidelity on Iranian attachment injured women asking for divorce. In this cultural study, 32 women with betrayal experience were interviewed. All interviews were transcribed word by word and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show the impacts of sexual betrayal, as an attachment injury, can be classified into four themes including 1) sexual relationships, 2) emotional effects, 3) cognitive effects and 4) behavioral effects. It has been demonstrated that attachment injury caused by infidelity damages the cultural foundation of mutual trust within partners. Infidelity as an attachment injury is also discussed. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Journal of Divorce and Remarriage (10502556) 60(2)pp. 89-103
The aim of this study was to predict remarried women’s difficulties in emotion regulation through mindfulness, thought–action fusion, and emotion regulation strategies. The research method was descriptive. Two hundred and fifty-two remarried women were administered the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI), Thought–Action Fusion Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results of the data analysis showed that thought–action fusion and suppression are positively correlated to difficulties in emotion regulation, whereas reappraisal and mindfulness were negatively related to difficulties in emotion regulation. Also, mindfulness, thought–action fusion, reappraisal, and suppression are able to predict emotion regulation difficulty. This study indicated that it is important to consider the emotion and its dysregulation among remarried women. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Social Work (15426440) 38(3)pp. 313-326
The family of origin plays an essential role in Iranian society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family of origin functioning and intrapersonal and interpersonal skills among Iranian Muslim men and women in Iran. For this correlation study, 193 men and 277 women were recruited using available sampling from a Muslim population. To collect the data, the Family Assessment Device (FAD), Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Skills Scale (IISCS) were administered. Analyzing the data using stepwise regression indicated no significant difference between the mean scores for the FAD and the IISCS in terms of age, gender, education, duration of the marriage, and the number of children. However, the correlation between predictor variables of the family of origin functioning and predicted variables of intrapersonal and interpersonal skills among Muslim men and women showed to be significant. In addition, the construct of intrapersonal skills was highly correlated with the construct of family roles. This study adds to the literature on family of origin by examining the relationship between family of origin functioning and intrapersonal and interpersonal skills and shows the importance of family of origin functioning for Iranian couples. In addition, it has some implications for researchers and practitioners. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis.
Contemporary Family Therapy (08922764) 40(2)pp. 204-209
This research explores the effects of counseling based on mindfulness and acceptance on the marital conflict of intercultural married women in Iran. The population of this study was all intercultural married women in Isfahan city, Iran. After interviewing for finding suitable participants, a total number of 30 participants were recruited and assigned to two matched groups of control and experiment. Participants in both groups were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire and revised marital conflict questionnaire. Experimental group then completed the 8 weekly, 90 min counseling based on Gehart’ treatment plan (Mindfulness and acceptance in couple and family therapy, Springer, New York, 2012), the control group did not receive any intervention. After the completion of the counseling, participants in both groups were asked to complete the questionnaires as post-test. Results indicate that this program affected marital conflict in participants and significantly decrease it. Due to numerous Challenge in the life of intercultural couples, designing and implementing effective intervention plans seems necessary and constructive. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Journal of Divorce and Remarriage (10502556) 59(2)pp. 141-155
This study was an attempt to determine the factor structure, reliability, validity, and adaptation of the Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale (FDAS) for Iranian divorced individuals. The primary rationale for this study was the lack of such an instrument in an Iranian context to help researchers and therapists determine postdivorce adjustment and distinguish those in need of receiving psychological help. Participants of this study were 486 individuals (49.5% men, 50.5% women) who were divorced and were selected from the available population. Participants were asked to complete a sociodemographic questionnaire, the FDAS (Fisher, 1978), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ; Ghanbarnejad & Turki, 2013). The results showed that the internal consistency of FDAS using Cronbach’s alpha was.93 and the split-half coefficient was.89, indicating fine consistency. Also, the internal consistency of FDAS subscales measuring self-worth, disentanglement from the ex-partner, anger, grief, social trust, and social self-worth was.81,.86,.89,.88,.86, and.69, respectively, using Cronbach’s alpha. Data analysis shows an adequate convergent validity with the SWLS and GHQ. It can be concluded that the FDAS has an acceptable factor structure, reliability, and validity, and can be used in Iran and other Persian-speaking countries. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (discontinued) (09739122) 12(1)pp. 192-197
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of integrative approach (Imago therapy and schema therapy) on girls’ love addiction in Isfahan. The method of this study was of semi experimental and pretest-posttest type with control group. The statistical society of this study included girls referred to consultation and cultural center of Isfahan. Among these individual 30 persons who obtained the required mark in Pibody’ addiction to love questionnaire; were selected and 15 individuals assigned to experimental group and the other 15 to control one. The study hypotheses was as follow: integrative approach (imago therapy and schema therapy) is effective on girls’ love addiction. The dependent variable was girls’ love addiction which were evaluated using Pibody’ addiction to love questionnaire. The independent variable was integrative approach (imago therapy and schema therapy) which was enforced in one experiment group and 8 individual sessions. The data were analyzed with covariance analysis by SPSS software. The results showed that integrative approach has improved girls’ love addiction. © 2018, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. All rights reserved.
Journal of Divorce and Remarriage (10502556) 59(2)pp. 108-122
This research explores the effects of participating in the Rebuilding Seminar on postdivorce adjustment and the general health of divorced women in Arak, Iran. For this quasiexperimental study, 15 participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Prior to the participation in group intervention, participants were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale (FDAS), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ–28). Participants then completed the 10 weekly, 2-hour group intervention program. After the completion of the group intervention, postintervention questionnaires were administered. Results indicate that this particular educational program affected adjustment in participants on all subscales of the FDAS, except for social self-worth. The results also suggest that the intervention program was effective on all subscales of the GHQ–28, except for somatic symptoms. Due to numerous changes in the life of divorced women and the stressful nature of divorce, designing and implementing effective intervention plans seems necessary and constructive. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Psychopathology (02544962) 50(4)pp. 231-238
Background: Considering the lack of documented research on the sexuality of dependent persons, this qualitative study examined sexual dynamics among Iranian married women with excessive interpersonal dependency. Methods: Interviews with 18 married women with high interpersonal dependency were coded using thematic analysis. Results: Three major areas emerged from the data under which the themes clustered. These were (1) intrapersonal level which included confused sexual cognitions, intrusive thoughts during sex, preoccupation by sexual thoughts, low tolerance for reduction or interruption of sexual activity, and emotional distress during sex, (2) interactional dynamics including imposing pressure on the husband to have sex and assuming a submissive and receptive role during sex, and (3) contextual processes including social stigma and the effects of social phenomena. Conclusions: These findings presented a relatively clear understanding of the impacts of interpersonal dependency on the sexuality of Iranian women. The majority of the women reported maladaptive sexual strategies, attitudes, and emotions. Moreover, there were several similarities between the sexual dynamics of the women and those of individuals with anxious attachment style. These findings suffer from some limitations in terms of generalization due to the small size of the sample and clinical and cultural considerations. The implications of these findings for practitioners are also considered. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Asian Social Science (discontinued) (19112025) 12(9)pp. 65-76
Problems between parents and their male adolescents are a fast growing phenomenon in Iran. This study attempted to examine the problems between parents and their male adolescents, how they are formed, and what factors influenced the problems formation process between them. Thirty-five participants including parents, their male adolescents, and experts (10 adolescents, 10 fathers, 10 mothers, and 5 experts) participated in a semi structured deep interview; and data was analyzed qualitatively and based on a grounded theory approach. Based on the findings of this study, a preliminary understanding of problems formation process between Iranian parents and their male adolescents is presented and discussed in details. Through systematic analysis, we uncovered several factors influencing the problems formation process in the population. Qualitative findings revealed that adolescents’ characteristics, parents’ features, the type of relationships between parents and their male adolescents, adolescents’ growth, cultural changes, family environment, friends, and school affected the problems between Iranian parents and their male adolescents. © 2016, Asian Social Science. All Right Received.
Asian Social Science (discontinued) (19112025) 12(7)pp. 202-211
Because of the negative effects of marital infidelity followed to determine the reasons for clinicians and researchers is important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of men marital infidelity. The approach used in the current study was a qualitative research method.To collect data, semi-structured interviews were used. Interview content analysis and categorization codes revealed that the reasons for marital infidelity placed in several categories. Sexual (seeking happiness and freshness due to marriage burnout, having new sexual experiences, sensation seeking, and wife sloppiness), emotional (marital conflicts, crises of life, loss of self, and emotion and though sharing), and external factors (power, having the opportunity to relationship, confidence and support received from friends, attitude or entitlement, de inhibition due to drug use). These categorizations have implications for clinicians and researchers. Therapists working with infidelity should consider these factors in prevention programs and family enrichment. © 2016, Asian Social Science. All Right Received.
Psychological Studies (00332968) 59(3)pp. 309-315
This study investigated the relationship of quality of adolescent’s attachment to mother, father, and peers with depression. 785 high school students (49.7 % male and 50.3 % female) aged between 15 and 17 years completed the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) as well as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). In case of boys the results showed that their attachment to mother, father, and peers were meaningful predictors of depression during adolescence. Similar trend was noted for girls. Attachment to mother across both genders accounted for greater variance in depression in comparison to attachment to father and/or attachment to peers. Cultural implications are addressed. © 2014, National Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India.
Europe's Journal of Psychology (18410413) 8(3)pp. 363-374
The present study evaluated the relations between anxious attachment styles and rejection sensitivity, and the potential mediating role of self-esteem and worry. A sample of 125 Iranian college students completed surveys assessing rejection sensitivity, attachment style, worry and self-esteem. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted. Results show that there is a significant positive relationship between anxious attachment styles and rejection sensitivity. The study suggests that a higher score in anxious attachment styles is associated with a higher level of worry and lower level of self-esteem and it is also associated with higher level of rejection sensitivity. Furthermore, there is a positive significant relationship between worry and rejection sensitivity and there is a negative significant relationship between self-esteem and rejection sensitivity. Results indicate that self-esteem and worry mediate the relationship between anxious attachment styles and rejection sensitivity.
Isanejad, O. ,
Ahmadi, S.A. ,
Bahrami, F. ,
Baghban-cichani, I. ,
Farajzadegan, Z. ,
Etemadi toudeshki, O. Iranian Journal Of Psychiatry And Behavioral Sciences (17358639) 6(2)pp. 55-61
Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS) with 14 items (short form) in Iranian population. Methods:The English version of the RDAS was translated into Persian. Then, Persian version was retranslated to English. To study factor structure 338 questionnaires were filled out by parents of elementary students. Other measurement tools were The Marital Happiness Scale (MHS), Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (ENRICH).Both English and Persian forms were completed by 35 married undergraduate English students. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the RDAS, MHS, and ENRICH were 0.79, 0.87. and 0.76-0.91, respectively. Results: The content validity of the backward translation of the original version was confirmed. The findings confirmed the factor structure.Also, the validity was confirmed by retest and internal consistency. There was relationship between RDAS with marital happiness and satisfaction in anticipated direct, between husband and wifeadjustment scores. Conclusion: The reliability and validity of the RDAS with 3-factor structure in Iranian population was confirmed with an appropriate validity and reliability.
Isanejad, O. ,
Ahmadi, S.A. ,
Bahrami, F. ,
Baghban-cichani, I. ,
Etemadi toudeshki, O. ,
Farajzadegan, Z. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (19918178) 5(9)pp. 200-206
This study aimed to investigate the effect of relationship enhancement on improving optimism and marital happiness of couples in Isfahan. The design of this study is quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group. The sample was 36 couples were randomly selected and assigned in an experimental group (20couples) and a control group (16 couples). The independent variable was relationship enhancement which was administrated in 8 sessions on the experimental group while there was no treatment for the control group. The instrument for this study was Marital Happiness Scale (MHS) and Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). The data was analyzed by covariance analysis. The results showed that relationship enhancement has effectively led to improving of optimism and marital happiness of couples (p<0.01). The results showed significantly differences between experimental group, and control group considering the amount of marital happiness and optimism, and the efficacy of relationship enhancement has remained after a month follow up. The results showed that relationship enhancement was significantly effective on improving of optimism and marital happiness. These results may be product useful information about effectiveness of relationship enhancement on marital quality for researchers, counselors and psychotherapists.
Journal of Divorce and Remarriage (10502556) 51(5)pp. 269-292
This study investigates the early maladaptive schema in marital relationship as predictive of divorce in Isfahan, Iran. The sample includes 150 divorce applicant couples and 155 ordinal couples (for a total of 620 participants). The divorced sample was taken from a group of divorce applicants and court clients, and a random multistaged sampling method was used to select the control group. All sample couples were tested on the Early Maladaptive Schema Scale. In spite of the descriptive statistical methods, the discriminate analysis method was applied to analyze the data in this research. The results of the research confirmed our hypothesis and demonstrated that divorce can be predicted based on early maladaptive schema. The results derived from the data analysis are in line with the research literature that indicates that divorce can be predicted based on early maladaptive schemata. In accordance with an early maladaptive schema approach, a model of divorce prevention and marital therapy can be developed. This research can also be applied in clinical and counseling environments to help problematic couples and couples on the threshold of divorce. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Etemadi toudeshki, O. ,
Yoosefi, N. ,
Bahrami, F. ,
Fatehezade M.A.-S. ,
Ahmadi, S.A. ,
Beshlideh K. ,
Yoosefi, N. ,
Etemadi toudeshki, O. ,
Bahrami, F. ,
Fatehezade M.A.-S. ,
Ahmadi, S.A. ,
Beshlideh K. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (17358639) 3(2)pp. 4-14
Objective: Many theorists have attempted to illustrate family functions. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between self-differentiation, mental well-being and welfare and the quality of an individual's married life, specifically in the framework of Bowen's theory. Methods: The sample size for this descriptive research project consisted of 560 participants who were chosen at random from the clients referred to a number of counseling centers in the city of Isfahan, located in central Iran. Assessment tools utilized in this project consisted of Differentiation of Self Inventory-2 (DSI-2), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Positive and Negative Affects Scales (PANAS) as well as Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS). Results: Measurements were carried out to ensure the validity of this research: First, the validity of each subject questionnaire was examined by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Then, the structural model for the conceptualization of the relationship between differentiation of self and other factors along with the quality of an individual's married life was presented and accordingly adjusted by reviewing preceding studies in the framework of Bowen's theory. Conclusion: It was concluded that the questionnaires were indeed valid to be used in both research and clinical settings.
